微波辅助提取虎杖中白藜芦醇苷

用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定白藜芦醇苷的含量,并以白藜芦醇苷的提取率为参考指标,通过单因素实验及正交实验方法对微波辅助提取法（MAE）提取虎杖中白藜芦醇苷的最佳工艺进行研究。HPLC法的色谱分析条件为：ODS-C18色谱柱（长度×直径为200 mm×4.6 mm）,以40%（体积分数）的甲醇水溶液为流动相,流速为1 mL/min;检测波长为303 nm。研究结果表明,微波辅助提取白藜芦醇苷的最佳工艺条件为：10.000 g虎杖粗粉（2-3 mm）浸泡2 h,用70%（体积分数）乙醇水溶液提取2次,料液比为1-8,在功率650 W下微波辐射100 s,白藜芦醇苷的提取率达到91%。     

酶解法对提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的应用及工艺优化

在酶法提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的过程中,对原料经酶解处理后的乙醇提取工艺进行研究.研究结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件是:体积分数为40%乙醇,以液固比20:1,在40℃提取40 min,提取次数为1次.与原料未经酶解处理的直接醇提法的提取工艺条件比较,原料经酶解处理后,可以在较低的乙醇浓度、较低的温度下,提取较短的时间即可达到较好的提取效果.经HPLC分析,从虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的得率达13.85 mg/g,粗提物中白藜芦醇纯度达22.7%.     

虎杖中白藜芦醇的提取工艺

虎杖属于蓼科草本植物,具有多种药理作用。虎杖中的有效成分,具有改善血液微循环、强心、止咳平喘、防氧化、保肝、降三高的作用,对细菌和病毒也有抑制作用。为有效提取虎杖中白藜芦醇,采用乙醇回流法和超声波法进行研究,并进行溶剂(乙酸乙酯)萃取初步纯化和吸附树脂纯化条件筛选,考察不同单因素对虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的影响,并采用正交法对提取工艺进行优化,确定最佳提取工艺。结果表明:乙醇回流法优化提取工艺条件下白藜芦醇的提取率为1.30%,超声波辅助法最优提取条件下白藜芦醇的提取率为1.36%。针对超声波辅助工艺的溶剂萃取初步纯化,得到纯度为74.98%的白藜芦醇,经过大孔树脂分离纯化后,纯度达89.07%,收率为95.09%。经过萃取和大孔树脂吸附后,白藜芦醇的纯度明显提高。     

均匀设计法优选虎杖白藜芦醇的提取工艺

目的优选超声波法提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺。方法本研究以虎杖中白藜芦醇的提取量和吸光度值为考察指标,通过均匀设计法实验研究4个因素对提取效果的影响。结果实验得到从虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的最佳工艺为：100％乙醇-丙酮（1：1）,料液比为（1：25）,pH=6,浸泡时间24h,超声温度为30℃,提取时间为30min,平均2次提取,提取率为0．390％。结论该实验确定的最佳提取工艺简便易行。     

酶解法提取虎杖中的白藜芦醇

目的研究虎杖中白藜芦醇的最佳提取工艺。方法采用L9(34)正交实验,以白黎芦醇的提取率为评价指标。结果实验设计因素中酶解加水量、酶解时间和提取溶剂用量对白藜芦醇的提取率有显著影响。结论酶解法提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的最佳条件为:纤维素酶用量20mg/g,酶解加水量3倍,酶解时间6d,提取溶剂用量9倍。酶解法提高了虎杖中白藜芦醇的提取率。     

响应面法优化虎杖中反式白藜芦醇的提取工艺及抑菌活性

采用响应面分析法优化了虎杖中反式白藜芦醇的提取工艺,其最优提取工艺条件为:以体积分数79%乙醇为溶剂,53℃回流提取1.1h;此条件下白藜芦醇提取量为5.912mg/g,与理论值5.918mg/g接近。产物经红外和质谱鉴定为反式白藜芦醇(纯度99.8%)。考察了经分离纯化后的反式白藜芦醇对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌作用,结果表明所得反式白藜芦醇具有抑菌活性,10h后质量浓度为0.125mg/mL的反式白藜芦醇对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率为80%,而质量浓度为1.00mg/mL的反式白藜芦醇对大肠杆菌的抑菌率为40%。     

超声波辅助提取虎杖中白藜芦醇工艺研究

目的优选超声波辅助提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺。方法通过L16（4^5）正交实验研究5个因素不同水平对虎杖中白藜芦醇提取率的影响,采用紫外-可见分光光度法进行检测。结果经过正交实验得到从虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的最佳工艺为：以80％的CH3CH2OH＋CH3COCH3（体积比1：1）为提取剂,料液比1：10,pH=6,在30℃超声辅助提取50min,重复提取两次,虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的提取率可以达到1．83％。结论该实验确定的最佳提取工艺稳定性好且简便易行,且白藜芦醇的提取率高于有关报道。     

花生壳中提取白藜芦醇的工艺研究

白藜芦醇是一种重要的活性天然产物,本实验以花生壳为原料,通过微波法和超声波法对白藜芦醇的提取工艺进行研究,分别考察了料液比,乙醇浓度,超声作用时间,微波时间、水浴时间、温度等对提取率的影响.通过单因素实验和正交实验分别确定微波法和超声波法提取花生壳中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺条件.实验结果表明:最佳工艺条件下,微波法和超声波法提取的得率分别是:0.0047%和0.0035%.微波法的得率略高于超声波法.     

微波辅助提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的工艺研究

试验以虎杖白藜芦醇的提取率为指标,选择乙醇浓度、微波处理时间、料液浸泡时间以及料液比4个因素分别进行单因素试验,得出各因素对提取率的影响大小依次为:料液比>微波处理时间>乙醇浓度,而浸泡时间在实验范围(1h)内基本无影响.对影响较大的三个因素采用L9(33)正交试验设计确定最佳提取工艺:乙醇浓度为60%,微波提取时间为80s,料液比为1:10(g:mL),在最佳工艺条件下虎杖白藜芦醇提取率最高可达0.423%.     

Research on the extraction technology of resveratrol from the peanut shells

白藜芦醇是一种重要的活性天然产物,本实验以花生壳为原料,通过微波法和超声波法对白藜芦醇的提取工艺进行研究,分别考察了料液比,乙醇浓度,超声作用时间,微波时间、水浴时间、温度等对提取率的影响.通过单因素实验和正交实验分别确定微波法和超声波法提取花生壳中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺条件.实验结果表明:最佳工艺条件下,微波法和超声波法提取的得率分别是:0.0047％和0.0035％.微波法的得率略高于超声波法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.