汉江流域数字河网的构建

介绍了自动提取数字河网的常用方法和不足,阐述了利用DEM和DRLN（digltal river and lake network）的改进算法的基本思路。基于全球陆地一公里基础高程GLOBE数据。利用遥感影像获得的自然流域水系矢量数据对DEM进行重新处理,自动提取了汉江流域的数字河网,能够有效避免了原始DEM可能造成的错误。最后。利用ArcHydro工具构建了具有拓扑关系的水文网络,从而为进一步开展汉江流域分布式水文模拟和计算以及水资源优化配置等分析提供了充足的空间信息。     

SRTM无效数据填充方法在数字河网提取中的应用

为验证最新全球免费高分辨率航天飞机雷达地形测量任务(SRTM)数字高程模型(DEM)数据在水文学中的应用效果,以湖北省清江流域为例,利用SRTM数据进行了流域数字河网提取,通过与数字化地形图DEM提取的数字河网比较,指出SRTM数据中普遍存在的无数据区域是其进行水文分析的最大障碍,常用的SRTM无数据区域填充方法会使河道高程出现较大误差,导致提取的数字河网出现偏差.为解决上述问题,提出了在实际数字化河网限制下的SRTM数据无数据区域填充方法,计算结果表明,利用该方法处理后的SRTM数据更符合实际情况,提取的数字河网也与实际情况相符.     

基于Hydrology的山区1:1万DEM水系提取研究

利用重庆市万州区4幅比例尺为1∶1万,地面分辨率为5 m的DEM数据,根据地表径流模型原理,通过ArcGIS中的HydrologyTools模块进行D8算法提取流域水系,计算汇流累积量,并最终生成河网。结果表明:对1∶1万DEM进行水系提取,最小水道集水面积阈值设定为50 000个栅格较合理;对于山地地形,基于1∶1万DEM数据,利用ArcGIS Hydrology模块提取河网的方法,从提取的效率和结果的精度两方面看来都是切实可行的。     

基于DEM的浊漳河南源水系研究

详细分析了基于DEM的流域水系提取,并利用全国1:25万的DEM,对浊漳河南源流域的水系提取进行了研究。结果表明,在盆地区域添加能反映微地形变化的数据点,并将河谷中出现伪河道的干流河网数字化,能生成反映流域实际情况的模拟河网。该方法为消除提取水系时平原区域出现的伪河道提供了一种新的修正方法。     

河网自动提取技术中DEM的几种预处理算法及应用

在基于DEM自动提取流域水系的过程中，AVSWAT2000模型提供了处理凹地和平坦区的功能，但在实际应用中仍存在一些问题，如有时无法形成相互联结的完整水系，会出现不合理的水系分支等．围绕基于DEM的河网自动提取技术，对凹地和平坦区的DEM预处理方法进行了比较和评述，并将Ao Tianqi等提出的DEM预处理算法应用于实际模拟研究．结果表明，该算法能较好地改善AVSWAT2000在自动提取流域水系中所表现出来的凹地和平坦区处理方面的不足，推求的河网及流域出水口与数字河网具有较好的一致性．     

基于Arc Hydro Tools的涪江流域特征自动提取分析

以涪江流域为例,基于1∶5万和1∶25万两种比例尺数字高程模型(DEM),利用Arc Hydro Tools对DEM预处理后进行流域提取,分析通过不同方案提取的河网、流域面积等相关参数,同时针对不同分辨率河网出现差异地段的地形坡度和地形标准差进行分析.实验结果表明:提取结果的精度在总体上是符合要求的,但是在地势平坦区域人类活动干扰较大的地区,提取的结果与实际相差较大.从提取的效率和实验结果的精度两方面来看,基于Arc Hydro Tools的流域特征自动提取是切实可行的.     

基于DEM的汾河流域水系提取试验研究

以山西省汾河流域为水系提取实验研究区域,采用该区域的DEM数据,依托地表径流模型,并利用ArcGIS10.0中的水文处理工具包对河流流域进行水系特征提取,通过对水流方向的计算,对集水积累量进行分析,最终生成基于不同阈值的河网。     

基于DEM的流域河网信息提取——以江津区笋溪河流域为例

本文以Arc GIS为操作平台,通过数字高程模型(DEM)数据为基础,介绍了流域的河网信息提取过程,并以江津区笋溪河流域为例,提取了该流域及其支流上2个水文站控制断面以上流域的水系图、坡度分布图、水文特征参数和地形参数,为该流域以后的水文分析和洪水预报提供基础参考数据,并为其它流域河网信息提取和基础数据获取提供一种快捷、简便和实用的方法。利用DEM和Arc GIS提取的水文参数,可直接作为流域洪水预报模型参数,不仅使工作效率得到了提高,还保证了信息提取的准确性,对流域水文资料缺乏地区洪水计算和预报具有十分重要的实用价值。     

基于SRTM DEM的浙江八大水系特征提取与精度分析

选用SRTM DEM(90m)数据,利用Arc Hydro Tools分别实现了浙江八大水系(除运河流域)的边界提取和流域划分。通过计算流域的相关水系因子(如流域面积、流域周长、流域平均分支比等),以及与1/25万数字水系河网的比较,进行提取水系的精度分析。结果表明,流域面积是反映水系提取精度的重要指标;其他因子反映较小。同时,应用SRTM DEM数据提取水文特征具有较高的精度,显示了其在更新水文研究基础数据方面的优势。     

基于DEM的干旱区河网系统模拟尺度影响分析--以柴达木盆地流域为例

根据SHREVE与STRAHLER提出的流域结构图,进行了基于DEM的河网系统自动提取的应用研究.以柴达木盆地为例,分析1:250000与1:100000地形图数据所建立的数字高程模型.在构建TIN模型中,选择样条插值方法构建基于等高线的数字高程模型方法;水流方向矩阵计算中格网的大小对结果有很大影响,在复杂地形地区表现得更明显,比较250,100,50 m3种格网尺度数据在模拟河网系统中的不同结果,主要表现为河网系统随格网变大而更密集;比较阈值分别为800,1 200,1 600时的河网结构,表明提取河流网络的计算阈值取全流域累积矩阵的平均值时,可以得到较好的图形效果.将数字模拟的结果与人工描绘的河网结构进行对比研究,提出了基于地貌单元研究结果的改善方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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