磷胁迫及磷高效基因型品种筛选研究进展

介绍了耐低磷胁迫生理生化特性,阐述了低磷胁迫对植物碳水化合物合成与分配的影响,总结了磷高效基因型品种的筛选,分析了其他逆境条件对低磷胁迫的关系,论述了植物低磷胁迫研究进展。     

缺磷胁迫对小麦植株生长的影响

对不同磷浓度下小麦植物形态,光合速率及植物组织中可溶性糖含量进行了测定,来研究缺磷胁迫对小麦生长的影响。实验发现小麦根轴长度与磷浓度呈明显的负相关,而叶长度、叶重量及根重量与磷浓度呈明显的负相关;缺磷时,小麦光合作用下降,可溶性糖含量低,干物质积累少,株型瘦弱,叶片小,抗病能力差。     

作物不同基因型的磷素营养研究进展

介绍了近年来植物磷素营养研究的发展趋势,强调了开发不同基因型作物品种耐低磷机理研究的重要性;综述了作物不同基因型低磷胁迫的根系形态构造的差异、根系分泌物及pH值的变化;低磷胁迫对水分利用效率、碳水化合物同化作用的影响、对膜脂过氧化及保护酶系统活性的影响、对叶片特征的影响、酸性磷酸酶(APA)活性与耐低磷胁迫的关系;磷素利用效率的基因位点(分子标记)的研究进展.     

缺磷条件下植物根内通气组织的形成

在水培条件下研究了低磷胁迫对小麦、玉米、菜豆和番茄根解剖结构的影响.结果表明经过一定时间的胁迫,小麦、玉米及菜豆根皮层部分薄壁细胞开始解体形成通气组织,而在同样的试验条件下,番茄无类似的现象.双子叶植物菜豆和番茄根部皮层部分所占整个根横切面的比例在低磷胁迫条件下明显增加,可能是由于低磷环境中生长的植株中柱次生发育缓慢引起的,而在不同磷水平条件下生长的单子叶植物小麦和玉米其皮层及中柱部分所占比例在整个实验期内均保持恒定,高磷和低磷处理间无明显差异.由于该实验可保证植物根系充足的氧气供给,所以可以推论在缺磷植株体内出现的通气组织还可能具有其他生理作用.     

田间低磷胁迫对沈农265和辽粳294水稻产量性状的影响

选用典型直立穗型品种沈农265和直立穗型品种辽粳294为试材,研究田间低磷胁迫对其产量性状的影响．结果表明,田间低磷胁迫使两个水稻品种的经济产量和生物产量都下降,其中沈农265下降幅度较小．同时田间低磷使沈农265的穗数减少,穗粒数减少,着粒密度下降;辽粳294则表现为穗长增加,穗粒数和着粒密度增加,这可能是由于田间低磷使辽粳294分蘖减少较多所致;沈农265的综合耐低磷力属于一级指标,辽粳294属于二级指标,表明沈农265耐低磷力较强,辽粳294为中等耐低磷品种．     

磷胁迫下不同基因型大豆苗期磷吸收利用差异的研究

在缺磷和低磷胁迫条件下，对不同基因型大豆苗期磷吸收利用的差异进行了研究．结果表明：缺磷胁迫下，磷高效基因型（K1、K2）叶部的吸磷量均大于磷中效（Z1、Z2）、低效（M1、M2）基因型，但根、茎的吸磷量与磷中效基因型差异不明显；低磷胁迫下，磷高效基因型根、叶的吸磷量均大于磷中、低效基因型，但茎部吸磷量与磷中效基因型差异不明显．缺磷和低磷胁迫下，磷高效基因型磷利用率的适应性均未表现出优势．磷高效基因型并非所有性状的适应性均能表现出优势。     

不同基因型玉米自交系在低磷胁迫下的生理生化特性比较初探

以珍珠岩作基质固体培养六种不同基因型玉米自交系材料，设置025mol／L KH2PO4全磷（对照）、10μmol／L KH2PO4（低磷）、1μmol／L KH2PO4（极低磷）三种处理，于四叶一心时测定叶绿素含量、SOD活性、POD活性以及MDA含量的变化．各自交系在低磷和极低磷胁迫时，叶绿素含量都升高．缺磷时不同自交系的根和叶的SOD及POD的变化趋势不一致：自交系04099和04417叶片和根系的SOD和POD活性与对照相比均增加；04065叶片和根系的SOD活性比对照升高，但是POD活性比对照降低；04419在两个缺磷水平处理下叶片和根系的SOD活性较对照下降，叶片的POD活性较对照上升，但根系的下降；04242经两个缺磷水平处理后叶片和根系的SOD活性下降，叶片POD活性在低磷处理下上升，极低磷时下降，根系POD活性降低；04088SOD活性变化与04242相同，但是低磷和极低磷下的叶片POD活性比对照增加，根系POD活性在低磷条件下降低，极低磷下上升，玉米的膜脂过氧化程度在缺磷处理时发生改变，低磷和极低磷处理时所有自交系的叶片和根系MDA含量也发生不了同程度的变化，综合分析，初步判断自交系04099和04065是耐低磷胁迫能力较高的材料，有进一步研究的价值。     

低磷胁迫对耐低磷玉米自交系幼苗光合特性的影响

采用沙培的方法,研究了低磷对来自细胞工程的耐低磷玉米自交系SD=C、SD-D和齐319叶片光合作用特征的影响. 结果表明：低磷胁迫下,玉米幼苗叶片的无机磷含量、光合速率下降. 耐低磷自交系SD-C、SD-D的无机磷含量、净光合速率下降幅度小于齐319. SD-C和齐319叶片光合速率的降低是受非气孔因素的限制,而SD-D则是受气孔因素的限制. 低磷处理使玉米叶片PSⅡ的光能转换和利用效率降低,耐低磷玉米自交系SD-C、SD-D的光能转换效率和利用效率高于齐319,受低磷胁迫的影响小于齐319. 玉米幼苗叶片内无机磷含量的差异可能是自交系SD-C、SD-D和齐319之间光合作用和叶绿素荧光产生差异的原因.     

研究型植物生理学综合实验设计——水分胁迫对植物水分、光合作用及呼吸作用的影响

以“水分胁迫对植物水分、光合作用和呼吸作用的影响”为题，进行研究型综合实验设计．对实验目的、药品仪器、实验材料与设计、实验内容和实验步骤作了介绍，对实验报告的撰写和教学时间安排提出合理化的建议，为植物生理学实验教学工作者提供参考．     

盐芥ThPHT1;8基因的克隆和功能分析

磷(P)是植物生长发育过程中重要的矿质营养元素之一,PHT1磷酸转运蛋白家族负责调控植物从土壤中吸收磷以及细胞间无机磷(Pi)的转运.本文以盐芥幼苗根cDNA为材料,克隆到盐芥磷酸转运蛋白ThPHT1;8基因.生物信息学分析结果表明,ThPHT1;8蛋白编码525个氨基酸残基,蛋白分子质量为58.1,ku,等电点6.33,是一个定位在细胞膜上的疏水、无信号肽的非分泌性蛋白,含有高亲和力磷酸转运蛋白典型的跨膜结构.实时定量PCR结果显示,低磷胁迫能促进ThPHT1;8基因在盐芥根部的表达,而且不同磷浓度处理下ThPHT1;8基因表达的模式不同.ThPHT1;8基因在转基因拟南芥中的生物学功能研究表明,不同浓度低磷胁迫处理下,与野生型拟南芥相比,35S:ThPHT1;8转基因拟南芥幼苗的主根根长显著增加、侧根密度显著降低,叶绿素含量、无机磷和总磷含量提高,花青素含量降低.上述结果表明,盐芥ThPHT1;8基因确实参与低磷胁迫时植物的应答,能够提高转基因拟南芥的耐低磷能力,为土壤磷高效利用提供了一种有潜力的候选功能基因.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that