海洛因成瘾者免疫系统超微病理变化研究

应用透射电镜对4例海洛因成瘾者脾脏、淋巴结和胸腺进行观察。探讨了海洛因成瘾者免疫系统超微病理损害。结果表明:脾脏淋巴细胞数量减少,核内假包涵体形成;淋巴结内淋巴细胞数量减少,多见细胞凋亡,胞浆内细胞器减少,核内假包涵体形成;胸腺T淋巴细胞胞浆内线粒体肿胀,胞浆成分少,核异染色质少。认为海洛因成瘾者免疫系统存在萎缩和退行性改变,机体免疫功能下降。     

海洛因成效是脉象异常的分析

提取生物医学信号中的特征信息,为医学诊断提供决策支持,是生物医学工程发展的一个重要方向。利用谱估计的方法,对15例海洛因成瘾者和15例正常人的脉博信号的功率谱进行了分析,计算了每一功率谱特定频段上的功率分布,发现海洛因成瘾者和正常人的脉搏信号的功率分布有显著,差异并给出了初步的判据,由此判据,15例海洛因成瘾者中的13例予以辨别。研究结果表明,海洛因成瘾者脉搏信号的频域分析是一种有效的方法。     

萨提亚治疗模式的团体辅导对海洛因成瘾者外显自尊、内隐自尊的影响

为探讨萨提亚治疗模式的团体辅导对提高海洛因成瘾者外显自尊水平、内隐自尊水平的效果,通过前期的被试访谈,以配对对照研究的方法,将16名强制戒毒人员分为实验组和控制组,每组各8人,仅实验组接受为期8周的萨提亚治疗模式的团体辅导干预;在干预前后分别使用自尊量表(SES)和内隐联结测试(IAT)对2组进行测查.结果发现:经过8周的萨提亚团体辅导干预,实验组内隐自尊有显著的提高(F=8.18,p<0.01),外显自尊前后测差异不显著(F=0.75,p=0.41);控制组内隐自尊前后差异不显著(F=1.60,p=0.25),外显自尊差异也不显著(F=0.69,p=0.43).认为萨提亚治疗模式的团辅辅导有助于提高海洛因成瘾者内隐自尊水平,对于外显自尊水平的干预效果不明显.     

内源性甲醛及其相关人类重大疾病

虽然关于环境中存在的甲醛对人类健康的危害已经有了大量报道,但是体内产生的内源性甲醛及其所导致的相关疾病研究却相对较少．甲醛普遍存在于人体的各个系统,特别是中枢神经系统、循环系统、消化及泌尿系统等．甲醛能与一些重要生物分子,如蛋白质、DNA、RNA及神经递质等发生化学反应,并影响其结构与功能．合成与降解代谢失衡可能是造成甲醛在体内蓄积和过量的原因．研究显示,。内源性甲醛与衰老、神经细胞变性、肿瘤细胞分裂增殖等,特别与神经退行性疾病密切相关．     

神经系统中的缝隙连接及通讯调节

缝隙连接(gap junction,GJ)是细胞之间进行通讯的直接通道．中枢神经系统中广泛存在这种结构．一些小分子代谢产物和第二信使分子(Ca^ ,IP3,cAMP和ATP)能扩散通过这一结构,这种信使分子的交换为神经细胞提供了短距离和长距离的信息通讯．神经细胞之间的缝隙连接也为神经细胞的同步化活动提供了物质基础．神经细胞之间的GJ通讯受多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素、5-HT和NO等多种物质的调节．     

少数民族大学生网络成瘾及相关因素研究

目的:了解少数民族大学生网络成瘾的特点,并对其相关因素进行探讨.结果:少数民族大学生网络成瘾倾向在男女性别上有显著差异,网络成瘾者对社交成功倾向于外控性归因,网络成瘾者与非成瘾者在网络娱乐活动使用上有显著差异,网络成瘾者与非成瘾者在自我和谐上差异显著.网络成瘾者与非成瘾者在人性信任水平上无显著差异.     

青少年网络成瘾者心理特征研究

目的分析青少年网络成瘾者的心理问题,研究比较网络成瘾者与一般青少年的心理特征。方法采用中文网络成瘾量表问卷、人际关系量表、自尊量表、中学生生活压力量表、贝克忧郁量表作为研究工具,对在校青少年网络成瘾者进行测试。结果青少年网络成瘾者表现为人际关系不良、低自尊、生活压力大或抑郁感等,这些心理特征与青少年网络成瘾现象有较高的相关。结论要积极开展科学的网络心理教育,加强对青少年网络成瘾者的心理干预。     

少数民族大学生网络成瘾及相关因素研究

目的：了解少数民族大学生网络成瘾的特点,并对其相关因素进行探讨.结果：少数民族大学生网络成瘾倾向在男女性别上有显著差异,网络成瘾者对社交成功倾向于外控性归因,网络成瘾者与非成瘾者在网络娱乐活动使用上有显著差异,网络成瘾者与非成瘾者在自我和谐上差异显著.网络成瘾者与非成瘾者在人性信任水平上无显著差异.     

依达拉奉的临床应用及进展

依达拉奉通过自由基清除及保护内质网机能等多种途径,对缺血再灌注损伤、神经细胞凋亡、变性等神经系统疾病有一定的治疗作用,是一种颇有临床应用前景的自由基清除剂.     

黄脸油葫芦中枢神经系统的组织解剖学研究

应用解剖镜和光镜观察了黄脸油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi and Matsuura))中枢神经系统的组织解剖学结构，并对脑和各体神经节的组织学结构进行了比较．结果表明，黄脸油葫芦的中枢神经系统由脑、食道下神经节和腹神经索组成；前、中、后脑分化明显，腹神经索包括三对胸神经节、五对腹神经节及纵贯各神经节的神经索；脑和各体神经节的组织学结构相似，由外向内依次是神经鞘、神经细胞层和髓质层；脑的髓质层复杂，其中含有四种由神经细胞球体和神经纤维束形成的脑体，一对蕈状体、一个脑桥体、一个中央体及一对脑腹体。     

Molecular cloning and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor

During the development of the vertebrate nervous system, many neurons depend for survival on interactions with their target cells. Specific proteins are thought to be released by the target cells and to play an essential role in these interactions. So far, only one such protein, nerve growth factor, has been fully characterized. This has been possible because of the extraordinarily (and unexplained) large quantities of this protein in some adult tissues that are of no relevance to the developing nervous system. Whereas the dependency of many neurons on their target cells for normal development, and the restricted neuronal specificity of nerve growth factor have long suggested the existence of other such proteins, their low abundance has rendered their characterization difficult. Here we report the full primary structure of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This very rare protein is known to promote the survival of neuronal populations that are all located either in the central nervous system or directly connected with it. The messenger RNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor was found predominantly in the central nervous system, and the sequence of the protein indicates that it is structurally related to nerve growth factor. These results establish that these two neurotrophic factors are related both functionally and structurally.     

家禽睾丸主要神经递质分布及其功能的研究进展

睾丸是雄禽最重要的生殖器官,睾丸组织中的神经系统对精子的产生、雄激素的分泌等生殖功能具有十分关键的作用.神经系统通常由大量的神经元构成,突触是神经元之间的接触点,也是信息传递的关键部位.突触传递过程是由神经递质释放并作用于突触后膜完成的.因此,研究家禽睾丸神经递质的种类、分布及其相关功能对进一步了解家禽生殖功能具有十分重要的意义.本文主要概述胆碱能、胺能、肽能以及氨基酸能等神经系统中较为典型的神经递质,为睾丸神经调控方面的研究提供一定的参考资料.     

Trophic regulation of nerve cell morphology and innervation in the autonomic nervous system

A remarkable feature of nerve cells is the complex and variable pattern of their axonal and dendritic branches. Quantitative studies of a simple part of the nervous system in mammals provide evidence that neuronal geometry and innervation are regulated by long-term trophic interactions between neurons and their targets. This trophic linkage may explain how nerve cells adjust their function to the needs of bodies that vary markedly in size and form.     

东方簇盾吸虫神经系统的研究

应用乙酰胆碱酯酶定位方法对东方簇盾吸虫(Lophotaspis orientalis Faust and Tang,1936)成虫的神经系统进行了研究.成虫的神经系统十分复杂,包括中枢神经结、脑神经联合、纵行的神经干、横向的神经连合.中枢神经结位于咽前部两侧,有1粗大的脑神经联合连接.在脑神经联合的下方有1个小的环形的结构.中枢神经结向前发出1对前背神经干和1对前侧神经干,这2对神经干向前的分支汇入围口腔的神经环.中枢神经结向后发出1对后背神经干和1对后腹神经干.后背神经干之间有横向的神经相连,在体末端与后腹神经干相汇合.后腹神经干最为粗大,并在虫体末端汇合,它在腹盘处有2对分支进入腹盘,前1对与腹盘边缘神经相连,后1对贯穿腹盘,其分支构成腹吸盘内复杂的神经网.腹吸盘的指状突起内也有神经分支.     

Distribution of growth hormone-like immunoreactive cells and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri

Using immunohistochemical method and double staining technique, the localization of growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus has been investigated. The results showed that the growth hormone-like nerve cells and endocrine cells as well as three subtypes of somatostatin receptors exist in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit, and GH-like nerve cells and endocrine cells co-exist with three subtypes of somatostatin receptors in the brain vesicle and Hatschek's pit. It is suggested that a primitive control system of inhibitory growth hormone secretion in Hatschek's pit could have been developed in amphioxus, as in vertebrates. The present study provides new evidence for the endocrinology and the evolution of Hatschek's pit.     

Distribution of growth hormone-like immunoreactive cells and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek''s pit of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri

Using immunohistochemical method and double staining technique, the localization of growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus has been investigated. The results showed that the growth hormone-like nerve cells and endocrine cells as well as three subtypes of somatostatin receptors exist in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit, and GH-like nerve cells and endocrine cells co-exist with three subtypes of somatostatin receptors in the brain vesicle and Hatschek's pit. It is suggested that a primitive control system of inhibitory growth hormone secretion in Hatschek's pit could have been developed in amphioxus, as in vertebrates. The present study provides new evidence for the endocrinology and the evolution of Hatschek's pit.     

Distribution of growth hormone-like immunoreactive cells and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek''''s pit of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri

Using immunohistochemical method and double staining technique, the localization of growth hormone (GH) and somatostatin receptors in the nervous system and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus has been investigated. The results showed that the growth hormone-like nerve cells and endocrine cells as well as three subtypes of somatostatin receptors exist in the nervous system and Hatschek s pit, and GH-like nerve cells and endocrine cells co-exist with three subtypes of somatostatin receptors in the brain vesicle and Hatschek s pit. It is suggested that a primitive control system of inhibitory growth hormone secretion in Hatschek s pit could have been developed in amphioxus, as in vertebrates. The present study provides new evidence for the endocrinology and the evolution of Hatschek's pit.     

Retinofugal fibres change conduction velocity and diameter between the optic nerve and tract in ferrets

In earlier studies of central nervous fibre tracts, it was tacitly assumed that individual axons are relatively uniform along their length. In the retinofugal pathway in particular, axon diameter, myelin thickness and correlated conduction properties have been treated as constant throughout the optic nerve, chiasm and tract. We report here that the conduction velocities of fibres contributing to the early components of the compound action potential are significantly greater in the optic tract than in the optic nerve of ferrets, and also that the diameters of the largest retinofugal fibres increase from nerve to tract. This observation raises significant questions about the developmental mechanisms in the central nervous system that relate the axons, their diameters, and the glia with which they are myelinated. In addition, it indicates that studies that have relied on the constancy of conduction velocity along the retinofugal course may require reappraisal.     

外周神经的溃变与再生

本文阐述了外周神经溃变的几种类型,诸如顺行性变性;逆行性变性;跨神经元变性及其它变性.其中包括外周神经系统的变性,也涉及到中枢神经系统.当轴突受到破坏后,几种变性都可能发生.轴突的再生过程非常重要,但它必须是在神经元胞体完好无损的情况下才能进行.此过程与几种因素相关.