用蒸发法制备NEA光电阴极初探

用蒸发法制备负电子亲和势(NEA)光电阴极,探讨了两个可能性:(一)改进现有多碱阴极的工艺规范,制备负电子亲和势光电阴极。(二)用蒸发法制备Ⅲ—Ⅴ族负电子亲和势光电阴极。     

用微弱信号检测技术研究光电阴极

本文概括介绍了用微弱信号检测技术研究光电阴极的光吸收、组分、电子亲和势、折射率、衰减率和透射率等.并提出用微弱信号检测技术可以改进多碱光电阴极的制备工艺和性能。探索Ⅲ—Ⅴ族负电子亲和势光阴极的蒸发方法,从而降低Ⅲ代夜视器件的成本.     

反射式GaAs负电子亲和势光电阴极的激活

本文叙述反射式ＧａＡｓ负电子亲和势（ＮＥＡ）光电阴极的激活工艺已制备出积分灵敏度为４４０～１１７７μＡ／ｌｍ的光电阴极。文中讨论了对ＮＥＡ光电阴极稳定性的影响因素，铯和氧的作用，以及ＮＥＡ的形成机理。     

光谱响应测试仪的研制及应用

为了客观评价光电阴极的性能，提高其光电发射水平，在深入研究光电阴极光谱响应测试原理的基础上研制了国内首台光谱响应测试仪。利用自制光谱响应测试仪对国产二代、三代微光像增强器进行了光谱响应测试与分析，成功实现了激活台内负电子亲和势（NEA）光电阴极高温激活和低温激活后的光谱响应在线测试，结果低温激活后积分灵敏度比高温激活提高了29％，截止波长向长波有很小的移动。通过计算阴极参量发现，阴极表面逸出几率在低温激活后较高温激活后提高了25％，低温激活后阴极表面结构得到优化是其积分灵敏度提高的重要原因。     

负电子亲和势GaN光电阴极特性研究

分析了NEAGaN光电阴极的产生背景,介绍了NEAGaN光电阴极的结构以及工作模式,研究了GaN光电阴极的光电发射机理以及NEA特性的形成原因,P型GaN经过Cs、O处理后的有效电子亲和势约为一1．2eV。分析表明：充分激活后形成的双偶极层是表面真空能级降低的原因,体内产生的光电子按照光电发射的“三步模型”逸出到真空中。     

低电子亲和势的场助热电子发射阴极

具有金属 /绝缘层 /半导体 /金属结构的场助热电子发射阴极是大屏幕显示器中的主要候选部件。电子发射受到各层薄膜的厚度、材料组分和结晶状态等的严重影响。由Au/Ag双层薄膜构成的上电极使得电子亲和势降低0 .5 e V,发射电流提高了数倍。半导体材料 Zn1 - x Mgx O具有低的电子亲和势以及适合电子注入的带隙宽度 ,并且已经较为容易地用溅射方法制备。上电极和半导体层之间的晶格匹配可以降低电子在界面上的散射 ,对提高发射电流是很重要的 ,这已经在 Zn1 - x Mgx O/Au和 L i F/Au界面上实现。在绝缘层和半导体层之间引入界面态控制层可以大大降低驱动电压 ,对采用宽带隙半导体层的阴极尤其具有实用价值     

GaAs光致发射极化电子源的原理及其在极化(e.2e)中的应用

GaAs半导体光致发射极化电子源是70年代末国际上出现的一种新型极化电子源。它采用GaAs半导体晶片作为光阴极，并在高真空环境下将碱金属铯及氧化剂镀到光阴极上，以获得负电子亲和势（Negative lectron Affinity）表面，然后通过用波长合适的圆偏振激光阴极，来获得自旋极化的电子束，详细讨论了GaAs半导体光致发射极化电子源的原理及实验过程，并介绍了极化电子在极化（e.2e)反应中的应用。     

氩对四针状氧化锌场发射性能的影响

氧化锌是一种宽带半导体材料,由于其具有负电子亲和势,高的机械强度和良好的化学稳定性等特性,也被认为是一种很有发展潜力的场发射阴极材料。但是由于阴极材料在纳米量级,纳米材料的一些效应使其对工作的环境气体非常敏感。氩是采用薄膜型吸气剂的电真空器件中常见的残余气体成份。采用充气实验法研究了氩对氧化锌场发射的影响,得出其对氧化锌的场发射电流具有增强作用。由于氩的引入在一定程度上对系统起到了清洗的作用,系统内对氧化锌具有衰减作用的气体减少从而使得氧化锌发射电流在相同外加电压下增加。     

关于锑碱高效能光阴极光电子逸出特性的分析研究

本文从讨论半导体光电发射出发,提出了光电子能量损失速率的概念.运用所导出的理论公式,对实用锑碱光阴极的光电子逸出深度和逸出几率做了计算.结果表明:S-11光阴极的最大逸出深度为284A.与之相比,多碱光阴极有较大的逸出深度,这应归因于它有合适的带隙,较高的二次电子空穴对生成阈值以及较低的有效电子亲和势.最后,分析了阴极厚度对长波、短波响应的影响,给出了S-20VR光阴极的实际厚度约为1300A.     

一种用于外形参数诊断的三维系统的设计与应用

使用连续发射的激光光源和半导体光电位置敏感器件,设计了一种三维非接触高精确度的光学测量系统,用于不规则三维物体参数的测量,并将这一测试系统应用前景作了展望.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that