基于表面等离子体增强的聚合物太阳能电池研究

为有效地提高聚合物电池器件的光吸收和电荷收集, 进而提高整体器件效率, 采用氧化钼(MoO₃)/银纳米粒子(Ag NPs)/氧化钼作为复合阳极缓冲层, 制备了反型聚合物太阳能电池, 并研究了在缓冲层中加入金属纳米颗粒对器件性能的影响。实验结果表明, 在MoO₃缓冲层中加入1 nm的Ag时, 器件的短路电流密度和光电转换效率都得到了提高, 短路电流密度从9.54 mA/cm²增加到12.83 mA/cm², 效率从2.14%提高到3.23%。Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振作用, 有效地提高了器件的光吸收和电荷收集, 提高了整体器件效率。     

喷涂制备聚合物太阳能电池阳极缓冲层中所用溶液浓度对器件性能影响机理

以在空气中结构稳定和电导率高等特点的PEDOT:PSS为样本,针对溶液浓度与喷涂薄膜成膜特性及在此基础上制备的P3HT:PCBM体异质结聚合物太阳能电池器件,进行了表征和分析.结果表明:器件的电流密度和效率随喷涂溶液浓度增大而提高的原因是喷涂溶液浓度的增加导致所制得薄膜的表面粗糙度增大,从而增大了与体异质结的接触面积,提高了载流子的传输和收集效率;在采用浓度为66.67%的PEDOT:PSS水溶液喷涂制备的缓冲层基础上制备的P3HT:PCBM体异质结聚合物太阳能电池,短路电流达到12.08mA/cm2.     

双重优化对基于P3HT:PCBM有机太阳能电池效率的提高

有效提高太阳能电池对光的吸收效率是提高太阳能电池能量转换效率的重要因素.在以poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)为电子给体材料,[6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl eater(PCBM)为电子受体材料的有机太阳能电池中,Poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)与活性层之间插入不同厚度的P3HT层,并在P3HT层最佳厚度的基础上,进一步在活性层中掺杂不同比例的Ag纳米粒子,双重优化了电池器件.当插入45 nm的P3HT层及掺杂质量比为5%的Ag纳米粒子时活性层薄膜的形貌及内部结构得到了改善,电池对光的吸收,及外量子效率得到了显著地提高,并出现红移现象.在25°C,光强为100 mW/cm2的条件下测量其短路电流密度JSC为11.21 mA/cm2,能量转化效率PCE为3.79%.     

基于碱金属氯化物的钙钛矿太阳能电池界面钝化

针对钙钛矿太阳能电池的电子传输层/钙钛矿层界面处存在的大量缺陷,提出了一种无机盐界面钝化的优化策略.该策略选用低成本的氯化锂(LiCl:Lithium Chloride)作为电子传输层/钙钛矿层的界面钝化材料,制备了器件结构为ITO/TiO2/LiCl/CH3NH3PbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Ag的钙钛矿太阳能电池.在引入浓度经过优化的LiCl后,钙钛矿太阳能电池的短路电流密度和填充因子达到21.05 mA/cm2和72.55％,能量转换效率为16.95％,与没有引入LiCl的器件相比提高了23.00％.对器件和薄膜进行表征后发现,LiCl可以钝化界面处的缺陷和陷阱,并提高了TiO2的电导率,从而减少了界面复合损失,促进了电荷传输.     

多光学间隔层结构的聚合物太阳能电池

为提高聚合物太阳能电池中有源层的光吸收,提出了一种新型结构的器件———具有多光学间隔层结构的 聚合物太阳能电池,该结构通过调节多光学间隔层折射率的分布方式,调节有源层内光电场的分布,使有源层 对入射光得到充分吸收,进而优化器件性能。采用传输矩阵法对这种多光学间隔层聚合物太阳能电池进行了 光学模拟,探索了多光学间隔层折射率的分布方式对倒置结构聚合物太阳能电池器件有源层光电场的分布和 短路电流密度( Jsc) 的影响。模拟选取的多光学间隔层是通过在ITO( Indium Tin Oxide) 玻璃衬底上依次旋涂未 掺杂ZnO 和掺杂浓度分别为0． 002 5 mol /L,0． 005 mol /L,0． 01 mol /L 的铯掺杂氧化锌( CZO: Cs doped Zinc Oxide) 薄膜制备而成的。模拟结果显示,采用从上到下铯掺杂浓度依次增加的多光学间隔层结构能有效提高 器件有源层对入射光的光吸收和短路电流密度。     

基于FirPic的蓝色有机电致磷光器件

利用真空蒸镀的方法,制备了结构为ITO/NPB(20 nm)/MCP(3 nm)/MCP:Firpic(z%,x nm)/TPBi(10nm)/Alq3(30 nm)/Cs2CO3:Ag2O(2 nm,20%)/Al(100 nm)的器件.研究了不同掺杂浓度(z=5,8,10和12)和不同厚度(x=5,10,15,20和25)对器件性能的影响.首先确定MCP:Firpic层的厚度为5 nm,调节掺杂浓度.结果表明当掺杂浓度为10%时,器件的效率和亮度都为最大.驱动电压为8 V时,最大电流效率为6.996 cd/A;驱动电压为15 V时,最大亮度为10 064 cd/m2.在10%的掺杂浓度下,调节MCP:Firpic层的厚度.当厚度为20 nm时,器件的性能较好.驱动电压为13 V时,电流密度为2.248 mA/cm2,效率为10.35 cd/A;驱动电压为21 V时,电流密度为304.16 mA/cm2,亮度为21 950 cd/m2.     

CuPc/CuPc:C_(60)/Alq/Al结构的有机太阳能电池

制备了一种ITO/CuPc/CuPc∶C60/Alq/Al结构的PIN有机太阳能电池,采用Cu-phthalocyanine(CuPc)和fullerene(C60)的共混层作为光吸收层,CuPc和Alq作为空穴传输层和电子传输层.利用真空蒸发镀膜法制备各层有机薄膜,并用I-V曲线和紫外可见吸收光谱来表征器件性能.研究了器件的光吸收层、电子传输层、空穴传输层的膜厚参数对器件性能的影响.结果表明,当器件光吸收层、电子传输层、空穴传输层的厚度分别为15,30,40 nm时,器件的性能达到最优化.优化器件的短路电流密度JSC为2.07 mA.cm-2,开路电压VOC为0.56 V,填充因子FF为0.46,器件的能量转换效率达到0.53%.     

ZnO/SnO_2核壳结构染料敏化太阳能电池性能研究

文章采用水热/溶剂热法分别合成一维ZnO纳米线阵列及均匀SnO2纳米颗粒,再通过旋涂法合成了ZnO纳米线/SnO2纳米颗粒核壳复合纳米结构。在染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)中,与单一结构的ZnO纳米阵列或SnO2纳米颗粒光阳极相比,所合成的新型复合纳米结构的光阳极能有效地提高光电性能,短路电流、开路电压及转化效率分别为2.93mA/cm2、0.64V、0.74%。入射光光电转换效率(IPCE)、强度调制光电流谱(IMPS)及强度调制光电压谱(IMVS)的测试结果表明:SnO2纳米颗粒包裹层能增加比表面积,有利于染料的吸附;能有效地抑制ZnO与电解液界面的电子复合,提高了电子寿命。     

金、银混合纳米颗粒的LSPR效应对白光OLED电致发光性能的影响

研究了金、银纳米颗粒（Au NPs和Ag NPs）及其混合颗粒位于空穴注入层3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩聚合物聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PEDOT:PSS）之下时,其产生的局域表面等离子体共振效应（LSPR）对白光有机电致发光器件（WOLED）的电致发光（EL）性能的影响。WOLED器件的结构是氧化铟锡（ITO）/Ag NPs(Au NPs)/PEDOT:PSS/4,4′-环己基二[N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)苯胺]（TAPC）/4,4’,4’’-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺（TCTA）/1,3-二-9-咔唑基苯（mCP）:FIrpic(质量分数8%)/Ir(piq)2acac/TPBi/LiF/Al。结果表明：Au NPs和Ag NPs都能提高WOLED器件的外部量子效率(EQE)和功率效率(PE),引入两者的混合颗粒后,器件的EQE和PE会得到进一步的提高。在Au NPs与Ag NPs溶液的最优体积比3∶1条件下,WOLED器件的EQE和PE分别为15.19%和15.03 lm/W,相比于原器件,WOLED器件的EQE和PE分别提高了29.06%和23.00%。通过激子动力学研究,揭示了LSPR效应及Au...     

基于ZnO缓冲层的有机太阳能电池数值分析

氧化锌(ZnO)材料具有良好导电性、光透性和稳定性,在光电器件中具有重要用途.利用AMPS-1D探究ZnO作为缓冲层对有机太阳能电池性能的影响.研究发现:添加ZnO缓冲层的有机太阳能电池开路电压、光电转化效率等性能有显著的提高; 电子-空穴产生率和空穴电流密度随着ZnO薄膜厚度增加而减小,而电荷态密度和电子电流密度随着ZnO薄膜厚度增加而增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-