近间距隧道爆破地震效应的试验研究

为了解决层状岩体中采用钻爆法修建近距离双线隧道的爆破影响问题,基于现场试验,总结了爆破衰减规律.试验结果表明,新建隧道爆破时,振动速度随着与爆源距离的增大成非线性减小;振动速度具有很强的方向效应,迎爆面径向振动速度均大于切向振动,径向振动速度对既有隧道和新建隧道围岩的损伤起主导作用;采用上下台阶开挖时,上台阶爆破冲击波对既有隧道的影响比下台阶显著.根据萨道夫斯基回归公式给出了距爆源不同距离的单段最大装药量.将爆破对新建隧道本身围岩的损伤破坏和对相邻隧道的影响结合起来综合考虑,对层状岩体中隧道爆破参数进行了优化.     

减震孔在小间距隧道爆破开挖中的降振效应

为降低小间距隧道爆破开挖中爆破振动对既有隧道产生的影响,确保其正常运营,设置减震孔是一种有效的控爆措施。利用ANSYS/LS DYNA软件对减震孔在不同布置位置和形式的掏槽爆破进行数值模拟计算,发现:在传播方向上,随着减震孔与爆源距离L的增大,质点水平方向峰值振动速度和质点峰值振动速度先减小后增大,而质点垂直方向峰值振动速度相反。当距离L为1 m时,布置双排梅花形减震孔效果最好,减振效率为10%～20%,其中垂直方向减振效率最高达到45%,并将小间距既有隧道中墙体迎爆侧破坏作为安全评价基准。通过理论计算得出减震孔在隧道爆破中的衰减规律,为爆破振动强度的预测提供依据。     

城市暗挖隧道爆破地震波传播规律研究

城市暗挖隧道爆破施工引起的地表振动效应是影响地表建(构)筑物安全的重要因素之一。基于数值模拟、实测数据验证和量纲分析方法对不同埋深隧道爆破地震波在邻近地表一定范围内的反射叠加规律和地表振动速度衰减规律进行研究。研究结果表明:城市暗挖隧道爆破产生的地震波在邻近地表一定范围内会出现反射叠加现象,其影响范围随隧道埋深的增加而增大,反射叠加强度随隧道埋深的增加而减弱;论文提出考虑埋深影响的地表振动速度衰减计算公式能更好地反映地表振动速度的衰减规律。研究结果可为地震效应研究和工程施工提供参考。     

隧道爆破振动对古建筑影响的试验研究

结合南京地铁四号线鼓楼站区间隧道爆破开挖工程,通过现场试验的方法,得到了适用于现场地质条件下的三个方向上的萨道夫斯基预测公式,为爆破开挖设计提供参考。结果表明:地表质点垂直方向振动速度峰值距离爆源近时,比两个水平方向振动速度峰值大,远处时则最小;且在30 m内迅速衰减。鼓楼城阙垂直方向的振动速度峰值最大,碑楼水平方向的振动速度峰值最大,振动速度峰值随着药量增加总体上呈现增加,采取微差爆破可有效减小振动速度峰值。     

层状岩体中近邻双线隧道爆破的振动响应研究

近邻双线隧道爆破开挖时，为了避免新建隧道爆破施工产生的地震波危夏既有隧道的安全和稳定。基于数值模拟和现场试验，分析了层状岩体中采用钻爆法修建近距离双绒隧道的爆破振动响应．结果分析表明，对于既有隧道，迎爆面侧墙处的振动速度和反射拉应力最大，而且振动速度具有很强的方向效应，隧道径向振动速度大于切向振动速度，其规律与现场爆破试验结果有较好的一致性．将爆破对新建隧道本身围岩的振动损伤度和对相邻隧道的振动影响结合起来综合考虑，提出了层状岩体隧道爆破施工中减轻振动的几种措施。并对隧道爆破参数进行了优化．图7，表4，参8．     

隐伏岩溶区小净距隧道爆破振动规律

为研究隐伏岩溶区小净距隧道开挖及爆破振动对施工安全的影响规律,以贵州省里平II号隧道工程为依托,以隐伏岩溶区小净距隧道为研究对象,通过LS-DYNA对不同工况进行数值模拟及分析,得到了爆破振动效应下围岩的应力分布和位移变化情况,总结了隧道爆破地震波沿隧道轴向及衬砌环向的速度衰减规律,分析了振动速度峰值随溶洞直径大小及溶洞隧道距离大小的变化规律。研究结果表明：当溶洞直径一定时,围岩竖向位移、隧道拱顶监测点振动速度峰值随着溶洞与隧道之间距离的增大而减小;当溶洞与隧道之间的距离一定时,围岩竖向位移、隧道拱顶监测点振动速度峰值随溶洞直径的增大而减小;里平II号隧道中溶洞直径为2m且溶洞与隧道之间的距离为3m时,先行洞初衬最大主应力超出了混凝土抗拉强度,故爆破开挖前应对该位置进行加固处理,确保施工安全。可见,其分析结果可为指导隐伏岩溶区小净距隧道爆破施工提供可靠依据。     

地基加固对隧道下穿铁路路基车致动力响应的影响

通过现场测试及数值模拟，研究了地表铁路行车作用下地铁隧道下穿铁路路基系统的动力响应规律，分析了下穿节点地基加固体弹性模量、深度等参数对地表振动及地铁隧道结构的影响。研究结果表明：车致地表振动频率由列车轮对分布、轨枕间距及行车速度共同决定；地基加固增加了下穿系统的车致振动响应，降低了高频振动的衰减速度；提升加固体模量，会增大地表振动加速度；加固深度提升至隧道底部可有效降低隧道的附加动应力。     

地铁下穿既有铁路桥的爆破动力响应分析

以大连地铁2号线208标马湾区间浅埋暗挖隧道下穿魏台桥特殊地段为研究对象,通过三维有限元程序仿真模拟以及工程现场动态监测对比,研究爆破振动对既有构筑物的动力响应问题。研究结果表明:爆破地震波振动速度峰值在距爆源较近区域的衰减速度远大于爆源远区,同时沿深度方向的衰减速度大于水平方向;爆破地震波在构筑物中会出现两次或多次峰值振速,说明爆破冲击波具有强烈的多次反射性,对结构的破坏性也较大;不同深度处的监测点其振速达到峰值的时间和峰值大小均不同,越靠近爆源,受扰动的峰值越大,时间越短;近距离爆破会对既有隧道衬砌安全性产生很大影响,在既有隧道衬砌迎爆侧拱腰部位为薄弱区。     

轻轨隧道循环掘进爆破地震效应研究

以重庆轨道交通环线冉家坝浅埋轻轨隧道工程为背景,进行循环掘进的地表爆破震动效应试验.通过测量隧道地表不同位置处引起的振动速度波形,研究地表震动特性及爆破地震波的传播和衰减规律.试验研究分析发现,掌子面前后的地表振动速度存在显著地差异,已开挖成形隧道改变了岩体的整体结构,爆破振速存在放大效应,且放大后的爆破振速随距离的增大而减小,用常规的萨道夫公式预测成形隧道地表的振动速度误差较大,而通过编写matlab函数进行数据统计、多元线性回归分析求出广义的爆破震动速度计算公式,预测成形隧道地表振动速度误差较小.所以广义的爆破震动速度公式预测成形隧道地表振动速度值得推广.     

城市浅埋小净距隧道爆破振动响应及现场监测分析

以福州轨道交通2号线洋里站南端区间隧道为工程背景,当右线隧道开挖至50m,左线隧道开挖至25m时,通过有限元分析软件Ls-dyna建立三维隧道计算模型,分析左线隧道爆破开挖对右线隧道的影响,并结合现场监测数据进行验证。结果表明:当最大齐发药量为2kg,左线隧道爆破开挖对右线隧道产生的最大拉应力为1.28MPa,最大压应力为2.73MPa,最大压应力滞后于最大拉应力产生;右线迎爆侧拱腰部位处的最大振速值为33.0cm/s,对右线隧道造成的影响较大;现场爆破振动监测结果与模拟结果比较接近,距离爆源最近的振动监测点各方向振速最大,监测点振速随掌子面距离逐渐减小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that