缺氧预适应小鼠脑匀浆提取液对Hep G2细胞缺氧耐受性的影响

目的:探讨缺氧预适应小鼠脑匀浆提取液(HP)对Hep G2细胞缺氧耐受性的影响.方法:用4种浓度的HP作用于缺氧(2%O2)培养HepG2细胞,以同浓度正常小鼠脑匀浆提取液(NP)作对照,检测了在缺氧培养后,Hep G2细胞的MTT值、早期凋亡率(Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪检测)、晚期凋亡率(Hoechst33258染色荧光显微镜检测).结果:低浓度HP对Hep G2细胞有保护作用,而高浓度HP对Hep G2细胞有损伤作用.结论:HP的作用有浓度依赖性和时间依赖性.     

高温胁迫对植食性昆虫影响研究进展

昆虫作为变温动物类群,极易遭受高温胁迫的影响。研究高温胁迫对植食性昆虫的影响,可为气候变暖背景下农林害虫的种群动态监测及地理适生区预测提供重要理论依据。笔者从植食性昆虫个体、种间互作关系、种群及群落3个层面,综述了高温胁迫对植食性昆虫影响的国内外进展。研究发现,高温胁迫会对植食性昆虫个体的生长发育、繁殖及生理生化带来负面效应,但昆虫自身也会进化出一系列基于形态、行为及基因表达的热胁迫响应机制。高温胁迫对寄主植物、天敌、共生微生物的影响也能够通过种间互作传递给植食性昆虫,并导致寄主植物-植食性昆虫-天敌3级营养关系发生变化。同时,高温胁迫还能通过影响昆虫个体及种间关系,间接影响昆虫的种群动态、种群多样性及其生态功能,并可能导致植食性昆虫的种群大爆发或衰退。最后,笔者认为此领域未来研究方向为:在个体层面上,应优化高温胁迫处理方式并综合考虑干旱和降水等环境因子,开展农林害虫种群的长期野外监测,应注重高温胁迫对昆虫参与生长发育繁殖功能基因的影响;在种间关系层面上,应关注高温胁迫对昆虫关联的复杂多样的食物网及互作体系的影响;此外,应结合高温胁迫对不同昆虫种类自身生理特性和行为模式的影响,阐明温度升高对昆虫群落的影响。     

昆虫对环境温度胁迫的适应与种群分化

大量研究报道了变温动物在温度胁迫下生存的适应策略,探讨了物种对温度胁迫耐受性的地理和季节分化及其与气候适应甚至异域物种形成之间的关系.昆虫温度胁迫耐受性的分化模式将直接提供生物自然选择下的进化方向,并预测种群的起源、分布和动态规律.在全球变暖背景下该研究显得愈加重要.文中对昆虫在环境温度胁迫下的适应过程和适应特征分化机制等重要生态学问题进行了分析和评价.     

昆虫授粉生态的研究

昆虫是重要的授粉者.昆虫授粉可提高农作物的产量和品质,给人类带来巨大的经济效益.在长期协同进化的过程中,授粉昆虫与显花植物在个体、种群、群落水平上通过相互作用形成一个复杂的系统,彼此之间存在着相互依存、相互促进、相互竞争、互惠共生等多种联系.在自然界,昆虫的授粉过程和授粉效率受到各种生物与非生物因子的影响.因此,开展昆虫授粉生态的研究,将有利于阐明昆虫授粉的机理和提高昆虫授粉的效率.     

谈谈英语教学中学生“自主学习”能力的培养

自主学习,是指学生个体在学习过程中一种主动而积极自觉的学习行为,是学生个体非智力因素作用于智力活动的一种状态显示。加强和重视学生英语自主学习能力的培养,能有效地提高学习的质量、水平和效率,提高创新思维能力,能使学生适应信息时代的要求,使学生真正实践自主、合作探究的学习方法,进而对课堂教学起促进作用。     

昆虫的快速冷驯化现象及其生态适应意义

相对于越冬冷驯化来说,快速冷驯化反应是近年来才在昆虫上发现的现象.这种反应可以在几个小时甚至几十分钟内迅速提高昆虫的抗寒能力.快速冷驯化的特征包括诱导条件、冷驯化效应、适合度代价方面的内容;快速冷驯化的生理生化机制包括血淋巴渗透压、多元醇、脯氨酸含量升高,冷诱导蛋白产生,膜脂相变等;此外,快速冷驯化是否具有生态适应意义还有争论.文中从冷伤害类型,昆虫的耐寒策略,快速冷驯化的定义、特征、生理生化机理、生态适应等方面对近十几年的研究进行了总结.     

初探农药“多虫畏”对植物的生理作用

本工作初步研究了农药“多虫畏”[2—(对氯苯基)—3甲基丁酸—间—苯氧基苄酯]对植物的生理效应。“多虫畏”100ppm涂棉叶能促进棉叶对~(32)P的吸收和积累。“多虫畏”加入营养液水培小麦,低浓度时促进根的生长,增加根的干重,高浓度时则抑制。“多虫畏”在100—200ppm浓度范围内均促进小麦根系对Ca~( )的吸收。从小麦胚芽鞘切看试验及酵母细胞分裂试验结果看出“多虫畏”不表现类似植物生长素及类似细胞分裂素的作用。目前实验结果可以肯定“多虫畏”对作物具有一定的生理作用,其施用于棉田增产的作用机理还有待进一步深入研究。     

古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭林象甲科昆虫分布及其动态研究

为了研究古尔班通古特沙漠自然梭梭林、生态恢复梭梭林和人工梭梭林3种不同生境梭梭林内象甲科昆虫分布及发生情况,本研究采用陷阱法对不同生境的梭梭树东南西北四个方向定时定点收集的象甲科昆虫进行研究。结果显示:3种梭梭林共收集到象甲科昆虫标本6属8种492头,其中数量最多的是粉红锥喙象(C.conirostris(Gebl.)),占总个体数的55.08%。人工梭梭林象甲科数量与自然梭梭林差异不显著,而生态恢复梭梭林象甲科数量与人工梭梭林、自然梭梭林差异显著。此外,不同方向象甲科数量差异不显著。自然梭梭林象甲数量最多的时期在7月下旬,生态恢复梭梭林象甲数量最多的时期在7月下旬,而人工梭梭林象甲数量有两个高峰期,分别在5月中旬和7月中旬。象甲作为梭梭重要的植食性昆虫,不利于梭梭的正常生长。本研究通过调查研究象甲科昆虫的分布与动态,可为保护梭梭林提供一定的理论依据。     

昆虫谷胱甘肽硫转移酶农药解毒与内源代谢研究进展

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase,GST)是生物体内重要的解毒酶系之一,广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中.目前有关昆虫GST的研究多集中在其对农药的抗性机制及代谢解毒方面,但深入的分子机制尚有待深入研究.本文结合国内外昆虫GST的最新研究成果以及课题组多年来对飞蝗GST的研究成果,着重从分子水平介绍昆虫GST基因对农药代谢解毒机制及其参与内源物质代谢机理的研究进展.对昆虫GST分子机制的研究,将有助于深化对昆虫GST的抗药性机制和生理功能的认识,发现新的分子靶标,为新型杀虫剂的研发和农林害虫的防治提供新思路.     

白蚁品级分化研究进展

白蚁作为具有品级多型和精致行为的高度社会化昆虫,品级分化是白蚁社会化生活的基础,也是生命科学的重要议题。从品级分化的类型及其影响因子、个体识别、信息传递、激素调控机理等方面,对白蚁品级分化的研究现状进行综述,为白蚁群体结构的深入理解及有效防治提供参考。白蚁品级分化主要分为生殖个体分化和非生殖个体分化两类,包括群体成员对环境的感知、相关信息的传递、个体对外部信息的生理响应、激素调控途径等环节。个体类型和生理状态信息主要以表皮碳氢化合物和挥发性信息素为媒介。品级主要受脑激素(BH)、蜕皮激素(MH)和保幼激素(JH)调节,其中JH水平对品级决定有重要影响。MH和JH的上游信号包括脑激素、胰岛素、生物胺、生长因子等信号,下游信号包括基因组、凋亡决定、储存蛋白和表观遗传等信号。在未来研究中,对营养因子信号、蜕皮激素的作用和表观遗传学途径应给予更多关注。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that