CaO-CaCl_2-Fe_xO熔渣的热力学性质

采用Mo|Mo+MoO_2|ZrO_2(MgO)|Fe+(Fe_xO)+Ag|Fe固体电池测定了CaO-CaCl_2-Fe_xO熔渣中Fe_xO的活度。结果表明:Fe_xO活度与CaO/CaCl_2比有关,即在均一液相范围内,Fe_xO的活度随CaO/CaCl_2比的增大而降低。根据Fe_xO活度的测定数据,作出了CaO-CaCl_2-Fe_xO三元系在1200℃和1350℃的等温相图。     

钙传感法对铁液中溶解态钙活度的研究

用直接合成法制备了Caβ″-Al_2O_3 固体电解质,在10~(-2)～1 MHz 频率范围内,于 1073～1523 K 温度区间测定了电解质的阻抗谱,并计算得到电导率,其数量级为 10~(-6) ～10~(-5)Ω~(-1)·cm~(-1)。用Caβ″-Al_2O_3 作为固体电解质,以Sn-Ca 合金为参比电极,组装成电池 Mo|Sn-Ca|Caβ″-Al_2O_3|[Ca]_(Fe)|Mo(ZrO_2),于 1833 K 温度下测定了纯铁液中溶解态钙的活度,证明该种固体电解质有希望用于直接测定钙的活度。     

MgS+ZrS_2固体电解质定硫探头的开发

应用特殊方法自行合成了MgS,ZrS_2,MOS_2,WS_2和TiS_2等高熔点硫化物。以MgS+ZrS_2作为固体电解质,以Mo+MoS_2作为参比极,组成定硫探头:Mo|Mo+MOS_2‖MgS+ZrS_2[S]_(Fe)|Mo,在大气气氛下,于1638K,测定了铁水[S]含量。以Mo+MOS_2和W+WS_2作为已知硫分压的参比极和被测极组成定硫探头:Mo|Mo+MoS_2‖MgS+ZrS_2|W+WS_2|Mo,测定了MgS+ZrS_2固体电解质的特征硫分压P_e~＇(s)。试验结果表明,新开发的定硫探头可用于测定铁水[S]含量。     

贵州钩藤不同产地钧、茎微量元素比较分析

为了解贵州不同产地钩藤不同部位主要微量元素的含量,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),对采自贵州剑河、都匀钩藤样品进行钩、茎微量元素(Na、Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Co、Zn、Cu、Mo)含量测定分析。结果表明:剑河钩藤钩、茎中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo含量均高于都匀钩藤钩、茎中含量。Zn/Cu比大小顺序均为茎钩和茎钩,都匀钩藤钩、茎、钩和茎中Zn/Cu比均高于剑河钩藤对应部位的Zn/Cu比。不同产区钩藤间Mn和Mg,Mn和Ca、Fe和K、Zn和Mg、Zn和Ca、Cu和Na、Cu和Na、Mo和Fe(p0.05)显著正相关,K和Na、Ca和Mg、Cu和K、Cu和Fe(p0.01)极显著正相关。     

二元一阶常系数线性微分方程组的本质解法

对于二元一阶常系数线性微分方程组:x′=Ax+f(t),引入特征根方程|A-λE|=0的特征行向量K=(k_1,k_2)(其中K满足:K(A-λE)=0)概念,将二元一阶常系数线性微分方程组,化为二元一次代数线性方程形式:(K_2x_2)′=λ(K_2x_2)+(K_2f),(K_1x_1)′=λ(K_1x_1)+K_1x_2+K_1f,从中给出原微分方程组的解.     

合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C的磁性及磁致热力学性质

利用基于第一性原理的VASP软件计算钢中合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C在0 K、0 Pa的磁矩和形成能,利用热力学平衡软件MTDATA计算合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C的化学自由能改变量,利用Weiss分子场理论计算合金碳化物在12 T强磁场下的磁自由能改变量。结果表明,合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C的磁矩主要来源于不同Wyckoff位置的Fe原子,8d位置的Fe原子对磁矩的影响比4c位置的Fe原子更大,而Mo原子会使合金碳化物的磁矩降低;合金碳化物Fe_2MoC、Mo_3C的形成能为负,表明这两种合金碳化物比Fe_3C和FeMo_2C更稳定;另外,Mo原子会降低合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C化学自由能改变量,增大其磁自由能改变量。     

关于k维空间的МИРКБЯН算子和БСККВ算子的逼近度

§1 引言设f(X)(X=(x_1,x_2,…,x))是定义在D={X|x_i≥0,i=1,2,…,K)上的有界连皱函数。所谓K维空间的Миракъян算子是指     

利用固体电解质定氧电池测定Fe-Nb熔体中铌的活度的研究

利用下列组装的固体电解质定氧电池: Mo|Mo,MoO_2‖ZrO_2(MgO)‖[Nb],NbO_2|Mo ZrO_2金属陶瓷,Mo对Fe-Nb熔体中Nb的活度在三个温度下(1823、1853及1873K)进行研究。在净化的氩气气氛下,将固态NbO_2细粉撒布在含铌铁液之上,以取得[Nb]与[O]的反应迅速达到平衡。有时不加任何固体料,使熔体中形成的脱氧产物自己上浮,此脱氧产物热力学证明是NbO_2。对测定的a_0实验数据进行加工处理,求出下列结果: 1.脱氧反应的自由能 [Nb] [O]=NbO_2(s); △G°=-89710 28.27T 2.Nb在铁液中的溶解自由能 Nb_((s))=[Nb]_％; △G=-32090 7.9T; γ°_(1873)=1.60 Nb_((l))=[Nb]_％; △G°=-38520 10.24T; γ°_(1873)=0.92 3.Nb本身的活度相互作用系数 当[Nb]含量大约低于0.2时,脱氧产物和其它合金元素如Al、Cr、V等相似,形成了复合氧化物如FeO·NbO_2。后者的生成自由能估计为:随着熔体中[Nb]含量的继续下降,对生成其它脱氧产物的可能性,本文也进行了讨论。     

一个丢番图不等式

在本文中,我们得到如下定理:定理设λ_1,…,λ_5是非零实数,不具有相同符号,且不全是有理比,那么,任给ε>0,丢番图不等式|λ_1x_1~2+…+λ_5x_5~2|<(■x_i)~(-2/9+ε)有无限组正整数解(x_1,…,x_5).     

在辐射条件下Schrdinger方程解的存在唯一性及其渐近性质

以x=(x_1,X_2,x_3)表示三维空间E中的向量,|X|表示向量的模(即|x|=(x_1~2 x_2~2 x_3~2)~(1/2),φ(x)表示三个变量x_1、x_2、x_3的函数。在以后,我们总是以S表示一闭曲面,而D表示S的外部区域。在本文中,将讨论Schr?dinger方程     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

Influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between MnO-SiO_2-FeO oxides and an Fe-Mn-Si solid alloy during heat treatment at 1473 K

To clarify the influence of Fe O and sulfur on solid state reaction between an Fe-Mn-Si alloy and Mn O-Si O2-Fe O oxides under the restricted oxygen diffusion flux, two diffusion couples with different sulfur contents in the oxides were produced and investigated after heat treatment at 1473 K. The experimental results were also compared with previous work in which the oxides contained higher Fe O. It was found that although the Fe O content in the oxides decreased from 3wt% to 1wt% which was lower than the content corresponding to the equilibrium with molten steel at 1873 K, excess oxygen still diffused from the oxides to solid steel during heat treatment at 1473 K and formed oxide particles. In addition, increasing the sulfur content in the oxides was observed to suppress the diffusion of oxygen between the alloy and the oxides.     

不同Nb,Mo含量的Fe基微晶软磁合金磁性能的频谱特性

利用无磁场、纵向磁场和横向磁场３种热处理方式，制力求４种不同Ｎｂ、Ｍｏ含量的Ｆｅ７４．５Ｃｕ１Ｍ３Ｓｉ１２．５Ｂ９．５（Ｍ为Ｎｂ、Ｍｏ原子质量百分数之和）纳米晶试样，分别测量试样的复值磁导率｜μ｜Ｏ．３，矫顽力｜Ｈｃ｜和铁芯损耗Ｐｃｏ．２，分析试样的频谱特性和成分的影响．结果表明，不含Ｍｏ的Ｆｅ７４．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１２．５Ｂ９．５合金的｜μ｜０．３随频率增加而下降的趋势最小，需含Ｍｏ的Ｆｅ７４．５Ｃｕ１Ｎｂ２Ｍｏ１Ｓｉ１２．５Ｂ９．５合金的｜μ｜Ｏ．３值最大，且｜Ｈ｜和Ｐｃｏ．２的值最小．在３种磁场热处理中，无磁场热处理后的试样的｜μ｜０．３最大，且｜Ｈｃ｜和Ｐｃｏ．２的值最小；而纵向磁场热处理后的试样的｜μ｜０３最小，且｜Ｈｃ｜和Ｐｃ０２的值最大     

Fe掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体的结构与磁性

以Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O与Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O为原料, 与适量的柠檬酸配制成溶液, 采用溶胶\|凝胶(so|-gel)法合成干凝胶前驱体, 将前驱体在空气及氩气气氛中烧结得到Zn_1-xFe_xO样品, 并用X射线衍射（XRD)、 透射电子显微镜（TEM）、 X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对所制备样品的结构和磁性进行研究. 结果表明, 在氩气中烧结时, Fe在ZnO中的掺杂摩尔分数小于4％,  在空气中烧结时, Fe在ZnO中的掺杂摩尔分数约为10％, 在两种气氛下制备相同掺杂摩尔分数样品的磁性不同, 是由于Fe在样品中所处的价态不同, 从而影响了样品的结构及磁性.      

Influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between MnO-SiO2-FeO oxides and an Fe-Mn-Si solid alloy during heat treatment at 1473 K

To clarify the influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between an Fe?Mn?Si alloy and MnO?SiO2?FeO oxides under the restricted oxygen diffusion flux, two diffusion couples with different sulfur contents in the oxides were produced and investigated after heat treatment at 1473 K. The experimental results were also compared with previous work in which the oxides contained higher FeO. It was found that although the FeO content in the oxides decreased from 3wt% to 1wt% which was lower than the content corresponding to the equilibrium with molten steel at 1873 K, excess oxygen still diffused from the oxides to solid steel during heat treatment at 1473 K and formed oxide particles. In addition, increasing the sulfur content in the oxides was observed to suppress the diffusion of oxygen between the alloy and the oxides.     

Experimental measurement of the electrical conductivity of single crystal olivine at high temperature and high pressure under different oxygen fugacities

At 1.0?4.0 GPa and 1123?1473 K and under oxygen fugacity-controlled conditions (Ni+NiO, Fe+Fe₃O₄, Fe+FeO and Mo+MoO₂ buffers), a YJ-3000t Model six-anvil solid high-pressure apparatus and a Sarltron-1260 Impedance/Gain-Phase analyzer were employed to conduct an in situ measurement of the electrical conductivity of single crystal olivine. Experimental results showed that: (1) within the range of experimentally selected frequencies (10³?10⁶ Hz), the electrical conductivity of the sample is of great dependence on the frequency; (2) with the rise of temperature (T), the electrical conductivity (σ) will increase, and the Arrenhius linear relationship is established between lgσ and 1/T; (3) under the control of oxygen buffer Fe+Fe₃O₄, with the rise of pressure, the electrical conductivity tends to decrease whereas the activation enthalpy and independent-of-temperature preexponential factor tend to increase, with the activation energy and activation volume of the sample estimated at (1.25±0.08) eV and (0.105±0.025) cm³/mol, respectively; (4) under given pressure and temperature conditions, the electrical conductivity tends to increase whereas the activation energy tends to decrease with increasing oxygen fugacity; and (5) the mechanism of electrical conduction of small polarons can provide insight into the behavior of electrical conduction of olivine under high pressure and high temperature.     

乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯Fe_2O_3-K_2O系催化剂的XPS研究

对铈、钼助催的Fe_2O_3-K_2O乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯催化剂使用前后和工业用后卸下的样品作XPS研究,结果表明:用后催化剂中铁以Fe~(2+)和e~(3+)两种价态并存,表面上生成一定量羟基,反应条件下钾和氧化铁发生作用生成新相K_2Fe_2O_4,它也是活性相,表面钾被水蒸汽溶解随物料流动而迁移流失,钾的流失是失活的重要原因,还有结构因素的影响,在催化剂表面铈以CeO_2微晶存在,反应条件下部分被还原,因而增加了晶格氧的活动性和电子传递渠道,通过促进氧转移脱氢而使催化剂脱氢活性增加。     

Centimeter-scale-diameter Co-based bulk metallic glasses with fracture strength exceeding 5000 MPa

Co48-xFexCr15Mo14C15B6Er2 (x = 2.5 and 5) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with critical size (dc) up to 15 mm in diameter were synthesized by copper mold casting. Co43Fe5Cr15Mo14C15B6Er2 BMG has a wide supercooled liquid region (84 K) and ultrahigh fracture strength exceeding 5000 MPa,which is the highest value for reported metallic glasses with dc exceeding 1 cm. Furthermore,the Poisson ratio,Young modulus,shear modulus and bulk modulus of this alloy were evaluated to be 0.31,217 GPa,82 GPa and 214 GPa,respectively. The ideal configurational entropy of Co48-xFexCr15Mo14C15B6Er2 (x = 0 and 5) has been calculated. The introduction of the similar element Fe in the Fe-free Co-Cr-Mo-C-B-Er alloy will be beneficial to increasing the ideal config-urational entropy and depressing the critical cooling rate to achieve greater glass-forming ability. The combination of superior glass-forming ability and ultrahigh fracture strength makes the present Co48-xFexCr15Mo14C15B6Er2 (x = 2.5 and 5) BMGs promising candidates as advanced structural materials.     

Cost-effective integrated strategy for the fabrication of hard-magnet barium hexaferrite powders from low-grade barite ore

Ultrafine barium hexaferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) powders were synthesized from the metallurgical extracts of low-grade Egyptian barite ore via a co-precipitation route. Hydrometallurgical treatment of barite ore was systematically studied to achieve the maximum dissolution efficiency of Fe (~99.7%) under the optimum conditions. The hexaferrite precursors were obtained by the co-precipitation of BaS produced by the reduction of barite ore with carbon at 1273 K and then dissolved in diluted HCl and FeCl₃ solution at pH 10 using NaOH as a base; the product was then annealed at 1273 K in an open atmosphere. The effect of Fe3+/Ba2+ molar ratio and the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on the phase structure, crystallite size, morphology, and magnetic properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Single-phase BaFe₁₂O₁₉ powder was obtained at an Fe3+/Ba2+ molar ratio of 8.00. The formed powders exhibited a hexagonal platelet-like structure. Good maximum magnetization (48.3 A·m2·kg–1) was achieved in the material prepared at an Fe3+/Ba2+ molar ratio of 8.0 in the presence of 5% H₂O₂ as an oxidizer and at 1273 K because of the formation of a uniform, hexagonal-shaped structure.