土工格栅抑制沥青混凝土梁的损伤分析

目的研究土工格栅抑制混凝土梁的损伤效果,为沥青混凝土路面施工过程中的损伤开裂控制提供参考.方法应用Sidoroff和ABAQUAS损伤模型的有机结合,对未加铺土工格栅与在不同位置加铺土工格栅的沥青混凝土三点弯曲梁进行了损伤演化分析;运用疲劳试验对土工格栅加铺于梁底部进行损伤分析.结果土工格栅加铺层在梁底部和距梁底部1/3处加铺土工格栅后,沥青混凝土梁的损伤因子均得到了较大程度地减小,进而确定了土工格栅的最佳加铺位置为梁底部.疲劳试验结果表明,土工格栅加铺于梁底部能提高疲劳寿命8.49倍.结论土工格栅可以有效地抑制沥青混凝土的损伤,延长疲劳寿命.     

沥青加铺层抗反射裂缝足尺疲劳试验

针对水泥混凝土路面加铺改造后容易产生反射裂缝的缺点，采用大型疲劳试验台架进行不同沥青加铺层结构层抗反射裂缝的对比试验，模拟荷载作用下加铺层结构温度型和荷载型反射裂缝的产生和发展过程，评价了不同加铺层方案的防裂效果。结果表明：应力吸收层可有效消解水泥混凝土板块接缝处的应力集中现象，防止水泥混凝土面板由于温缩及荷载作用引起的加铺层反射裂缝；设置玻璃纤维格栅及土工布并不能很好的解决路面的反射裂缝问题。     

橡胶沥青应力吸收层抗疲劳作用机理研究

为研究AR-SAMI的抗反射裂缝与抗疲劳作用机理,通过复合梁三点弯疲劳试验分析了AR-SAMI对加铺层疲劳开裂进程与疲劳寿命的影响;采用有限元数值模拟并结合疲劳断裂力学理论进行疲劳扩展寿命的预估,并与试验结果进行对比;通过计算加铺层底部的最大主应力与裂尖应力强度因子,探讨AR-SAMI的阻裂与抗疲劳作用机理。结果表明:①设AR-SAMI有效抑制了反射裂缝的产生并降低了裂缝扩展速率,使得试件整体疲劳寿命提高了57%;②设AR-SAMI后使得沥青加铺层在开裂后裂尖的应力强度因子大幅降低,也因此降低了裂缝的扩展速率;③应用疲劳断裂力学理论对裂纹扩展疲劳寿命进行预测,结果显示应力吸收层依靠自身较高的疲劳性能使得结构整体疲劳扩展寿命提高了36%。因此,AR-SAMI在长期的使用过程中对抑制裂缝反射并提高加铺层疲劳寿命具有显著的效果。     

聚酯玻纤布防荷载型反射裂缝室内模拟试验

为了评价浸渍沥青的聚酯玻纤布的防反射性能和延缓沥青加铺层的反射裂缝,对已开裂的半刚性基层沥青路面建立的有限元模型进行了有限元力学分析.根据力学计算分析的结果和相关文献,设计了荷载型反射裂缝室内模拟模型.利用模拟模型,分别对是否采用聚酯玻纤布或玻纤格栅的AC20Ⅰ普通沥青混合料和AC20ⅠSBS改性沥青混合料进行弯拉型和剪切型反射裂缝模拟试验,并分析比较了不同试件的防反射能力.结果表明,聚酯玻纤布与沥青混凝土复合试件的抗裂能力较纯试件和玻纤格栅的试件优.通过力学计算设计的室内模型能较好地模拟荷载型反射裂缝和评价不同混合料的抗反射裂缝能力;聚酯玻纤布能有效地延缓反射裂缝的出现,从而延长沥青加铺层的使用寿命.     

土工格栅加筋水泥稳定碎石材料的疲劳试验

为了研究土工格栅加筋水泥稳定碎石材料的疲劳特性，试验采用控制应力的加载模式，进行中梁的弯曲疲劳室内模型试验。结果表明，在应力水平为0．55～0．65时，加格栅梁是未加格栅梁疲劳寿命的2～5倍，说明半刚性基层底部加铺土工格栅可以延缓半刚性基层疲劳裂缝的扩展，进而可以延迟由半刚性基层裂缝向沥青混凝土面层的扩展时间，从而延缓了路面的大修时间。     

路面加铺后旧沥青混合料的疲劳性能

针对老路面沥青层在加铺前后的不同受力状态,提出了两级荷载疲劳试验研究加铺后老路面沥青混合料疲劳性能的思路.通过小梁试件的室内两级荷载疲劳试验,获得了几种常用沥青混合料的二次疲劳方程,并在考虑室内与野外疲劳寿命差异的基础上,建议方程修正系数取1200.推荐了老路沥青层混合料抗拉强度结构系数供加铺设计参考.研究表明:沥青混合料二次疲劳方程与常规一级荷载疲劳方程具有相同的型式,且两者疲劳曲线的斜率没有变化,但由于一级荷载损伤的不同,二次疲劳曲线的位置有不同程度的下移;推荐的老路沥青层混合料抗拉强度结构系数克服了现有规范中沥青混合料抗拉强度结构系数不能用于老路沥青层底拉应力验算的缺陷,可直接用于加铺层设计或验算.     

旧砼路面上沥青加铺层疲劳开裂的损伤力学分析

运用疲劳损伤力学-有限元方法,对旧水泥混凝土路面沥青混凝土加铺层进行疲劳损伤断裂全过程数值模拟计算分析,系统地探讨地基支承条件、接缝(裂缝)传荷能力、沥青混凝土加铺层厚度以及加筋作用等因素对沥青混凝土加铺层疲劳开裂的影响.研究结果表明,接缝传荷能力对沥青混凝土加铺层疲劳开裂影响最为显著,它决定了裂缝的起源、裂缝发展方向以及加铺层疲劳开裂寿命;而加筋材料能有效地改善接缝位置加铺层的受力状态,从而延长加铺层疲劳寿命.与现场观测资料进行对比的结果表明,所开展的疲劳损伤分析是合理的.     

旧水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层反射裂缝力学分析

文章以宁连公路南京段水泥混凝土路面改造工程为应用研究对象,通过有限元计算分析了沥青混凝土加铺层反射裂缝的受力特性,为加铺层的结构和材料设计提供依据。研究表明,随着加铺层厚度的增加,裂缝尖端应变能密度呈减小趋势,但面层厚度增大到一定程度后,减小的程度趋于缓慢。随着格栅模量的增加,裂缝尖端应变能密度值不断减小;当格栅模量超过2000MPa后,继续增加格栅模量,裂缝尖端应变能密度的减小速度变慢。当沥青稳定碎石模量在800～1000MPa时,裂缝尖端的水平应力和应变能密度较小,对加铺层反射裂缝的防止有重要作用。     

旧水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层的力学分析

以南京-连云港高速公路南京段水泥混凝土路面改造工程为研究对象，采用弹性和粘弹性理论分析了加铺层结构为4cmSMA13＋8cmSUPERPAVE25＋10cm的沥青稳定碎石LSM25沥青混凝土加铺层的受力特性。研究表明：沥青混凝土加铺层的粘弹性性质对加铺层表面的竖向位移有一定的影响，随着深度的增加，这种影响逐渐减弱；沥青混凝土加铺层的粘弹性性质对加铺层不同深度处的竖向应力的影响较小；高温稳定性是沥青稳定碎石LSM25层沥青混合料材料设计的重点；SUPERPAVE25混合料设计的重点是控制材料的疲劳性能；加铺层厚度h=19cm时，SUPERPAVE25层底拉应变最大，增加和减小加铺层厚度，SUPERPAVE25层底拉应变呈现减小趋势；随着沥青稳定碎石模量的提高，加铺层中各深度处的竖向压应变和水平方向应变明显降低。     

设置过渡层的半刚性基层沥青路面的合理结构

针对半刚性基层在沥青路面使用过程引起的裂缝破坏,使其在高等级公路中的适用性受到质疑的问题,通过设置级配碎石和沥青碎石过渡层使半刚性基层的层位实现向下放置,实现了改善半刚性基层受力和减少裂缝的目的。采用ANSYS计算设置不同厚度的级配碎石和沥青碎石过渡层,分析路面结构在荷载作用下基层厚度变化时轮隙中心的受力情况,以考察适宜的半刚性基层层位和厚度。力学分析结果表明：采用厚度为12～15cm的级配碎石层和厚度为25～35cm的半刚性基层、或设置厚度为10～15cm的沥青碎石层和厚度为20～30cm的半刚性基层这两种结构,完全可以满足控制路面结构开裂的指标要求;能减少路面结构出现裂缝,延长沥青路面的结构寿命。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-