用小鼠单个MⅡ卵和2-细胞期胚胎构建cDNA文库

阶段特异性cDNA文库的构建和筛选是一种分离和克隆早期胚胎特异表达基因的有效方法.本研究利用小鼠单个MⅡ卵母细胞及发育至2-细胞的胚胎分别构建了cDNA文库.滴度分别为:6.5×106、7.2×107,基因片段平均长度为250-1500bp并用β-actin验证了文库的可靠性.这种利用单胚胎构建cDNA文库的方法,不仅解决了胚胎研究材料受限制的问题,而且在材料的发育时间上更加精确,更能反映胚胎发育的规律,是研究早期胚胎发育基因表达以及克隆胚胎发育相关基因的一种有效手段.     

植入前胚胎的短期酒精暴露对植入后胚胎发育的影响

哺乳动物的早期胚胎发育对胚胎着床以及胎儿的长期生长发育都具有决定性作用.酒精对胚胎发育可以产生严重影响,但现有研究主要集中于产前胎儿酒精暴露,对早期胚胎(植入前)酒精暴露关注较少.为进一步阐明酒精导致的胚胎的发育异常机理,本研究利用体外胚胎培养模型,重点研究了酒精暴露对囊胚细胞谱系的分化和胚胎植入的影响.通过对谱系分化...     

哺乳动物植人前胚胎发育的程序化

哺乳动物植入前胚胎发育的程序化过程,是发育生物学的核心问题,弄清这一过程,对研究哺乳动物早期发育有着重要意义.因受研究方法、实验材料等因素的影响,该研究领域的进展缓慢.文章就近年来在植入前胚胎发育的分子事件、母源调控向合子型调控的过渡、细胞核重建、染色质的重建机制、基因组甲基化与基因表达等方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

哺乳动物植入前胚胎发育的程序化

哺乳动物植入前胚胎发育的程序化过程,是发育生物学的核心问题,弄清这一过程,对研究哺乳动物早期发育有着重要意义.因受研究方法、实验材料等因素的影响,该研究领域的进展缓慢.文章就近年来在植入前胚胎发育的分子事件、母源调控向合子型调控的过渡、细胞核重建、染色质的重建机制、基因组甲基化与基因表达等方面的研究进展进行了综述.     

用差异显示反转录PCR银染技术研究小鼠前胃癌相关基因

目的:以N-亚硝基-肌氨酸乙酯(NSEE)作为诱变剂建立NIH小鼠前胃癌动物模型,研究小鼠前胃癌差异表达基因,探索细胞癌变的分子机理.方法:采用mRNA差异显示(DDRT-PCR)、反向Northern点杂交、克隆、测序和生物信息学分析等方法,对其癌变组织中差异表达的基因进行系统的研究分析.结果:得到5条在小鼠前胃正常对照组织、癌变组织之间差异表达的cDNA片段.筛选后,对其中3个差异条带进行DNA序列测定,有1个与已知基因Tpt1高度同源,2个与同1基因片段AK085193.1高度同源.提示这2个基因与小鼠前胃癌的形成有关.     

基于多视图双聚类方法分析不同哺乳动物早期胚胎发育基因激活差异

大量分子生物学研究证实,哺乳动物早期胚胎发育具有严格的分子调控机制.但是,不同种类之间早期胚胎发育可能存在的调节差异和分子机理并不清楚.利用比较转录组学方法识别不同物种之间的保守共表达基因簇,对于深入揭示胚胎发育和器官分化十分关键.多视图双聚类方法(Multi-view bi-clustering,MVBC)可以解决胚胎样本中的基因表达信号弱和噪声数据较多的问题,较传统两步法可以更好地找到保守的共表达基因簇.我们使用多视图双聚类这一新方法,在人、鼠和牛胚胎中共鉴定出114个共表达基因模块,并对其中包含数目较多、可信度高的29个基因簇进行了KEGG通路富集分析.结果表明,这些基因簇在三个物种早期胚胎发育中共享的通路大多是核小体与RNA转运等起着基础作用的通路,表明在三个物种间合子特异性转录和翻译机制的建立都相对保守.另外,还发现了在物种内具有相似表达模式的8组基因簇、同一功能通路可在多个基因簇富集,以及信号通路在整个胚胎早期发育过程中呈时序性表达的特点.本研究揭示了三个物种间早期胚胎基因表达模式与通路功能的关系,丰富了物种间早期胚胎发育过程的差异化知识,对进一步研究哺乳动物早期胚胎发育机制有一定帮助.     

基于数字基因表达谱筛选雌雄鸡胚胎性别分化相关的差异表达基因

目的为探究家禽早期胚胎发育中与性别分化相关基因的表达情况。方法本试验通过数字基因表达谱技术(DGE技术)以发育到72 h的雌性和雄性鸡胚胎为研究对象。结果成功构建了雌性和雄性鸡胚胎文库,通过对比及分析后得出有66个表达差异基因,包括雌性对雄性表现上调的基因为25个、下调的基因为41个。通过对这些差异基因进行GO功能和KEGG Pathway显著性富集分析显示差异基因主要参与生长发育、生殖、细胞的增殖分化相关,筛选出了5个与鸡性别分化相关的基因,分别是HINT1Z、SOX9、RSPO1、DMRT1和LHX9基因。结论经实时荧光定量PCR验证,结果显示HINT1Z基因在雄鸡中比在雌鸡中的表达量较高,在雌雄鸡中表达差异不显著; RSPO1基因表达雌鸡比雄鸡中高; SOX9基因表达量雄鸡高于雌鸡且差异极显著(P0. 01); DMRT1基因在雄鸡中的表达量高于雌鸡且差异极显著(P0. 01); LHX9雄鸡中的表达量较雌鸡中高但差异不显著。     

鸡与鹌鹑杂交种早期胚胎发育特异表达基因的初步筛选

利用mRNA差异显示技术，对入孵67～91h的鸡（♀）与鹌鹑（♂）杂交种胚胎中mRNA差异表达进行比较，筛选出与杂交种胚胎早期发育相关的特异表达基因，并克隆测序这些序列，分析这些基因在杂交受精蛋早期胚胎发育中的作用，及其对杂交种早期胚胎死亡是否有影响。分析结果表明，已经获得6个杂交种孵化不同时期的基因片段与鸡的mRNA序列具有高度同源性。其中，孵化第72h时胚胎mRNA表达的序列与鸡雌激素受体结合位点相关抗原mRNA具有高度同源性，孵化第79h时产生的差异片段经过比对，发现：与鸡（♀）肽酰-脯氨酰异构酶类似的mRNA序列具有高度同源性。而杂交种胚胎发育到第72h时，可检测到鸡雌激素受体结合位点相关抗原mRNA的表达，比前人所得到的表达时间（胚胎发育在第84h时检测到）提前了12h，这很可能是造成杂交种早期胚胎大量死亡的原因之一。     

小鼠着床前胚胎Dicer 1和DGCR 8基因的表达

研究了miRNA生成相关基因Dicer 1和 DGCR 8在小鼠着床前胚胎各发育阶段的表达,探讨其对着床前胚胎发育的作用.建立小鼠超排、交配系统,采集着床前胚胎;采用二步法RT-PcR方法鉴定着床前胚胎Dicer1和DGcR 8表达.结果显示:小鼠卵母细胞及受精后1.5 d、2.5 d、3.5 d和4.5 d着床前胚胎均表达Dicef 1和DGcR 8基因.这是着床前胚胎IlliRNA生成物的重要基因,miRNA及其生物合成相关基因可能对着床前胚胎发育起重要作用.     

转基因和再克隆对克隆胚胎细胞凋亡的影响

细胞凋亡在着床前胚胎发育过程中发挥着重要作用,胚胎凋亡检测能为获得高质量的体细胞克隆胚胎提供有益信息,进而有助于提高克隆效率.用原位末端标记法对牛的转基因克隆和转基因再克隆囊胚进行了细胞凋亡检测,再克隆囊胚是利用转基因克隆牛的体细胞作为供体细胞进行体细胞核移植后获得的第二代克隆胚胎.结果表明转基因克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率显著低于非转基因克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率,而转基因克隆囊胚的细胞凋亡指数显著高于非转基因克隆胚胎的细胞凋亡指数.此外,转基因再克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率和胚胎细胞凋亡指数与非转基因克隆胚胎的囊胚发育率和胚胎细胞凋亡指数相比差异性不显著.结果表明早期的转基因克隆胚胎发育能力的减弱可能是由于供体细胞的基因转染和药物筛选过程导致的,而再克隆对其早期胚胎的发育能力没有负面影响.     

Novel gene expressed during early embryogenesis of zebrafish identified by mRNA differential display

Following the revelation of the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in fruitfly, research on the molecular mechanism of morphogenesis in vertebrate becomes the focus of developmental biology. The isolation of genes controlling the embryogenesis of zebrafish, a vertebrate model animal, is considered as an initial step toward investigating this issue. There are several approaches that can be used to isolate developmental genes, each of which is suited to a particular situation. In this note, mRNA differential display was utilized to demonstrate the mRNA differences among zebrafish embryos at 4, 5 and 6 h post fertilization (28.5℃, corresponding to oblong, dome and shield stages, respectively, called blastula, gastrula and neurula in this note). One cDNA tag that was specific to embryos at neurula stage was cloned and sequenced. After sequence comparison in Genbank, we found that this cDNA tag represents a novel gene. The expression of this gene in the developing zebrafish embryos was examined by whole mount in situ hybridization. The hybridization results confirmed that this gene was specifically expressed in zebrafish neurula embryos.     

Replacement of inner cell mass in mouse

The intra- or inter-strain reconstituted blastocysts were produced by replacing the inner cell mass of Kunming mouse blastocysts with that of Kunming or C57BL/6 mouse strain blastocysts. A total of 192 intra-strain reconstituted blastocysts were transferred into 17 pseudopregnant Kunming mice, and 2 reconstituted embryos were developed into term: while 115 inter-strain reconstituted blastocysts were produced, analysis of the reconstituted blastocysts showed that the morphology and cytoskeleton srtucture of the blastocysts were not different from those of normal blastocysts, however, no viable offspring was obtained after embryo transfer for these inter-strain reconstituted blastocysts. The results demonstrated that the intra-strain reconstituted blastocysts could normally develop into term, whereas the inter-strain reconstituted blastocysts possessed less developmental potential as the intra-strain reconstituted blastocysts. This study may give light to solve the problem of low implantation rate and placenta abnormality in mammal cloning.     

一种优化的mRNA差异显示技术分析白刺盐碱胁迫表达相关基因研究

mRNA差别显示PCR技术是分离、检测差异基因表达的有力工具 我们研究了存在的可能影响DDRT-PCR研究结果的因素 通过改变DDRT-PCR方法中的引物、PCR反应中的退火温度等条件,得到了一种优化的DDRT-PCR技术,运用该项技术研究了白刺盐碱胁迫相关基因的差异表达 结果发现,运用这种方法得到的差异表达基因片段假阳性率较低,且差别条带较长,多为800bp以上,克服了DDRT-PCR技术中的主要问题,为更广泛地运用该项技术奠定了基础     

鲍幼虫变态分子机制的研究进展

综述了鲍幼虫变态及其分子机制的研究进展.鲍因其幼虫营卵黄营养,且同昆虫和蛙类相比,鲍幼虫变态速度快、存在提早发育(‘anticipatory’developmental program)现象,是研究贝类乃至海洋无脊椎动物变态现象的理想模式.早期研究采用药理学和电生理学方法发现了GABA等能够诱导鲍变态的物质,并且提出了变态过程信号通路,但调节幼虫变态的分子机制仍然所知甚少.研究人员采用差异显示PCR和基因芯片等手段获得了一些变态前后差异表达的基因.但是变态是由众多的基因和信号分子共同决定和影响的.传统获得差异基因的方法效率低、获得基因数量少、受公布的EST(表达序列标签)限制大,所以调控变态的分子网络和机制还尚未建立,缺乏对调控这一细胞过程的整体认识.转录组学分析获得大量变态差异基因,并且有助于建立差异基因相互作用网络,是研究变态分子机制的新方向.此外,变态差异基因的功能验证和注释是鲍变态分子机制研究的另一问题,基因干扰可能是解决方向之一.     

mRNA differential display on gene expression in settlement metamorphosis process of Ruditapes philippinarum larvae

The mRNA differential display （DDRT-PCR） technique was adopted to find out the genes related to settlement metamorphosis development process of Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. In this study, we have obtained three hundred and forty-six amplification bands in total from pediveliger larvae, veliger larvae, eye spot larvae and post-larvae. Sixty-five out of three hundred and forty-six bands are distinctly differential display from band pattern, which can be put into four groups, standing for different expression characters. Sixteen differential display bands were cloned, sequenced and analyzed and nine different sequences are obtained in the study. Three sequences have higher similarity to the cDNAs deposited in database and three are very similar to the rDNA of other species, considered as the rDNA of Ruditapes philippi narum. The rest three sequences are found to be novel sequences after analyzed. Their accession numbers are AY916799, AY916798, and AY916797 respectively. We thought the novel sequences are possibly relevant to the early embryo development of Ruditapes philippinarum larvae and can provide some fundamental understandings that are helpful for the improvement of scallop seed raising industry.     

基因差异表达技术及其在植物抗逆基因工程中的研究进展

介绍了常用的几种基因差异表达技术的原理、操作方法并对这些方法筛选目的基因的优缺点进行了评价.介绍了近年来利用差异表达技术筛选植物抗逆基因研究状况并对今后差异基因表达技术的发展及其在植物抗逆基因工程中研究提出了展望.     

A deficiency of the homeotic complex of the beetle Tribolium

In Drosophila, the establishment of regional commitments along most of the anterior/posterior axis of the developing embryo depends on two clusters of homeotic genes: the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C) and the bithorax complex (BX-C). The red flour beetle has a single complex (HOM-C) representing the homologues of the ANT-C and BX-C in juxtaposition. Beetles trans-heterozygous for two particular HOM-C mutations spontaneously generate a large deficiency, presumably by an exchange within the common region of two overlapping inversions. Genetic and molecular results indicate that this deficiency spans at least the interval between the Deformed and abdominal-A homologues. In deficiency homozygous embryos, all gnathal, thoracic and abdominal segments develop antennal appendages, suggesting that a gene(s) has been deleted that acts to distinguish trunk from head. There is no evidence that beetles have a homologue of the segmentation gene fushi tarazu of similar genomic location and function. On the basis of the genetic tractability, convenient genome size and organization of Tribolium, and its relatively long phylogenetic divergence from Drosophila (>300 million years), we have integrated developmental genetic and molecular analyses of the HOM-C. We isolated about 70 mutations in the complex representing at least six complementation groups. The homeotic phenotypes of adults and lethal embryos lead us to believe that these beetle genes are homologous with the Drosophila genes indicated in Fig. 1 (see text).