一种求解终端区紧急降落飞机的插入算法

空中管制员需为到达的飞机安排跑道并计算着陆时间,研究在一条单跑道上安排要求紧急降落的飞机到已排好降落次序的飞机队列中的飞机着陆调度问题.紧急降落的飞机只有出现在终端区时才知道它的机型和预期落地时间.约束条件为紧急降落的飞机应在预期落地时间之前降落及其与前后相邻两架飞机应满足最小时间间隔.已排好的飞机可以被延迟降落,但降落次序不能改变.目标函数是使由于插入紧急降落飞机所造成飞机的总延误时间增加值最小.针对该问题设计了一种优化插入算法对问题进行求解,该算法分为两部分：离线部分——为了实行实时插入紧急降落的飞机做准备;在线部分——当出现紧急降落的飞机后施行实时计算出其插入位置.实例验证了该算法的有效性.     

飞机荷载作用下温州机场超固结软粘土地基变形研究

根据温州机场扩建工程中堆载预压地基处理道面标高的控制数据,计算分析得出温州机场新跑道投入使用后软粘土地基的超固结比;基于飞机荷载的动力特性,计算得到温州机场新跑道软粘土地基在A380机型作用下附加应力的分布情况;选取1／4余弦波模拟飞机循环降落荷载,通过循环三轴试验对温州机场新跑道软粘土的变形特性进行了研究．结果表明：在新跑道投入使用后,运营初期飞机降落造成的地基工后沉降非常显著,应予以重点监测;此外,扩建工程中堆载预压地基处理能够显著减少飞机降落荷载所引起的工后沉降．同时,应用指数模型对试验得到的应变数据进行拟合分析,得到与OCR和循环次数相关的应变预测模型．经推演检验,此模型对温州机场新跑道土基沉降的长期预测有一定的指导作用．     

高原机场飞机减载使用分析

高原气候环境特殊,空气稀薄,飞机在高原机场运行时,起降性能受气温气压影响显著,飞机载重受到限制.基于高原机场飞机起飞着陆性能的分析,提出飞机减载的判定准则和分析方法,分别研究了轮胎速度、跑道长度、刹车能量和道面承载能力等因素对飞机起降质量的限制.根据运动学理论分析起飞离地、着陆接地平衡状态,得到离地速度与起飞质量、接地速度与着陆质量的关系,计算轮胎速度限制的最大起飞着陆质量;分析高原机场跑道长度计算理论,利用解析积分法计算跑道长度限制的飞机最大起飞着陆质量;将刹车能量对飞机起飞着陆质量的限制转化为决断速度对飞机起飞着陆质量的限制,通过决断速度计算飞机的最大起飞质量;采用ACN-PCN(aircraft classification number-pavement classification number)评价法,确定飞机的最大起飞着陆质量.以某高原机场为例计算某型飞机的最大起飞质量和最大着陆质量,给出了具体的减载方案.研究表明,对于正常起飞和正常着陆,轮胎速度对最大起飞质量和最大着陆质量影响最敏感;对于一发失效,刹车能量对最大起飞质量影响最敏感.     

军用机场中间联络道位置的计算分析

军用机场中间联络道位置的计算分析蔡良才，邓学钧（东南大学交通运输工程系，南京２１００１８）在机场飞行场地中，滑行道中部与跑道相连接的部分称作中间联络道，设置中间联络道的主要目的有３个：①便于飞机着陆后迅速脱离跑道；②缩短飞机着陆滑行距离；③便于停机坪...     

飞机起飞着陆航迹测试与分析

在采用新研制的飞机起落航迹激光定位系统的基础上，对7个机场7种机型的飞机起飞着陆航迹进行了测试，总结出飞机起飞着陆航迹可行的实地测试方法，测得7种飞机的起飞着陆航迹数据，计算了7种飞机在各种不同温度、气压、海拔等条件下的起飞航迹，并利用实地测试结果对其 进行了校核，本文取得的成果，已在2001年8月新颁发的《军用机场净空规定》中采用。     

机场跑道宽度可靠性设计方法研究

 为适应现代航空器的发展,更加合理地设计机场跑道平面尺寸,对跑道宽度设计问题进行系统研究。依据飞机着陆过程侧向偏移量的计算公式,将可靠性理论引入到跑道宽度的设计中,弥补了以往仅依靠飞行要求和经验来确定跑道宽度的不足。对某地多年气象资料统计分析和飞机着陆轮迹横向分布规律实测分析,结果表明：跑道侧风去除部分静风后服从极值I 分布,着陆轮迹服从正态分布。基于蒙特卡洛法,通过matlab 软件分别计算不同失效概率所需的跑道宽度,并对现有跑道宽度进行了可靠性评价。计算结果表明,跑道宽度对空气相对密度变化不敏感,现有跑道宽度的理论失效概率与实际失效概率比较接近,具有较大实际意义。     

飞行员打盹致印度特大空难

负责调查印度5月特大坠机事件的小组11月17日宣布，印度航空公司飞行员格卢希察在飞机着陆前打盹超过半个小时、被唤醒后也不清醒，造成飞机下降时与跑道接触角度错误，最终导致飞机冲出跑道坠毁。     

论机场跑道沥青混凝土施工工艺——以基戈玛机场修复工程为例

跑道是飞机起飞和降落的通道，也是机场最核心的功能设施。机场跑道沥青混凝土施工质量直接影响到跑道性能和使用寿命，怎样成功的进行跑道沥青混凝土施工，是各相关施工企业一直研究的课题。该文以坦桑尼亚基戈玛机场修复和升级项目为例，浅谈一下机场跑道沥青混凝土施工的工艺和方法。     

不走寻常路

<正>如果我方战机起飞后,机场跑道被敌军破坏了,战机燃油所剩不多,无法等到跑道修复后再降落或飞往其他机场降落,怎么办?如果我方战机尚未起飞,机场因跑道或其他设施遭到攻击而陷入瘫痪,战机如何起飞呢?由于修建高速公路与修建机场跑道的技术相似,军事家们想到将高速,来解决这些问题。     

飞机着陆安全性的跑道长度安全系数计算方法

为进一步研究军用飞机着陆过程所需的跑道长度,提出基于安全性的跑道长度安全系数计算方法。主要分析飞机在着陆过程中,受到着陆质量以及风速、气压气温、道面摩擦、纵坡等环境因素的复合影响,用蒙特卡罗法数值模拟满足着陆安全性的跑道长度值L′l,安全系数C为L′l与基准着陆滑跑距离Sl0的比值。结果表明:在同一安全性下,跑道长度的安全系数随着飞机的着陆质量增加而减小;飞机对着陆安全性要求越高则安全系数的值就越大,但是安全系数存在边际值。以某军用机型为例,设定机场的环境因素,数值模拟着陆所需的跑道长度值符合实际要求。若该机型以最大质量进行着陆,当满足安全性为99.99%时,在道面干燥的条件下安全系数为1.40,在道面潮湿的条件下安全系数为1.98。安全系数的最大边际值分别为1.43和2.02。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the