穿水钢筋的焊接工艺特点

穿水钢筋的特点是含碳量低,因此淬火回火后的表层边缘组织是强度和韧性都较高的回火低碳马氏体十回火索氏体,中心组织是细小的铁素体＋珠光体,这对焊接是一个非常有利的因素,很有可能在一般闪光对焊的条件下,获得性能与母材相近的热影响区。     

高硫钢中硫化物对组织转变的影响

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析对高硫钢组织进行研究.结果表明,铸态组织中球状或纺锤状硫化物分布于珠光体与铁素体枝晶之间,且靠近硫化物处为铁素体;热处理之后基体组织发生了显著的变化,硫化物周围基体碳含量较少,淬火后形成板条状马氏体,且880℃淬火后形成的马氏体较850℃淬火后的粗大;低温回火后基体组织转变成回火马氏体,且随着回火温度的升高,钢的硬度下降.     

回火温度对30CrMoSiA钢复合组织强度的影响

研究了30CrMoSiA钢中回火温度对（M（马氏体）＋F（铁素体）双相组织，M＋F＋B（贝氏体）＋AR（残余奥氏体）多相复合组织，及其强度的影响。结果表明：经预淬火的多相复全组织，随回火温度的提高，强度和塑性同时增加，直到450℃以上才明显降低。这与该组织中纤维形态复相区的残留奥氏体的稳定性、分解过程、以及延缓碳化物的沉淀和聚集有关。而未经预淬火的块状多相复合组织、M＋F双相组织经回火后的强度主要与M性能变化有关。而屈服强度则取决于复相中塑性相经回火后的性能变化。     

预处理组织对低碳钢IQ&P工艺下组织及性能影响

采用γ单相区和γ+α双相区轧制并淬火工艺以及双相区再加热-淬火-碳配分( IQ&P)工艺,研究预处理组织对低碳钢室温状态多相组织特征及力学性能的影响规律. 实验用低碳钢经两种工艺轧制并淬火处理,获得马氏体和马氏体+铁素体的预处理组织,再经双相区IQ&P工艺处理后均获得多相组织. 马氏体预处理钢的室温组织由板条状亚温铁素体、块状回火马氏体以及一定比例的针状未回火马氏体和8. 2%的针状残余奥氏体组成;马氏体+铁素体预处理钢由板条状亚温铁素体、块状和针状未回火马氏体以及14. 3%的短针状或块状残余奥氏体组成. 在相同的双相区IQ&P工艺参数下,预处理组织为马氏体的钢抗拉强度为770 MPa,伸长率为28%,其强塑积为21560 MPa·%;而预处理组织为马氏体+铁素体的钢抗拉强度为834 MPa,伸长率增大到36. 2%,强塑积达到30190 MPa·%,获得强度与塑性的优良结合.     

基于计算机模拟技术探究风电主轴热处理过程

基于计算机模拟技术,对42CrMo4合金钢风电主轴热处理过程进行了有限元模拟,对热处理过程中温度场、应力场、相场及硬度场的变化进行了分析。模拟结果表明,水淬过程会产生较大应力,最大应力为354 MPa,回火能够降低由水淬产生的应力,对应的最大应力降低到119MPa;主轴水淬后获得马氏体量占比约为10%,最高硬度达到50.9 HRC,其硬度的增加和马氏体含量成正比;经过高温回火,马氏体可以转变为回火索氏体,硬度降为30 HRC;主轴经热处理后最终的组织为珠光体+贝氏体+回火索氏体+铁素体,硬度范围为26.8～30 HRC,证明可以用计算机模拟技术预测大型锻件热处理结果,为制定热处理工艺提供理论依据。     

超声无损表征30Mn2SiV钢复杂混合组织探讨

采用超声水浸线聚焦技术和频谱分析方法,研究了控轧控冷工艺生产的非调质D级抽油杆用钢30Mn2SiV复杂混合组织状态的超声无损表征方法,确定了不同质量分数的珠光体、铁素体及上贝氏体混合组织的相对衰减系数和相对相速度.含大量上贝氏体组织、珠光体 铁素体组织以及珠光体球化组织,相对衰减系数按照由大到小顺序变化,而相对相速度则依次增大.利用该方法可以无损区分30Mn2SiV钢的复杂混合组织.     

回火温度对30CrMnSiA复相钢冲击性能的影响

研究了回火温度对多相复合钢、马氏体（Ｍ）＋铁素体（Ｆ）双相钢及马氏体钢的冲击韧性的影响，结果表明，在强度相当的条件下，经预淬火的复相钢较其它组织具有更高的冲击韧性，具有最佳的强韧性、强塑性配合。随回火温度的提高，复相钢的冲击韧性（ＡＫ）值在３００℃达到峰值，４００℃时为低谷，这与该组织的残余奥氏体（ＡＲ）的大量分解的温度被推向高温，以及复相钢断裂时的解理面的尺寸和应力集中程序均较小有关。     

马氏体—铁素体组织的耐磨料磨损性

本文研究了45钢和50CrVA钢马氏体—铁素体混合组织的耐磨料磨损性,试验通过亚温淬火低温回火获得硬度相同,但马氏体和铁素体体积比不同的混合组织,进而在ML—10型肖盘式磨损试验机和SKODA—SAV IN快速磨损试验机上研究了铁素体相对量对耐磨料磨损性的影响。研究结果表明,在硬质回火马氏体基体上均匀分布着适量(10～20％)细小条粒状软韧相铁素体对耐磨料磨损性是有益的。但软韧相铁素体过多或无软韧相铁素体存在时都使耐磨料磨损性降低。     

亚温淬火对22SiMnCrNi2MoA钢组织和性能的影响

探讨了亚温淬火+回火热处理对22SiMnCrNi2MoA钢的组织形貌、组成相和力学性能的影响.结果表明:亚温淬火后组织为回火马氏体和少量铁素体;随着亚温淬火温度的升高,块状铁素体的量逐渐减少,使材料的强度和低温韧性逐渐增加, 840℃亚温淬火时材料具有较好的强韧性.     

预热与焊后回火对铸钢基体双金属梯度堆焊锻模堆焊层组织与性能的影响

为解决大型锻模的高成本、低寿命等问题,提出铸钢基体表面堆焊制备大型液压机用锻模新方法,针对其中的焊前预热与焊后回火工艺,将有限元分析与试验分析相结合,研究预热温度与焊后回火对堆焊层组织与力学性能的影响机理。研究结果表明:常温堆焊时,堆焊熔合区组织为马氏体+碳化物+残留奥氏体;随着预热温度的升高,冷却时间不断延长,组织呈现马氏体→贝氏体→珠光体转变趋势,显微硬度逐渐降低;当预热温度为400℃时,熔合区组织为铁素体+珠光体;焊后550℃/2 h回火后,堆焊层及热影响区硬度下降,基体中析出大量碳化物,堆焊层冲击韧性显著提高,断裂方式以韧窝断裂为主,母材性能在回火后无明显变化,说明预热与焊后热处理使堆焊层获得了较好的综合力学性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that