The Comprehension and Representation in the Translation of English Idioms

IntroductionAs we all know,nonnative speakers of English can reach apoint in their knowledge of the language speech;however,theyare liable to find themselves in hot water when confronted withidiomatic expressions.When hearing a idiom or colloquialismthey may feel frustrated and confused,since“the true meaningof the idioms generally cannot be determined by a knowledge ofits component parts.”(Colls,1975,p1)in many cases anattempt on the part of us,Chinese,to tie down a definition of anidiom t…     

Carbon sequestration within millet phytoliths from dry-farming of crops in China

Phytoliths are noncrystalline minerals that form inside cells and cell walls of different parts of plants. Organic carbon in living cells can be occluded in phytoliths during plant growth. It has been documented that the occluded carbon within phytoliths is an important long-term terrestrial carbon reservoir that has a major role in the global carbon cycle. Common millet and foxtail millet have become typical dry-farming crops in China since the Neolithic Age. The study of carbon conservation within phytoliths in these crops could provide insights into anthropogenic influences on the carbon cycle. In this study, we analyzed the carbon content in phytoliths of common millet and foxtail millet. The results indicated that (1) common millet and foxtail millet contained 0.136% ± 0.070% and 0.129% ± 0.085% phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) on a dry mass basis, respectively; (2) based on the mean annual production of common millet and foxtail millet in the last 10 years, the phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate of common millet and foxtail millet was approximately 0.023 ± 0.015 and 0.020 ± 0.010 t CO 2 ha 1 a 1 , respectively; (3) assuming a similar phytolith occluded carbon accumulation rate as for common millet (the highest accumulation rate was 0.038 t CO 2 ha 1 a 1 ), this could result in the sequestration of 2.37 × 10 6 t CO 2 per year for the 62.4 × 10 6 ha dry-farming crops in China. Although there was a decline in the annual production rate and planting area of foxtail millet during 1949 to 2008, the total phytolith carbon sequestration rate was 7×10 6 t CO 2 within the 60-year period. However, phytolith occluded carbon has not yet been fully considered as a global carbon sink. Also, this carbon fraction is probably one of the best candidates for the missing carbon sink.     

英语的习语

什么是英语的习语?习语(idiom)是一种语言根据它的习惯用法所具有的独特的表达方式。 英语的习语(English idiom)包括哪些独特的表达方式呢?首先是语法结构方面的特殊表达方式。例如:It's me,而不说It's I,尽管后者比前者更合乎语法。又例如:Who are youwaiting for?而不说Whom are you waiting for?实际上Whom比who更合乎语法。语法家解释Whom为who所代替的这一语法现象说,通常主语位于句首,既然Whom占据了主语的位置,那么Whom(宾格)变为Who(主格)就成为很自然的变化了。语法结构包括词法(mor-     

Is there an anatomical endophenotype for neurodevelopmental disorders？ A review of dual disorder anatomical likelihood estimation （ALE） meta-analyses of grey matter volumes

The term "neurodevelopmental disorder" broadly encompasses conditions thought to arise early in development and includes schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism among others. These conditions share a number of genetic and environmental risk factors postulated to lead to common difficulties in socio-emotional processing, communication and cognitive function. The alternative position is that, while the same traits are affected across these conditions, the nature or direction in which they are modified may be distinct. MRI studies provide a rapidly expanding and rich database which we propose can be used to contribute to this debate. Anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) is a method of meta-analysis applied to voxel-based MRI studies. We have adapted this method to explore the extent to which schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and autism share a common brain structural phenotype. We will review this work here and discuss whether there is sufficient other evidence to justify a common framework for further research into the inter-relatedness of such conditions.     

Some Characterizations of GVNL Rings

A ring R is called a GVNL-ring if a or 1-a is π-regular for every a∈R,as a common generalization of local and π-regular rings.It is proved that if R is a GVNL ring,then either(1-e)R(1-e) or eRe is a π-regular ring for every idempotent e of R.We prove that the center of a GVNL ring is also GVNL and every abelian GVNL ring is SGVNL.The formal power series ring R[x] is GVNL if and only if R is a local ring.     

洋话连篇

Here is the story of rubber.It is a common knowledge that if a cut was made on the outside skin of a rubber tree,white liquid like milk would come out,rubber could be made from this liquid. The rubber is soft and wax-like(蜡状的) when it is warm,so it is possible to give it     

Gene Disease Diagnostic System

IntroductionBinary optics[1,2 ] is a new technology which uses amicro- ion- etching film layer on a thin glass plateinstead of a common cubic glass lens.With binaryoptics,optical elements (such as lens andgratings) can be fabricated as integrated circuit(IC) devices.The binary optics can be integratedinto a laboratory on- a- chip[37] ,which includes thethree classic steps,sample preparation,biochemical reaction,and detection analysis.These small biochips have been used forpolymerase chain rea…     

Rapid growth cost in “all-fish” growth hormone gene transgenic carp:Reduced critical swimming speed

Evidence has accumulated that there is a trade-off between benefits and costs associated with rapid growth. A trade-off between growth rates and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) had been also reported to be common in teleost fish. We hypothesize that growth acceleration in the F3 generation of "all-fish" growth hormone gene (GH) transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) would reduce the swimming abilities. Growth and swimming performance between transgenic fish and non-transgenic controls were compared. The results showed that transgenic fish had a mean body weight 1.4―1.9-fold heavier,and a mean specific growth rate (SGR) value 6%―10% higher than the controls. Transgenic fish,however,had a mean absolute Ucrit (cm/s) value 22% or mean relative Ucrit (BL/s) value 24% lower than the controls. It suggested that fast-growing "all-fish" GH-transgenic carp were inferior swimmers. It is also supported that there was a trade-off between growth rates and swimming performance,i.e. faster-growing individuals had lower critical swimming speed.     

Immune and Genetic Algorithm Based Assembly Sequence Planning

IntroductionIn the course of the industryautomation, the assemblyautomation is the weakest work, and assembly sequenceplanning is one of the basic issues to accomplish this task.To realize assembly automation, there are three problemsto be solved in common: (1) establishing assembly model;(2) obtaining the restriction between the parts andcomponents within this model; (3) assembly sequencereasoning based on (1) and (2).There are a large number of research reports a…     

Non-observance of CP and Humor Creation——Analysis of Humor in“Kung Fu Panda”

An analysis from the pragmatic perspective is conducted on the selected dialogues of the American comedy film Kung Fu Panda.It is done on the basis of the Cooperative Principle,a theory formulated by American linguist H.P Grice to show how the humorous effect is created due to the non-observance of a certain maxim of the Cooperative Principle.The pragmatic delving into humor aims to help the audience have a better understanding and appreciation of the nature of humor in this movie.     

英语习语与翻译

习语(idiom)是语言的精华，它言简意赅，形象生动，往往富有哲理性而千古流传。英语习语包含成语、谚语、俗语、惯用语、俚语和典故。从英语习语的定义、产生背景和特点加以分析，从而探讨习语的翻译方法。     

Photocatalytic degradation of trace-level of MicrocystinLR by nano-film of titanium dioxide

The occurrence of toxic water bloom of cyanobacte-ria algae, widely reported in eutrophic freshwater, hasbeen a serious pollution problem in recent years[1]. Mi-crocystins (MCs), the most common cyanobacteriatoxin with a cyclic heptapeptide structure (Fig…     

Comparison of the Hadley cells calculated from two reanalysis data sets

The Hadley cell (HC) is a vertical circulation cell with the largest scale, the strongest intensity, and the longest studying history in the atmosphere[1]. The common ascending leg of Northern and Southern Hemispheric HCs corresponds to the equatorial tro…     

AOP event manager in open service gateway 〖WT5"HZ〗Abstract:〖WT5"BZ〗 〖WT5”HZ〗Key words:〖WT5”BZ〗

The Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) has played an important role in ubiquitous environments that support interoperability among embedded devices, such as home appliances and network devices. However, the OSGi does not have a common event mechanism yet, and it is difficult to communicate among services asynchronously. In the present work, a common event manager, AspectOriented Event Manager (AOEM), was designed on an OSGi framework. AOEM supports services to generate and provide notification of events. This paper presents the implementation of AOEM as an OSGi bundle with AspectJ. The experiment on transferring between device service and application service demonstrate that AOEM provides good abstraction of the services and convenience.     

Relationship Between Measured Friction Coefficients and Two Tread Groove Design Parameters for Footwear Pads

Introduction Slips and falls are common phenomena both in work- places and leisure activities. The coefficient of fric- tion (COF) between footwear and the floor is regarded as the most critical item determining the occurrence of a slip. It is commonly ac…     

Development and progress on hydrogen metallurgy

Hydrogen metallurgy is a technology that applies hydrogen instead of carbon as a reduction agent to reduce CO_2 emission, and the use of hydrogen is beneficial to promoting the sustainable development of the steel industry. Hydrogen metallurgy has numerous applications,such as H_2reduction ironmaking in Japan, ULCORED and hydrogen-based steelmaking in Europe; hydrogen flash ironmaking technology in the US; HYBRIT in the Nordics; Midrex H_2TM by Midrex Technologies, Inc.(United States); H_2FUTURE by Voestalpine(Austria); and SALCOS by Salzgitter AG(Germany). Hydrogen-rich blast furnaces(BFs) with COG injection are common in China. Running BFs have been industrially tested by AnSteel, XuSteel, and BenSteel. In a currently under construction pilot plant of a coal gasification–gas-based shaft furnace with an annual output of 10000 t direct reduction iron(DRI), a reducing gas composed of 57 vol% H_2 and 38 vol% CO is prepared via the Ende method. The life cycle of the coal gasification–gas-based shaft furnace–electric furnace short process(30 wt% DRI + 70 wt% scrap) is assessed with 1 t of molten steel as a functional unit. This plant has a total energy consumption per ton of steel of 263.67 kg standard coal and a CO_2 emission per ton of steel of 829.89 kg, which are superior to those of a traditional BF converter process. Considering domestic materials and fuels, hydrogen production and storage, and hydrogen reduction characteristics, we believe that a hydrogen-rich shaft furnace will be suitable in China. Hydrogen production and storage with an economic and large-scale industrialization will promote the further development of a full hydrogen shaft furnace.     

Two Modes and Criterion of Brittle Fracture

The plastic zone at the tip of the flaw (including acute cark and common notch) was investigated. For the notch specimen, a formula of toughness K_CR was proposed, and its physical meaning was emphasized.Two modes of brittle fracture was identified and the evaluating criterion was established.     

Review on Development of Pressure Injury Prevention Fabric

Pressure injury is a common postoperative complication of wheelchair users. It has a high incidence rate and can induce sepsis and even death. The fabrics that touch patients’ skin directly have a profound impact on their skin surfaces. This review summarizes the research in the last five years on the relationship between pressure injuries and fabrics. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses(PRISMA) statement, a systematic literature search is conducted i...