The Early Paleozoic paleogeography of the North China block and the other major blocks of China

With the summarization of the Early Paleozoic paleomagnetic data recently obtained from the three major blocks of China, the Early Paleozoic (i.e. Cambrian and Ordovician) paleogeographic positions of the North China, South China and Tarim blocks were discussed in detail. The North China, South China and Tarim blocks were inferred to be located adjacent to East Gondwana in low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during the Early Cambrian. During the Early-Middle Ordovician, the South China and Tarim blocks were also located in low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere with some affinities of the Gondwanaland, whereas the North China block may have episodically separated from the Gondwanaland, and might be sited close to the North America and Siberia. The reestablished paleogeographic configurations are in agreement with the studies on the biogeography, paleoclimate and sedimental facies of the North China and South China blocks.     

Early Paleozoic granite in Nujiang River of northwest Yunnan in southwestern China and its tectonic implications

The Nujiang region along the China-Burma border in the western Yunnan has received a great deal of attention and has been considered to be the important channel of southeastward escape of the Tibetan Plateau[1-4]. This channel is bordered by the Red River-Ailao Mountain left-literal strick-slip fault in the east and Gaoligong- Sagaing right-literal strick-slip fault in the west[5-7]. Within this channel, it is still not clear to which tectonic     

The relationship between dolomitization and organic matter occurrence in Lower Paleozoic carbonate in the Ordos Basin

Based on observations on the core and surface sections of Lower Paleozoic carbonate in the Ordos Basin, petrography research and measurements of TOC, TOS , Ro, XRD, and comparative study with dolomite in modern Coorong Lake, it has been revealed that: (i)dolomitization may occur in micrite limestone, gypsum-halite and argillaceous sandstone, and it can be divided into three types: sedimentary penecontemporaneous-early diagenesis, late diagenesis of deep burial and catagenesis of uplift period. However, the crystal cell of the second type less than 35 μ m in size is most closely associated with gas pool; (ii) the highest content of organic matter (OM) is produced in samples from the argillic dolomite which may be formed by argillaceous fluid through gypsum-halite; (iii) in the evolution process from penecontemporaneous dolomite into stoichiometric dolomite, the crystal order of dolomite and the porosity of its host rock tend to increase, which is favorable to the formation of an available migration network. When the power of the fluid is high enough, the network is mainly favorable to the migration and transport of heat, but when the power of the fluid goes down, the network system is favorable, due to its large space, to OM deposition in it.     

济阳坳陷桩西埕岛地区古潜山下古生界储层的综合判识及分布规律

济阳坳陷桩西埕岛地区古潜山储层为下古生界碳酸盐岩.在中奥陶世受到的较强烈的岩溶作用的改造;印支运动期间,发生褶皱和断裂,产生了大量的裂缝,储层较为发育.依据最基本的钻井、录井、测井资料建立了该区溶蚀和裂缝发育段储层的综合判识标准,并把其分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层.研究表明,该区储层的发育程度受控于岩性、岩溶作用和断裂作用.储层在纵向上具有明显的分带性,上部岩溶带即风化壳岩溶带储层最为发育,中部岩溶带储层较为发育,下部岩溶带储层发育差.并指出了储层的有利发育区带,埕岛地区位于50 m厚的风化壳部位,桩西地区为无石炭-二叠系覆盖的露头区.     

南华北地区奥陶系古喀斯特特征及其储层前景

南华北地区奥陶系古喀斯特广泛发育,为油气成藏提供了有利条件.通过野外露头剖面观测、钻井岩心观察,奥陶系古喀斯特主要发育于下奥陶统亮甲山组和奥陶系顶部,表现为不整合面(风化壳)残积物、喀斯特角砾、溶蚀孔洞缝等特征.将奥陶系古喀斯特划分为同生期、表生期和埋藏期喀斯特三类,同时讨论了影响和控制奥陶系古喀斯特发育的因素,其中构造、岩性、气候和古地貌为主要因素.研究区受构造隆升控制的表生期喀斯特和同生期喀斯特在横向上分布连续,有利于喀斯特储层发育;另外,奥陶系埋藏期喀斯特广泛发育,也有可能形成有利储层.     

华北板块北缘东段古生代沉积特征及盆地演化研究进展

通过对吉林伊通、长春、永吉、桦甸等野外实地考察,结合前人研究成果,总结华北板块与西伯利亚板块碰撞拼贴方式、古亚洲洋南支洋闭合过程以及华北板块北缘沉积特征与盆地演化。研究区地质构造错综复杂,沉积体系保存不全;受中新生代构造的影响,叠加了中新生代构造变形、岩浆活动和成矿作用;地层被破坏,多为哑地层,上述原因导致对古亚洲洋闭合之前盆地的性质及演化认识不一,制约了对有关重要科学问题的深入研究。采用沉积学的方法,结合构造地质学、地球化学、古生物地层学、同位素测年等理论和方法,依据现存古生代地层和不同构造部位的沉积盆地类型及其基本特征,开展古生代构造古地理演化研究,恢复沟弧盆体系的分布以及岛弧的类型、时代,探讨古亚洲洋的闭合过程,将是探讨华北板块北缘东段构造演化特征的新思路。     

Discovery of deep-level foreland thrust-fold structures in Taihang Mt. and its implication for early tectonic evolution of North China

Delineation and correlation of Dragon Spring Shear Zone with its deep-level structures at foreland have been studied by field work. This paper reports our new findings of thrust-fold structures within Taihang Neoarchean basement, which include flat thrusts,large-scale recumbent folds, subhorizontal foliation patterns, etc. It reveals that early tectonic evolution of North China clearly involves the horizontal contraction on a large scale, comparable to those of foreland of classical collisional orogenic belts. The vertical variation of structural patterns with foreland fold-thrust belt from shallow to deep levels has been documented for Taihang Mt. by structural correlation,which is associated with tectonic transposition and imbrication of basement complex with supracrustal sequences in the Neoarchean.     

济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩储层形成机理和发育特征

位于渤海湾盆地内的济阳坳陷是中国油气最为富集的地区之一.古生界碳酸盐岩是济阳坳陷今后油气增储上产的主要领域.通过对济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩的锰、锶等微量元素及氧、碳、锶等同位素的测试与分析研究,认为岩溶作用和白云石化作用是济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩储层形成最为重要的成因机理.与不整合面有关的海相碳酸盐岩岩溶储层主要由强烈的大气淡水改造作用而形成.各种洞或脉中的碳酸盐矿物的87Sr/86Sr比值显著高于基质碳酸盐的87Sr/86Sr 比值,而δ13C 和δ18O值则显著低于基质的δ13C和δ18O值.大气淡水作用深度主要在不整合面之下150 m 的深度范围.对油气储集有价值的奥陶系冶里-亮甲山组储集层与埋藏成岩过程的白云石化作用,尤其是粒屑的优先白云石化造成的体积收缩作用有关.作者总结提出了济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩岩溶的发育模式,及古地貌、古水系和岩溶作用的关系,并深入研究了济阳坳陷下古生界碳酸盐岩储层的发育特征与分布规律.     

δ13Ccarb and Ceanom excursions in the post-glacial Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian interval in Guizhou,South China

Secular δ 13Ccarb and Ceanom profiles in the post-glacial Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian interval are reported from Guizhou on the southeasten border of the Yangtze platform, South China. Overall, the δ 13Ccarb profile drifts to negative values in the post-glacial Nantuo and lower to middle Doushantuo Formations, and then to positive values in the upper Doushantuo and Dengying Formations of Neoproterozoic, followed by negative values in the Lower Cambrian Gezhongwu and Niutitang Formations. A detailed investigation of the relationship between the δ 13Ccarb and Ceanom profiles reveals that the main anoxic and oxic episodes are coupled with negative and positive δ 13Ccarb values, respectively. This may suggest a control of alternation between ocean stratification and mixing on variations in 13C abundance in the ancient ocean of the investigated areas.     

中国北方新近系红土碳酸钙研究及其意义

天水、秦安新近系红土、湖相沉积物的碳酸钙含量均随岩性变化而变化,红色层的CaCO3平均含量维持在6%～7%之间,钙质层的CaCO3平均含量多在20%～40%之间,高值可达60%以上。对比分析表明,黄土的碳酸钙含量高值仅在20%左右,两者相差悬殊。因此,红土与黄土应是不同气候环境下的产物。在此基础上,作者结合周围地区红土的部分沉积学证据对中国北方新近系红土的风成成因提出质疑并明确今后可能的解决途径。     

Rainfall spectrum change in North China and its possible mechanism

The seasonal distribution of the rainfall in North China has changed greatly since 1977, with more rainfall in spring and less in July, August, and September (JAS). Wavelet analysis showed that the JAS rainfall underwent an abrupt spectrum change in the mid-1960s. Its interannual variability has declined while the interdecadal component has become the dominant mode, associated with the dry climate. Correlation analysis found that the JAS rainfall is negatively correlated with the departures of the 500 hPa geopotential height significantly over the northwest and southwest of China, and positively correlated with the suer monsoon over eastern China. Therefore, the interdecadal ascending of the air pressure in northwestern China and the monsoon decaying over East Asia in the past 20 years may be the two major causes of North China drought.     

华北东部中、新生代盆地叠合特征与上古生界天然气勘探

依据华北东部中、新生代盆地叠合过程分析及沉积区与剥蚀区的叠加关系,对华北东部渤海湾地区进行叠合单元划分,并选择处于不同叠合单元的苏桥潜山-文安斜坡、孔西潜山、林樊家凸起等地区,从叠合单元的角度对上古生界烃源岩生排烃史、油气成藏及保存条件进行总结,探讨盆地叠合单元的石油地质意义.研究认为:华北东部渤海湾地区可划分为持续沉降型、复合沉剥型、持续隆剥型3大类型叠合单元,其中复合沉剥型又可分为中沉新剥型、中复新沉型、中复新剥型和中剥新沉型4个次级类型;对于寻找源自上古生界煤系烃源岩的气藏而言,复合沉剥型中的中剥新沉、中复新沉型叠合单元最为有利,若中生代沉积厚度较薄,持续沉降型叠合单元也较为有利.     

Early Precambrian tectonothermal events of the North China Craton: Constraints from in situ detrital zircon U-Pb, Hf and O isotopic compositions in Tietonggou Formation

Clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks are widely used for understanding the formation and evolution of the continental crust. The Tietonggou Formation outcrops in the Xiaoqinling region at the southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) and has unconformable contacts with the underlying Taihua Complex and overlying Paleoproterozoic Xiong’er Group. It mainly consists of quartzite and its protoliths are mature terrigenous clastic rocks. On the basis of the ages of the youngest detrital zircons from the quartzites and the ages of the Xiong’er Group, the depositional ages of the protoliths of the Tietonggou Formation were well constrained to 1.91–1.80 Ga. The U-Pb isotopic data of detrital zircons from the Formation show a major age peak at ～2.1 Ga, which is consistent with 2.2–2.0 Ga magmatism in the Trans-North China Orogen of the NCC. Taking into account the texctural and compositional maturity of the Tietonggou Formation quartzite, the ～2.1 Ga lithologic units in the Trans-North China Orogen are interpreted as the major source of the Tietonggou Formation. The majority of these ～2.1 Ga detrital zircons mostly have high δ ¹⁸O values (>6.5‰) and negative ? _Hf(t) values (?7.8–0.0), with corresponding Hf model ages significantly older than their crystallization ages, indicating that these zircons formed from the partial melting of ancient continental crust. The majority of the 2.8–2.7 Ga and ～2.5 Ga detrital zircons from the Tietonggou Formation had positive ? _Hf(t) values, and mantle-like δ ¹⁸O values, suggesting that the NCC has experienced two stages of significant crustal growth in the Neoarchaean at 2.7 and 2.5 Ga, respectively. The Hf isotopic data of detrital zircons from Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the Trans-North China Orogen varied mainly toward the reduction of the radiogenic Hf isotope and gradually show a similar trend of the isotope trajectories of crustal evolution. This reveals that the NCC probably has not developed a long-lived subduction to complete the final assembly of the NCC. Alternatively, these maybe imply that the tectonic setting of the NCC substantially changed at ～2.1 Ga, the reduction of the radiogenic Hf isotope could be attributed to the rollback of the subducting slab.     

Discovery of the Early Paleozoic post-collisional granites in northern margin of the Erguna massif and its geological significance

The Luoguhe intrusion, located in Mohe County, Heilongjiang Province, is mainly composed of monzogranite, quartz diorite and granodiorite, with minor diorite, tonalite, quartz monzodiorite, quartz monzonite, syenogranite and alkali-feldspar granite. The intrusion can be divided into two iithological units, i.e. quartz diorite and monzogranite units, with affinities to high-K caic-alkaline series. The quartz diorite unit （SiO2： 54.79%-58.30%, Na2O/CaO： 0.79-1.53 and Shand index： 0.77-0.82） belongs to metaluminous rocks. And the monzogranite unit （SiO2： 65.29%-66.45%, Na2O/CaO： 1.73-3.43 and Shand index 〈1.05） can be considered as weakly peraluminous rocks. The intrusion is characterized by high REE abundance （∑REE = 180.2-344.3μg/g）, medium-strong negative Eu anomalies （δEu = 0.33-0.82）, weak REE fractionation [（La/Yb）N = 4.12-10.45], enrichments in Rb, Th, U, K, La, Ce, Nd, Hf, Zr and Sm, but strong depletions of Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P and Ti. These characteristics of major, REE and trace elements indicate that the intrusion was formed in a transitional tectonic setting from compressionai to extensional regime, which can be classified as post-collisional granitoids. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon analyses yield ages of 517±9 and 504±8 Ma for the quartz diorite and monzogranite units, respectively. The discovery of Early Paleozoic post-collisionai granites in the northern margin of the Erguna massif indicates that the northern branch of Paleo-Asian Ocean between Siberian plate and Erguna massif was closed in the Early Paleozoic and the Salair orogeny ended ca. 500 Ma ago.     

华北陆台早前寒武纪地质演化与地幔对流模式

提出了华北陆台早前寒武纪地质演化及地幔地流模式，太古宙地幔呈南北方向向陆台俯冲，由于放射性热元素在壳下的不断积累，温度逐渐升高，对流速度减慢，从而使地幔对流方向在晚太古代至早元古代发生了转换，由近南北向的挤压俯冲转米为近东西向的壳下地幔下涌，陆台下发生了广泛的ＴＴＧ质重熔，并发生了大幅度的抬升，这种对流状态持续到古生代末。     

川中古隆起构造演化特征及其与早寒武世绵阳-长宁拉张槽的关系

根据早寒武世绵阳-长宁拉张槽的发现,为深化对四川盆地基础地质的认识开展相关构造演化研究。通过震旦系顶界古构造恢复,对比分析拉张槽分布范围与各期川中古隆起分布范围,研究了古隆起演化与拉张槽的关系。以拉张槽和古隆起为主体可将四川盆地划分为12个区域。认为川中地区的隆起是伴随着早寒武世拉张槽由隆起转换为凹陷演化形成的,川西南地区在晚震旦世拉张槽隆升剥蚀阶段已具有雏形。拉张槽东西两侧是相互独立的构造区域,印支期(晚三叠世)古隆起与拉张槽具有北东向联合古隆起特征。此后演化特征仍具有差异性,特别是喜马拉雅期至今的演化过程中,川西南地区的隆升幅度远大于川中地区,致使现今构造特征表现为震旦系顶界构造川西南与川中分别位于同一隆起构造的高点和斜坡位置。因此,绵阳-长宁拉张槽对震旦系-下古生界原生油气地质条件的控制和川中古隆起对震旦系-下古生界古今油气藏的形成、调整和保存具有控制作用。     

华北地区1972年和1997年干旱特征及其影响系统分析

利用华北地区实测的月降水量资料,美国NCAR/NCEP 850 hPa的矢量风5、00 hPa和850 hPa的位势高度等再分析资料,分析了华北地区1972年和1997年这2个干旱年干旱的空间分布、强度分布和持续时间,以及西太平洋副热带高压变化、季风进退和欧亚大气环流异常情况.结果表明:1972年是季风正常年,但该年亚洲大陆高压偏强且持续存在、西太平洋副热带高压持续偏弱,导致了干旱的发生与持续;而1997年由于持续偏强的亚洲大陆高压、持续偏弱的季风和西太平洋副热带高压造成该地区严重干旱.     

Linear relationship between the interdecadal and interannual variabilities of North China rainfall in rainy season

Interdecadai and interannuai timescales are dominant in the North China rainfall in rainy season (July and August). On the interdecadai timescale, the North China rainfall exhibited an abrupt decrease at the end of 1970s. In this study, we examined the effect of this abrupt rainfall decrease on the association between rainfall and circulation on the interannuai timescale, and found that the interdecadal variation does not change the physical mechanism responsible for the interannuai variation of North China rainfall.There is a linear relationship between the interdecadai and interannuai variabilities of North China rainfall in rainy season.     

冬季中东急流时空变化特征及其与中国气候的关系

采用1968—2009年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料和1968—2008年月平均中国160站降水和气温资料,使用EOF分析等方法,研究了冬季中东急流的时空变化特征及其与中国气候的关系。结果表明:中东急流存在3个主要EOF空间模态(其方差贡献率分别为26.9%、20.9%和17.0%),第1模态反映了急流核下游的急流变化特征,第2模态反映了急流区域的南北反相变化特征,第3模态反映了急流核上游的急流变化特征;冬季中东急流指数具有明显的年际变化特征,主要存在2~4年和准8年的周期振荡。冬季中东急流与中国西南地区气温(华南地区降水)呈显著负(正)相关关系;中东急流偏强、偏弱年的中国气温及降水差值显著区域分别位于西南地区(最大差值达3°C)和华南大范围地区(最大差值达180 mm)。