具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

基于特征技术的轴类零件CAD系统设计

介绍了借助Ｒｒｏ／Ｔｏｏｌｋｉｔ开发包在Ｐｒｏ／Ｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒ软件平台上开发一基于特征技术的轴类零件ＣＡＤ系统,该系统界面友好,设计方便,高效,产品模型信息完备,为ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭ／ＣＡＥ的集成提供了信息源,本文对本系统的实际应用进行了特征定义,分类,并建立了特征库,且对ＰＤＭ技术和设计智能化进行了研究探索。     

语义特征造型的研究

提高特征编辑的效率是基于特征的参数化系统的关键技术．本文提出一个基于边界模型(B_rep)、构造历程树(CSG)和特征描述图(FDG)的特征模型．基于FDG的特征设计和编辑克服了传统特征造型系统的时序性和历史流的管理顺序，是一个与历程无关、非时序性的特征造型技术．     

基于多尺度特征选择与融合的目标检测方法

针对多尺度目标检测中特征图特征混淆和特征丰富程度不足的问题,提出一种基于多尺度特征选择与融合的目标检测算法。设计了一个特征选择模块来分离出不相关的特征,并结合特征金字塔网络形成特征选择网络结构,降低特征图中不同尺度目标的局部特征对当前尺度特征的干扰;提出一种浅层特征融合方法,将浅层特征逐级融合到较深层级特征中,解决特征图的特征不够丰富问题。结合特征选择架构和浅层特征融合架构,在PASCAL-VOC2007数据集上进行测试,结果mAP达到了80.1%。相较于基础的单阶段目标检测(single shot detection, SSD),所提算法的网络性能可提高2.9%,且在一些小目标和遮挡目标的检测效果上有明显的提升。通过对比和消融实验,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

特征造型研究

特征识别和特征实例化是特征造型的核心．论述了特征识别和特征实例化的基本理论及其实现方法，介绍了表达特征拓扑关系的几种基本方式，给出了特征识别的主要程序流程图、特征实例化的主要步骤．以及部分输出结果．     

一种基于综合特征的鞋底图像识别方法

本文提出了一种基于综合特征的鞋底识别方法,即提取鞋底的形状、直方图、纹理特征,将这些特征进行内部和外部归一化形成鞋底图像的综合特征.实验结果表明根据鞋底图像综合特征进行识别是很有效的.     

基于特征融合的改进粒子滤波目标跟踪算法

针对复杂背景下单一的颜色特征不能准确跟踪目标的问题,提出了一种改进的目标跟踪算法。该算法利用跟踪目标的颜色特征和运动边缘特征来表示目标。在粒子滤波的框架下融合特征信息从而进行目标跟踪,能够有效地避免单一颜色特征在跟踪过程中受到相似背景、遮挡等问题的干扰。通过与基于单一颜色特征跟踪实验误差数据的分析,实验结果表明该算法在复杂背景以及目标遮挡等情况下能达到较好的目标跟踪效果,实现目标的准确跟踪。     

基于工程图形的特征识别方法

在零件几何特征分类的基础上 ,根据工程制图的特点 ,提出了零件视图的“顶点 +边+位置”信息矩阵表示模型 ,通过多视图间关系规则的探讨 ,给出了基于DXF文件格式的几何特征识别方法 为CAD/CAPP的无缝集成提供了实施方案     

特征映射器的研究

CAD/CAPP集成技术是实现CIMS和CE的核心技术,目前还没有真正系统化、实用化的CAD/CAPP集成系统。运用特征映射技术和基于特征的设计技术来实现从设计域到制造域的信息转换和共享,从而建立CAD/CAPP之间的智能接口,在一定程度上实现CAD/CAPP的集成。     

基于特征的参数化造型的思想

介绍将参数化设计应用到特征以及特征造型中去,形成参数化的特征,并可参数化地造型。利用面向对象的技术,将造型中的特征所需要的信息封装,并可以通过继承衍生出新的特征。它融合了参数化的灵活性、特征的丰富信息以及面向对象技术的封装和继承。     

学术期刊编辑的写作学特征与实践

中国学术期刊编辑的现代写作学特征是批判性、逆向性、延续性。其批判性是通过审读来审定学术论文稿件的创新性、学术性、科学性，纠正谬误，规范文体，达到出版标准；其逆向性在于适应连接作者中断了的思维的需要，由后写作状态逆返至写作状态或前写作状态；其延续性在于继续作者中断的思维，圆满完成论文。三者相辅相成，构成一个完整的写作能力结构。