钛钢复合板弯曲过程的扫描电镜原位观察

为了研究钛钢复合板在弯曲过程中的断裂行为,利用扫描电镜原位观察了爆炸和爆炸--轧制两种工艺生产的钛钢复合板在弯曲过程中裂纹的萌生和扩展.结果表明:外弯过程裂纹萌生的角度小于内弯过程,钛钢复合板内弯比外弯具有更强的抗裂纹产生能力.在爆炸钛钢复合板的弯曲过程中,裂纹主要在波头的界面结合处和漩涡中心处萌生;在爆炸--轧制钛钢复合板的弯曲过程中,裂纹在Ti--Fe金属间化合物硬块界面处萌生.产生裂纹的主要原因爆炸钛钢复合板的波头界面结合处和漩涡中心处、爆炸--轧制钛钢复合板的界面块状Ti--Fe金属间化合物具有较高的硬度,在变形的过程中难以协调变形.     

热轧不锈钢复合板界面组织与拉伸断裂的研究

本文借助SEM、EDS和EPMA等分析了热轧不锈钢复合板界面组织及拉伸断口特征,结果表明:复合板结合界面存在元素扩散现象,不同元素扩散距离不同从而导致形成特殊带状组织;无Ni结合界面的拉伸断口呈沿晶断裂特征;含Ni结合界面因元素扩散受到抑制,拉伸断口呈韧性断裂特征,其界面抗剪强度相比无Ni结合界面虽有所下降,但仍远大于国标要求的210 MPa。拉伸断裂过程动态抓拍结果显示:复合板结合界面先发生曲折开裂,随后基层与复层发生不同步断裂。     

TA2-Q235B爆炸复合板钢侧组织特征

借助光学显微镜、电子背散射衍射和扫描电子显微镜等测试技术和手段,系统地研究热处理温度对TA2--Q235B爆炸复合板钢侧组织转变的影响,并分析了其形成机理.结果表明:在热处理过程中,钢侧界面组织发生脱碳,形成完全由铁素体组织组成的脱碳层,这些铁素体没有织构特征;当热处理温度在850℃及以下时,钢侧界面组织在靠近波头漩涡的地方发生异常长大,形成粗大的铁素体;当热处理温度在900℃及以上时,钢侧界面组织在钛钢复合界面上发生异常长大,产生柱状的铁素体组织.这些组织的形成受到碳元素的扩散和钢侧基体组织相变的共同作用.热处理过程中,界面产生的TiC在界面上分布不均,随温度升高,在界面局部富集,从而加速了碳元素向界面的扩散.     

碳扩散对非真空热轧不锈钢复合板结合性能的影响

采用非真空热轧方法制备304不锈钢/Q235碳钢复合板材,利用OM、SEM、EDS等研究了不同压下率和轧后冷却方式下复合界面夹杂物、界面组织及力学行为的演变,并分析了C扩散对复合板界面组织形成及结合强度的影响。结果表明,随着轧制压下率的增加,界面夹杂物由块状向线型、连续点状乃至弥散点状分布变化。当压下率较低(28%)时,复合板剪切断裂位于结合界面处,随着压下率增加至47%及以上,复合板断裂位置为脱碳铁素体区。另外,热轧复合板经水冷工艺处理后,由于冷却速率较快,要抑制碳钢侧C元素的扩散,避免复合界面处脱碳区域的形成,从而提高了复合界面的结合强度。     

A novel diffusion model considering curvature radius at the bonding interface in a titanium/steel explosive clad plate

This article introduces an element diffusion behavior model for a titanium/steel explosive clad plate characterized by a typical curved interface during the heat-treatment process. A series of heat-treatment experiments were conducted in the temperature range from 750℃ to 950℃, and the effects of heat-treatment parameters on the microstructural evolution and diffusion behavior were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron-probe microanalysis. Carbon atoms within the steel matrix were observed to diffuse toward the titanium matrix and to aggregate at the bonding interface at 850℃ or lower; in contrast, when the temperature exceeded 850℃, the mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe occurred, along with the diffusion of C atoms, resulting in the formation of Ti–Fe intermetallics (Fe₂Ti/FeTi). The diffusion distances of C, Ti, and Fe atoms increased with increasing heating temperature and/or holding time. On the basis of this diffusion behavior, a novel diffusion model was proposed. This model considers the effects of various factors, including the curvature radius of the curved interface, the diffusion coefficient, the heating temperature, and the holding time. The experimental results show good agreement with the calculated values. The proposed model could clearly provide a general prediction of the elements’ diffusion at both straight and curved interfaces.     

双金属复合板矫直过程的弯曲及弹复解析

基于工程弹塑性力学建立了不同组坯方式下双金属复合板弯曲矫直过程截面弹塑性状态演变路径的解析模型。基于该模型分析不锈钢复合板矫直过程中的弯曲回弹特性,解释复合板弯曲回弹过程中截面的反向屈服现象,并将不锈钢复合板与单一材料板材弯曲过程进行对比。研究结果表明：双金属复合板在弯曲过程中截面会经历五种弹塑性状态,并伴随着不同的中性层偏移规律,弯曲回弹后的残余应力分布与单一材料板相比更加不均匀且可能进入反向屈服状态;复合板与单一材料板材的弯矩相对差值随着屈服强度比的增大而增大,其绝对值随着弯曲曲率先增大后减小。     

TT610L大梁钢冷弯裂纹原因分析

TT610L汽车大梁钢板经冷弯加工时在折弯部位外侧出现裂纹,为查找开裂原因,对试验钢进行了力学性能、OM、SEM及EDS分析.结果表明:对沿厚度方向开裂的试样来说,其夹杂物主要为Al2O3和SiO2,对表皮开裂的试样来说,其夹杂物主要为SiO2,由于这些夹杂物的异常偏聚造成了TT610L大梁钢的冷弯开裂.通过连铸工艺的优化,稳定了拉速,有效地解决了试验钢冷弯裂纹开裂问题.     

表面处理方式对钛/钢复合板界面结合性能的影响

采用真空制坯轧制复合法,在相同的加热温度、轧制道次和压下量等工艺条件下,分别对钢丝刷打磨、酸洗和带水砂带机打磨的表面处理方式,研究了3组钛/钢复合板的界面组织和力学性能.分析了表面处理方式对界面结合性能的影响.结果表明:带水砂带机表面处理方式下的钛/钢复合界面生成连续均匀的TiC层,剪切断口呈韧窝状,界面剪切强度稳定,平均强度达到242.6MPa.其他两种表面处理方式下的钛/钢复合板界面生成断续的TiC层,其剪切强度均未满足国家标准.     

钛钢复合板表面结构及与有机涂层的结合性能

利用高能喷涂技术制备钛钢复合板,喷钛涂层中将不可避免会产生孔隙和裂纹,这将降低钛钢复合板的性能,为此采用几类市售有机涂料以及实验室自制的纳米改性丙烯酸涂料对喷钛涂层进行封孔处理.利用扫描电镜分析了喷钛涂层的表面结构以及与有机涂层的结合形貌,同时通过电化学测试和盐雾试验对比了不同有机涂层/钛钢复合板的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,采用纳米TiO2,SiO2改性的丙烯酸涂料更适合用作喷钛涂层的封闭涂料,能够与喷钛涂层起协同作用共同保护底材.     

钛合金与不锈钢的相变超塑性扩散焊接

在航天、化工等领域经常需要对钛合金和不锈钢进行焊接.不锈钢和钛合金的复合构件能充分发挥2种材料的优点,并能节约宝贵的钛资源.利用相变超塑性扩散焊接方法,在Gleeble-1500D型热模拟试验机上对TA17钛合金与0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了焊接试验,并对热循环上限温度的影响、接头拉伸强度、断口形貌、显微组织、物相组成和元素成分分布等进行了分析.结果发现,焊接接头中形成了TiFe、TiFe2、固溶体等物相,而且随着上限温度的升高,断口上金属间化合物所占面积比例增大,从而造成接头强度降低.     

离心浇铸挤压复合钢管界面组织与性能

采用离心浇铸挤压工艺制备了20Cr/1Cr18Ni9Ti复合钢管. 通过扫描电镜研究了试制复合钢管界面区域的显微组织,利用拉伸实验和热疲劳实验测试了其力学性能. 结果表明,采用离心浇铸挤压工艺生产的复合钢管实现了界面完全冶金结合,界面结合强度大大提高,界面处存在的过渡区增强了复合管的加工、使用性能. 采用此新工艺生产的复合钢管具有较好的组织和性能,并且工序简短,生产成本低.     

Characterization of Cu-Ti powder metallurgical materials

Powder metallurgical Cu-Ti alloys with different titanium additions produced by hot pressing were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and hardness, wear and bending tests. The addition of titanium to copper caused the formation of different intermetallic layers around titanium particles. The titanium content of the intermetallics decreased from the center of the particle to the copper matrix. The hardness, wear resistance, and bending strength of the materials increased with increasing Ti content, whereas strain in the bending test decreased. Worn surface analyses showed that different wear mechanisms were active during the wear test of specimens with different chemical compositions. Changes in the properties of the materials with titanium addition were explained by the high hardness of different Cu-Ti intermetallic phases.     

Effects of heat treatment on the intermetallic compounds and mechanical properties of the stainless steel 321-aluminum 1230 explosive-welding interface

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of intermetallic compounds in the interface of stainless steel 321 explosively bonded to aluminum 1230 were investigated in this study. Experimental investigations were performed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and microhardness and shear tensile strength testing. Prior to heat treatment, increasing the stand-off distance between samples from 1 to 2.5 mm caused their interface to become wavy and the thickness of intermetallic layers to increase from 3.5 to 102.3 μm. The microhardness increased from HV 766 in the sample prepared at a stand-off distance of 1 mm to HV 927 in the sample prepared at a stand-off distance of 2.5 mm; in addition, the sample strength increased from 103.2 to 214.5 MPa. Heat treatment at 450℃ for 6 h increased the thickness of intermetallic compound layers to 4.4 and 118.5 μm in the samples prepared at stand-off distances of 1 and 2.5 mm, respectively. These results indicated that increasing the duration and temperature of heat treatment decreased the microhardness and strength of the interface of explosively welded stainless steel 321-Al 1230 and increased the thickness of the intermetallic region.     

钎焊-热轧法制备高速公路不锈钢复合护栏

针对当前高速公路热镀锌护栏存在的主要问题,提出采用不锈钢/碳钢复合板作为新型高速公路护栏材料.研究了钎焊-热轧法制备不锈钢复合护栏的工艺,技术路线为通过炉中钎焊实现不锈钢/碳钢的初结合,对钎焊复合板进行热轧进一步提高结合强度.研究结果表明:采用自制的Ag质量分数为15%的钎料可以实现不锈钢/碳钢有效的钎焊结合,钎焊温度720~730℃,钎焊时间3~4 min是较理想的工艺条件.对钎焊复合板热轧可以显著提高不锈钢/钎料界面的结合强度,压下率低于30%时,轧后钎料层未出现断裂、分层.热轧后,不锈钢复合护栏剪切强度可达338.4 MPa.     

钢纤维混凝土梁抗剪强度截面分析方法

在修正压力场理论和钢纤维混凝土梁受弯理论的基础上建立了钢纤维混凝土梁抗剪强度的截面分析方法,考虑了钢纤维混凝土梁裂缝处的局部应力控制条件.通过对采用3条不同钢纤维混凝土受拉应力-应变曲线的计算结果与试验结果比较,建议了考虑受拉强化效应的受拉应力-应变曲线.此外讨论了计算模型中裂缝局部控制条件对抗剪强度计算结果的影响.对44根剪跨比大于2.0的钢纤维混凝土梁进行了分析,分析结果与试验值吻合很好.     

铜／钢液固相复合界面冶金行为的研究

以液固相复合法生产的铜包钢线为研究对象,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜的能谱等手段分析了铜／钢界面区的组织形态和成分组成。结果表明：在界面区发生了互扩散,形成了Fe、Cu固溶体,无脆性的金属间化合物产生,这使得该复合材料具有较好的微观结合力。     

高强度双相钢板拉弯成形断裂的微观组织形貌分析

引入拉弯比来表征高强度双相钢板在不同凸模圆角半径下的拉弯应力状态,根据不同的拉弯比判定不同的成形断裂模式,在剪切断裂试验平台上进行双相钢板的拉弯试验,并对断裂试样的微观组织形貌进行分析.结果表明:高强度双相钢的剪切断裂属于韧性断裂;凸模圆角半径越小及板料强度越高,板料越容易发生剪切断裂.     

钢-混凝土组合沉管结构抗剪机理

以深圳至中山跨海通道沉管隧道设计方案为研究背景,建立沉管节段的精细化非线性有限元模型,进行四点反弯矩剪切试验仿真模拟.结果表明,在隧道横向,横隔钢板和混凝土分别承担斜向拉力和斜向压力,两者形成主要的受力体系;在隧道纵向,混凝土内未发现明显的横向应力分布变化;角钢连接件主要承担格室面板与混凝土间的剪力传递,拉拔作用不明显;在结构弹性状态下,各连接件抗剪刚度相近、剪力分布均匀;连接件附近混凝土开裂后逐步退出工作,但并不影响结构继续承载;剪切破坏过程表现为结构依次发生混凝土弯剪开裂、连接件处混凝土开裂、横隔钢板屈服,最终因混凝土剪切斜裂缝贯通达到结构极限承载力.     

Effects of precipitates and inclusions on the fracture toughness of hot rolling X70 pipeline steel plates

In order to investigate the fracture toughness, crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) experiments were conducted on two X70 pipeline steel plates with different rolling processes. After the experiments, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to observe the microstructure and fracture morphology. The effects of precipitates on the fracture toughness and the crack initiation mechanism induced by inclusions were analyzed. The CTOD result shows that the steel with a lower finishing cooling temperature has a higher fracture toughness. Inclusions with different shapes and two kinds of precipitates with different sizes were observed. It can be concluded that precipitates with different sizes have different effects and mechanisms on the fracture toughness. Distinguished from the earlier researches, inclusions enriched in silicon can be also served as the crack initiation.     

混杂钢纤维增强超高性能水泥基材料力学性能分析

采用平直型超细钢纤维与压痕型中长钢纤维混杂,系统研究了混杂比例对超高性能水泥基复合材料(UHPCC)流动性能、力学行为的影响,以及纤维外形对界面粘结力的影响.研究表明,随压痕型钢纤维掺入量增加,新拌浆体的流动度下降;在纤维体积率一定时,2种纤维等比例混杂,材料的抗压、拉伸、弯曲强度与弯曲韧性等力学性能为最佳;当水胶比固定时,压痕钢纤维与基体界面粘结力大于平直型超细钢纤维.试验还表明,2种纤维混杂在不同结构、不同尺度和不同时间层次对抑制裂缝的生成和扩展分别发挥作用,两者协同作用使材料总体力学性能显著提升.