Sex-dependence in triglyceride metabolism in response to dietary carbohydrates.

In humans, as well as in mice, fed on high carbohydrate diets, there was a significant sex difference in the plasma tirglycerides in that males had higher levels than females. This was mainly due to the difference in their removal rate of circulating triglycerides in the animals of both sexes. In mice, males had higher levels of liver triglycerides as well as higher rate of incorporation of U- 14C-glucose into liver triglycerides when compared to females.     

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice

Feeding to mice of both basal as well as high sucrose diet led to increased levels of plasma triglycerides, which was associated with increased lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Although males had significantly higher LCAT activity than females in all the dietary groups, sex difference in the plasma triglycerides was observed in high sucrose group only. Increase in plasma triglycerides in experimental groups was associated with an increase in LCAT activity.     

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice. An immunofluorescent method for identification of isolated thyrotropic cells

Summary Feeding to mice of both basal as well as high sucrose diet led to increased levels of plasma triglycerides, which was associated with increased lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Although males had significantly higher LCAT activity than females in all the dietary groups, sex difference in the plasma triglycerides was observed in high sucrose group only. Increase in plasma triglycerides in experimental groups was associated with an increase in LCAT activity.     

Plasma triglyceride and β-hydroxybutyric acid levels in red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) at emergence from hibernation

Measurement of plasma levels of triglycerides and -hydroxybutyric acid in females and males of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) suggest that the former may provide a useful physiological marker of condition. Levels of triglycerides at emergence from hibernation during a month of natural aphagia were significantly greater in females than in males and she-males, a subset of the male population that mimics females. Higher levels of triglycerides in the females may be attributed to their greater body mass per unit length, which was correlated with the level of triglycerides. Plasma triglyceride levels declined in females within one month of emergence, at the onset of feeding, and were unrelated to mating.     

Protein level in the haemolymph of the waspPolistes gallicus L. at the beginning of imaginal life and during overwintering. Action of the strepsiterian parasiteXenos vesparum rossi

Summary During the imaginal life of malePolistes wasps, the protein concentration in the haemolymph remained constant. In females, there were 2 groups; one in which this concentration was also stable and another in which it increased. No difference was detected between the haemolymphatic protein level of stylopized males and normal ones. All parasitized females exhibited low haemolymph protein levels similar to those of the low level group.     

Central aromatization of testosterone in testicular feminized mice

Summary Aromatization of testosterone was examined in hypothalamic and cerebral cortex tissues from 32 mice-10 normal males, 10 normal females, 2 carrying the testicular feminized gene (Tfm) and 10 Tfm with the modifying (o^hv) gene. Total aromatization was 1.5 times greater in normal males than females. In both forms of Tfm, conversions were equal and similar to normal females.This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada.     

Effet du fluoroacétate et des rayons X sur la teneur en acide citrique du foie de la souris

Summary In contrast to rats, male mice injected with sodium fluoroacetate accumulate citrate in their livers, whereas females do not. Whole-body irradiation reduces the level of accumulated citrate in the liver as well as in other tissues of the mouse.     

全新结构抗肿瘤药物TNBG对裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制作用及药物毒副作用初步评价

目的观察TNBG对人肝癌细胞株QGY-7701裸鼠移植瘤生长抑制情况,初步评估药物的毒副作用。方法采用裸鼠复制人肝癌移植瘤模型。实验分对照组和给药组,腹腔注射给药,持续5周。治疗期间定期测量肿瘤大小,观察裸鼠生存状况。实验结束时处死裸鼠,测量肿瘤体积计算抑瘤率;眼眶取血,分离血清检测血脂、肝、肾功能;摘取裸鼠肿瘤及主要脏器组织作苏丹Ⅲ染色观察脂质沉积情况。结果TNBG对移植瘤的抑瘤率为60．1％;各实验组裸鼠血脂、肝、肾功检测与对照组比无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;苏丹Ⅲ染色显示给药组裸鼠主要脏器组织内无脂质沉积,而肿瘤组织中可见大量脂质沉积。结论TNBG对人肝癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤有较明显的抑制作用,毒副作用小,抗肿瘤作用具有选择性。     

Residual influences on fecundity in drosophilid species

Summary A residual influence of males and females on oviposition has been examined in 7 drosophilids. There was evidence for oviposition deterrence inDrosophila funebris, with males as well as females producing the inhibitory effect. In contrast, male residues stimulated oviposition inZaprionus tuberculatus. Male residues also stimulated oviposition and appeared to serve as an aggregation cue inD. melanogaster.     

Mating competitiveness and fertility of thiotepa-sterilized flies

Summary In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to study the mating competitiveness and fertility of males as well as females ofDacus dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) treated topically with thiotepa. In the mixed population, treated flies of either sex were found to be sexually more vigorous than untreated flies. However when the mating competitiveness of either sex was determined separately using various methods, treated males were found not to differ significantly in sexual competitiveness from untreated flies. Receptivity of treated and untreated females to males was also studied by the single choice method. Thiotepa-treated and untreated females were found to be equally receptive to males.     

D-Amino acids in mouse tissues are not of microbial origin

Summary Neutral free D-amino acid contents in the serum, kidney, liver, brain, small intestine and urine in germ-free mice and those in specific pathogen-free mice were compared. No significant difference was found. This strongly suggests that the free D-amino acids which were shown to be present in mice in our previous work^{1, 2} did not originate from the enteric microbial flora.     

Arylsulfatase B synthesis and clearance in inbred mouse strains

Arylsulfatase B activity levels were approximately 2-3-fold higher in adult C57BL/6J liver and kidney compared to corresponding tissues from A/J inbred mice. In vivo incorporation of tritiated leucine into C57BL/6J hepatic arylsulfatase B reached a maximum approximately 15 h after injection. The label was cleared from C57BL/6J arylsulfatase B with an apparent half-life of 36 h. The relative rates of synthesis of C57BL/6J and A/J arylsulfatase B were similar; however, the A/J enzyme was cleared more rapidly from liver tissue. C57BL/6J kidney arylsulfatase B appeared to be synthesized at a 2-3-fold higher rate than the corresponding A/J enzyme. These trends suggest genetic regulation of arylsulfatase B is effected through different means in liver and kidney from adult mice of these two inbred strains.     

Serum cholesterol levels in a Nigerian population sample

Serum cholesterol was determined in 104 healthy Nigerians (57 males and 47 females). The average cholesterol concentration was 187 +/- 72.8 mg/100 ml (mean +/- SD) with a range of 60-480 mg/100 ml. Cholesterol levels were higher in males than in females and increased with age. Distribution of cholesterol level was generally skew to the left.     

Sex differences in human circadian rhythms: Intrinsic periods and sleep fractions

Summary The period of freerunning circadian rhythms is significantly shorter and the fraction of sleep is significantly larger in human females than in males, as long as the rhythms run internally synchronized. The sex difference in the period could be a property either of the whole circadian system or of only one of the oscillators in a multi-oscillator system. The sex difference in the sleep fraction could be a fixed property of the sleep-wake rhythm or could depend on interactions in the multi-oscillator system. To investigate these questions, a sample of 33 long-term experiments, in which the rhythms ran internally synchronized in one section and internally desynchronized in another section, were analyzed. The periods of rhythms in rectal temperature were different in females and males during internal synchronization, but became identical during internal desynchronization. In contrast, sex differences in sleep-wake periods were more pronounced when the rhythms were desynchronized than when they were internally synchronized. This result provides evidence that the sex difference in periodicity is a property only of the sleep-wake rhythm; the intrinsic periods of temperature rhythms are identical in females and males, whereas those of sleep-wake rhythms are distinctly shorter in females than in males. In the state of internal synchronization, the joint period is a compromise between the intrinsic periods of the rhythms involved, and therefore it shows a small but significant sex difference. Moreover, the transition from internally synchronized to desynchronized rhythms is combined with a highly significant reduction in the sleep fraction, which is considerably greater in females than in males. These results suggest that the occurrence of internal desynchronization strongly affects the sleep-wake rhythm, and that the influence of rhythm disorders is considerably greater in females than in males.     

Influence of age on epidermal growth factor receptor level in the rat brain

Summary The influence of age on¹²⁵I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to rat brain plasma membranes was investigated. The specific binding of EGF to membranes decreased gradually with age in both male and female rats. There was no significant difference in the specific binding between males and females. Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed that the decrease in EGF binding with age was due to a decrease in the number of EGF receptors.     

Residual influences on fecundity in drosophilid species

A residual influence of males and females on oviposition has been examined in 7 drosophilids. There was evidence for oviposition deterrence in Drosophila funebris, with males as well as females producing the inhibitory effect. In contrast, male residues stimulated oviposition in Zaprionus tuberculatus. Male residues also stimulated oviposition and appeared to serve as an aggregation cue in D. melanogaster.     

Serum cholesterol levels in a nigerian population sample

Summary Serum cholesterol was determined in 104 healthy Nigerians (57 males and 47 females). The average cholesterol concentration was 187±72.8 mg/100 ml (mean±SD) with a range of 60–480 mg/100 ml. Cholesterol levels were higher in males than in females and increased with age. Distribution of cholesterol level was generally skew to the left.Acknowledgment. I am grateful to Mr S. O. Oguike an Mr O. Uzoechi for technical assistance. I also thank Dr. E. O. Anosike for his help in arranging for the subjects of study.     

Hormonal induction of steroid sulphatase in the mouse

By comparing steroid sulphatase levels per se, and also ratios to alpha-galactosidase, in 6 sets of mice - normal females, entire and castrated males both with and without exogenous testosterone administration - we obtained support for the contention that induction of this enzyme is in part controlled by male hormones.     

Hormonal induction of steroid sulphatase in the mouse

Summary By comparing steroid sulphatase levels per se, and also ratios to -galactosidase, in 6 sets of mice — normal females, entire and castrated males both with and without exogenous testosterone administration — we obtained support for the contention that induction of this enzyme is in part controlled by male hormones.     

Blockierung der Gravidität bei der Maus durch den Geruch männlicher Wurfgeschwister

Summary The incidence of the pregnancy-block caused in recently inseminated mice by the odour of strange males was not reduced when the strange males were litter mates of the stud males and/or of the females.