Evidence that three structural genes code for human alkaline phosphatases.

The number of structural gene loci that code for the different molecular forms of human alkaline phosphatase is unknown. Physical properties of the enzymes, immunological data, chemical inhibition and genetic studies suggest that at least three structural genes are involved: one coding for alkaline phosphatase from placenta, another for the enzyme from intestine, and one or more for the enzymes from liver, kidney and bone. Badger and Sussman have shown that alkaline phosphatases from human liver and placenta are products of different structural genes, and Greene and Sussman have shown that alkaline phosphatase from a metastasised bronchogenic carcinoma was nearly identical to the enzyme from placenta. However, other tumour-associated alkaline phosphatases and the enzymes from normal tissue other than placenta and liver have not been identified by conclusive structural criteria, and thus it is not known whether these onco-alkaline phosphatases represent ectopic production or unusual post-translational modification of the enzymes found in normal tissues. We present here, using a sensitive peptide-mapping technique, structural evidence that the enzyme forms from liver, kidney and serum from a patient with Paget's disease of bone (osteitis deformans) are products of the same structural gene and can be easily distinguished from either the intestinal or placental isoenzymes. The technqiue seems to be useful for the classification of tumour-associated alkaline phosphatases on a structural basis.     

A monoclonal antibody for large-scale purification of human leukocyte interferon

A clone of hybrid myelomas (NK2), secreting a mouse monoclonal antibody to human leukocyte interferon, has been isolated. The antibody neutralizes the antiviral activity of the interferon and, when covalently attached to a solid support and used as an immunoadsorbent, allows interferon purification of up to 5,000-fold in a single step.     

A novel family of human major histocompatibility complex-related genes not mapping to chromosome 6

Thymocyte antigens CD1 [Thy,gp45,12] are thought to be the human counterparts of mouse thymus leukaemia (TL) antigens. Serological and biochemical analyses indicate that at least three subsets exist, the first of which (HTA 1/T6) was initially identified by the monoclonal antibody NA1/34. Like TL, CD1 are expressed on cortical thymocytes as well as on some lymphoid neoplasias, and resemble in structure major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens. However HTA 1/T6 is loosely associated with beta 2-microglobulin and is also found linked by a disulphide bridge to CD8(T8). A molecular genetic approach is needed to investigate the CD1 system, to clarify its relationship to TL antigens and to understand its regulation. We report the isolation of complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding a CD1 antigen. These clones reveal a novel family of genes which are MHC-related but are neither equivalent to mouse TL antigens nor linked to the MHC.     

Heterogeneity of poly(I) x poly(C)-induced human fibroblast interferon mRNA species

Three classes of human interferons (IFNs) have been defined on the basis of their immunological properties: the 'Le' or 'alpha' IFN, mainly derived from leukocyte or lymphoblastoid cells; the 'F' or 'beta' IFN, mainly derived from fibroblast cultures; and the 'T', 'immune' or 'gamma' IFN, mainly derived from mitogen- or antigen-stimulated lymphoid cells. Whereas several individual species of Le IFN have been purified to homogeneity, it is generally considered that F IFN represents a single protein. Thus current efforts to clone human fibroblast IFN mRNA sequences are based on the observation that F IFN mRNA sediments in sucrose gradients as a single RNA species of size corresponding to 12-14 S (refs 7-10). We show here, using gel electrohporesis of mRNA, that two populations of translationally active human fibroblast IFN mRNA molecules exist--an abundant '14 S' species and a scarce '11 S' species. Microinjection of either species of mRNA into Xenopus oocytes leads to the synthesis of biologically active F-type human IFN. These data agree with and complement recent RNA hybridization studies of Weissenbach et al.     

南亚实蝇气味结合蛋白家族基因的筛选及克隆验证

为初步了解南亚实蝇对引诱剂的感受机制,笔者基于南亚实蝇转录组数据进行了气味结合蛋白(odorant-binding protein,简称OBP)家族基因的筛选和克隆验证.共筛选出OBPs基因32条,成功克隆出26条,对其编码蛋白的结构分析表明,典型OBPs 21条,DimerOBPs 1条,Minus-OBPs、Plus-COBPs各2条.碱基序列分析和蛋白进化分析表明,这26条基因与瓜实蝇OBPs高度相似,其编码的蛋白质与瓜实蝇亲缘关系最近,有16条与瓜实蝇聚类数值达90以上.这为下一步南亚实蝇OBPs高级结构和功能的研究提供了基础数据,也为实蝇引诱机制的探讨提供了理论依据.     

优化设计中的拟网格原理(Ⅰ)

在研究目标函数和约束条件的性质与允许误差的条件下,研究了断定全局优化方案就存在于变量网格结点中的若干个结点之间的问题.提出了拟三维空间和超球体概念;导出了确定可计算的网格结点公式,证明了特定点的覆盖定理.     

人间充质干细胞成骨分化早期HOX家族基因转录的表观遗传调控

人间充质干细胞(human mesenchymal stem cells,hMSCs)是一类具有多分化潜能的成体干细胞,在体内外可以被人工定向诱导分化成多种不同的细胞.有报道表明,在干细胞分化的过程中,细胞核内染色质发生重塑.HOX家族基因作为一类转录因子,在胚胎发育以及细胞分化过程中发挥着十分重要作用.通过体外定向诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化,对比分化前后细胞中HOX家族基因的表达状况,发现HOX家族基因的表达水平在hMSCs早期成骨分化过程中显著下降.进一步的研究发现,HOX家族基因的这种表达变化是由其启动子区的组蛋白H3-Lys9乙酰化和二甲基化水平发生变化而导致的.一系列实验证据表明,在间充质干细胞的成骨分化过程中,HOX家族基因表达受到抑制,而这种抑制作用是与其分化过程中发生的染色质重塑事件密切相关的.     

Structure of the human immune interferon gene

Sequence determination of cloned cDNAs and genes of the three classes of interferon (IFN-alpha, -beta and -gamma) has revealed more than a dozen members of the human IFN-alpha gene family and a single gene for IFN-beta. These genes are found on chromosome 9 and contain no introns. We recently reported that the 146-amino acid sequence of mature IFN-gamma deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA was quite unrelated to those of the other IFNs, and that the gene for IFN-gamma contains at least one intron. We now describe the isolation, characterization and DNA sequence of the human IFN-gamma gene. It contains three introns, a repetitive DNA element, and is not highly polymorphic. All our evidence to date and the present data suggest that this is the only gene for IFN-gamma and that the resolution of IFN-gamma into two components is probably the result of post-translational processing of the protein.     

人类syndrome疾病基因编码区碱基突变特征分析

对人类syndrome疾病基因编码区碱基突变(BMCRs)特征进行生物信息学分析.结果表明:syndrome疾病基因密码子的突变类型倾向于C→T和G→A的突变;碱基突变发生类型是转换显著地大于颠换(F=9.02,P=0.013 30.05);密码子三联体的第1位和第2位碱基突变在syndrome疾病基因的发生中起主要作用.此外研究结果也显示:syndrome疾病基因的外显子长度及其GC含量与BMCRs存在着显著的正相关(其相关系数各自为r=0.228 74,P0.000 1和r=0.067 0,P=0.033 30.05),并且外显子中顺式作用元件ESE的突变个数也与其相应外显子的BMCRs的个数之间存在着显著的相关性(r=0.200 5,P0.000 1),表明外显子长度、GC含量与ESE元件等特征对人类syndrome疾病的发生有重要影响.最后全部syndrome被划分成8个与医学分类相关的系统疾病,结果揭示BMCRs更容易发生在代谢与免疫相关的疾病系统、神经系统、心功能相关疾病系统以及机体畸形相关疾病系统当中.     

开普蛛科Caponiidae——中国蜘蛛新纪录(蛛形纲:蜘蛛目)

报道中国蜘蛛目1新纪录科——开普蛛科Caponiidae Simon, 1890.其成员刚毛老挝蛛Laoponia saetosa发现于广西.在此之前,该科在亚洲仅分布于越南、老挝和伊朗.本文对刚毛老挝蛛L.saetosa进行了重新描述并给出了彩色形态特征图.检视标本保存在河北大学博物馆,中文测量单位为mm.     

Structure of a family of rat amylase genes

The sequences of two cloned rat pancreatic amylase cDNAs comprising 95% of the mRNA sequence are reported. Analysis of cloned rat genomic DNA fragments using cloned cDNA probes indicates that the rat genome contains multiple closely related amylase genes in which the cDNA sequences are distributed within a region 9 kilobases in length and are interrupted by at least seven intervening sequences.     

A large scale screen for genes （3rd chromosome） related to Wingless signaling pathway

A wing specific F 1 genetic screen was carried out using the powerful Drosophila genetic system, combined with yeast FRT/FLP and GAL4/UAS system. Form the wing phenotypes and germline clone embryonic cuticle phenotypes observed in these mutant alleles, a number of mutant alleles of known or unknown genes were isolated. Among them, fifteen mutant alleles related to Wingless signal transduction were further isolated; the arm of these mutations located were determined, and their location in the chromosome were roughly mapped.