CO2-C4H9OH-H2O体系的立方型状态方程研究

利用PR、SRK、HK、PT状态方程（EOS）计算CO     

ZnC2O4·2H2O和CuC2O4·2H2O纳米晶的超声波固相化学反应合成与结构表征

在近室温下通过固相反应合成ZnC     

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-H2O and NaF-H2O binary solutions and NaClO4-NaF-H2O ternary solution

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO₄-H₂O and NaF-H₂O binary solutions and NaClO₄-NaF-H₂O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). A transformation coefficient was needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity, because they were usually obtained at different standard states and concentration units. The results show that transformation coefficients between the calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same components change in a very narrow range. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO₄-H₂O and NaF-H₂O binary solutions agree well with the reported activities. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO₄-NaF-H₂O ternary solution are also in good agreement with the reported activities in a total ionic strength range from 0.1 to 0.9 mol/kg H₂O by the 0.1 mol/kg step with different ionic strength fractions of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 1, respectively. The results indicate that the developed thermodynamic model can reveal the structural characteristics of binary and ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions, and the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples also strictly follow the mass action law.     

Na_2O对CaO-Al_2O_3基渣系性能的影响

分析了向CaO-Al2O3基熔渣中添加Na2O对熔渣性能的影响,并比较了几种不同的添加剂对渣系黏度的影响.研究表明:w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)=1.1时,渣系中随着Na2O含量的增加,CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度先降低后升高,在Na2O质量分数为4%处出现极小值;Na2O的添加还会导致CaO-Al2O3渣系的熔化温度升高;Na2O,Li2O和MgO都可以降低CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度,其降低渣系黏度的能力由大到小依次为Li2O>Na2O>MgO.综合考虑Na2O对渣系黏度和熔化温度的影响,Na2O在CaO-Al2O3渣系中的加入量以不超过4%为宜.     

微波辐射下苯氧乙酸锌、甘氨酸锌的固相合成及表征

研究了乙酸锌与苯氧乙酸,甘氨酸在微波辐射及这曙条件下的固－固相配位化学反应,通过固相反应一步合成了苯氧乙酸锌和甘氨酸锌。经电导率,ＩＲ,ＵＶ及元素分析表征了产物。     

Solidification and crystallization properties of CaO-SiO2-Na2O based mold fluxes

Crystallization properties play an important role in keeping a smooth running of continuous casting process and high surface quality of cast strands. To reduce fluorine pollution in slag, a new type of CaO-SiO₂-Na₂O (CSN) based mold flux was studied. The solidification and crystallization properties, including crystallization temperature, crystallization ratio and solidification mineragraphy, were measured, which were compared with the CaO-SiO₂-CaF₂ (GF) mold flux. The results show that the crystallization performance is equal to the high fluoride mold powder and CSN can be used for peritectic steel grades sensitive to longitudinal cracking in continuous casting.     

H2O/CO2污染对煤油燃料超声速燃烧影响数值研究

在纯净空气与H₂O/ CO₂污染空气来流对比试验结果基础上,采用数值计算方法和化学动力学方法,研究了H₂O和CO₂污染组分对煤油燃料超声速燃烧的影响,获得了试验手段难以得到的燃烧室流场参数和性能数据。完成了相应的煤油燃料超声速燃烧室二维数值计算,其中匹配了进口总温、总压、马赫数、氧气摩尔分数和工作当量油气比。将数值计算结果与相应试验测量值进行了对比分析,并结合燃烧室流场数据、性能参数分析了H₂O和CO₂污染的动力学影响、以及对燃烧室性能的影响。研究表明:(1)数值计算结果与实验测量值总体上吻合,两种手段均体现了纯净空气来流时不同煤油当量油气比的燃烧室性能,并反映了一致的“污染效应”影响趋势；(2) H₂O污染、H₂O+ CO₂污染的存在降低了煤油燃料超声速燃烧室性能,体现在燃烧诱导压升、燃烧效率、流向冲量增量的下降,而且随着污染组分含量的增加,燃烧室性能下降越加显著。      

ZnCl2在乙醇-水混合物中平均活度系数的测定

本文用电动势法测定了五个温度下总离子强度Ⅰ恒定为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mol·Kg-1时的ZnCl2-C2H5OH-H2O体系中ZnCl2的离子平均活度系数.实验结果表明,在温度10,15,20,25,30℃时ZnCl2的离子平均活度系数能较好地符合Harnecl规则.     

四元体系MgCl2-MgSO4-CO(NH2)2-H2O在25 ℃时的等温溶度

测定了四元体系MgCl2-MgSO4-CO(NH2)2-H2O(不含硫酸盐脱水区)在25℃时的等温溶度及相应饱和溶液的密度值和折射率.绘制了该体系的溶度图和性质图.四元体系做出了8支共饱线,3个四元无变点.溶度图有6个单饱和区,分别对应CO(NH2)2,MgSO4*CO(NH2)2*2H2O,MgCl2*4CO(NH2)2*2H2O,MgCl2*CO(NH2)2*4H2O,MgCl2*6H2O和MgSO4*xH2O(x=4,5,6,7).     

Pu(H2O)53+和Pu(H2O)54+ 团簇的相对论密度泛函研究

用TPSSTPSS密度泛函方法, Pu离子和H₂O分子分别采用相对论有效原子实势(RECP)和6-31g基组, 研究了Pu(H₂O)₅³⁺和Pu(H₂O)₅⁴⁺ 团簇溶剂化和非溶剂化效应中的几何结构及紫外可见吸收光谱. 计算结果表明: 水溶剂环境对Pu(H₂O)₅³⁺及Pu(H₂O)₅⁴⁺ 团簇的几何结构影响都比较明显. NBO电荷分析表明水分子与钚离子之间没有直接的电荷转移. 所研究团簇的未配对电子都占据5f轨道. 在气相及水溶剂环境下, 所研究团簇的紫外可见吸收光谱存在较大差距. 主要的吸收峰大都源于f电子之间的跃迁.     

PEG-400/H2O中无配体条件下卤代芳烃与芳基硼酸交叉偶联反应的研究

在无配体条件下,以聚乙二醇(PEG-400)和水为反应介质,醋酸钯为催化剂,卤代代芳烃和芳基硼酸通过交叉偶联反应合成一系列联苯类化合物(3a～3h),其结构经~1HNMR和~(13)CNMR表征,交叉偶联产率为30%～99%。PEG和水作为反应溶剂减少了对环境污染,实现了偶联反应的绿色化。     

聚乙烯醇/二甲基亚砜/水凝胶的稳定性研究

通过紫外可见分光光度计进行定量分析,建立了二甲基亚砜/水溶液紫外吸收标准曲线,分析了聚乙烯醇的PVA/DMSO/H2O凝胶在蒸馏水中浸泡时DMSO的迁出速率,同时对PVA/DMSO/H2O凝胶在水和盐水中浸泡的质量和体积稳定性进行了长时间的跟踪测定. 实验结果表明:DMSO从水凝胶中迁出的速率很快,在第4d内便已迁出约80%,第14d接近平衡. PVA/DMSO/H2O凝胶在水和盐水中浸泡时,样品的质量和体积在初始时均迅速增加,达到最高点后迅速减小继而缓慢减小,最后接近平衡状态.     

Ag_2O/FACs复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以经过酸化刻蚀改性的粉煤灰漂珠(FACs)为催化剂载体制备Ag_2O/FACs复合材料。借助SEM、XRD、FTIR、BET等对相关样品的物相结构及微观形貌进行表征,并通过亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的光降解实验评价了所制复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明,尽管FACs改性前后的结构及化学组成差别不大,但酸化刻蚀处理能有效提高FACs的吸附性能;Ag_2O/FACs复合材料在近红外光条件下对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率可达97.5%,并具有较高的催化稳定性;Ag_2O光生空穴在降解反应中起到重要作用。     

Electrical conductivity of molten LiF-DyF3-Dy2O3-Cu2O system for Dy-Cu intermediate alloy production

Dy-Cu intermediate alloys have shown substantial potential in the field of magnetostrictive and magnetic refrigerant materials. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the electrical conductivity of molten-salt systems for the preparation of Dy-Cu alloys and on optimizing the corresponding operating parameters. The electrical conductivity of molten LiF-DyF₃-Dy₂O₃-Cu₂O systems was measured from 910 to 1030℃ using the continuously varying cell constant method. The dependencies of the LiF-DyF₃-Dy₂O₃-Cu₂O system conductivity on the melt composition and temperature were examined herein. The optimal operating conditions for Dy-Cu alloy production were determined via analyses of the electrical conductivity and activation energies for conductance, which were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. The conductivity of the molten system regularly increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing concentration of Dy₂O₃ or Cu₂O or both. The activation energy E_κ of the LiF-DyF₃-Dy₂O₃ and LiF-DyF₃-Cu₂O molten-salt systems increases with increasing Dy₂O₃ or Cu₂O content. The regression functions of conductance as a function of temperature (t) and the addition of Dy₂O₃ (W(Dy₂O₃)) and Cu₂O (W(Cu₂O)) can be expressed as κ=-2.08435 + 0.0068t-0.18929W(Dy₂O₃)-0.07918W(Cu₂O). The optimal electrolysis conditions for preparing the Dy-Cu alloy in LiF-DyF₃-Dy₂O₃-Cu₂O molten salt are determined to be 2.0wt% ≤ W(Dy₂O₃) + W(Cu₂O) ≤ 3.0wt% and W(Dy₂O₃):W(Cu₂O)=1:2 at 970 to 1000℃.     

"酸处理红辉沸石-碱-铝酸钠-水”水热反应体系P型沸石的合成

用X射线衍射等测试方法研究"酸处理红辉沸石-碱-铝酸钠-水”水热反应体系混合物的硅铝的量比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3))、钠硅的量比(n(Na2O)/n(SiO2))、水钠的量比(n(H2O)/n(Na2O))以及晶化温度和晶化时间对P型沸石合成的影响;确定以酸处理红辉沸石为原料合成P型沸石的工艺流程和技术参数.工艺流程为酸处理红辉沸石→水热反应→晶化合成→过滤、洗涤→烘干→P型沸石产品;最佳技术参数为n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=3～4;n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)=1.0～1.2;n(H2O)/n(Na2O)=28～37;θ=95～100℃;t=6～8h.这为天然红辉沸石资源的开发利用开辟了新的途径.     

NH4Cl-NH3-H2O体系浸出氧化锌矿

介绍了氯化铵-氨配合浸出法直接从氧化锌矿提取锌新工艺.该工艺采用氯化铵-氨水溶液作浸出剂,使之与氧化锌矿反应得锌氨配合离子,在浸出的同时将杂质砷、锑、铁、硫酸根和碳酸根除去.实验结果表明时间、液固比对锌浸出率影响显著,而温度对锌浸出率影响不大;在综合浸出条件下,锌浸出率大于68%,氨溶锌浸出率大于93.88%(质量分数);胶体吸附除砷、锑效果明显,浸出液中砷、锑质量浓度可降至0.25mg·L     

好氧反硝化菌的脱氮性能及N_2O逸出量研究

采用SBR反应器,以硝酸钾为氮源驯化活性污泥,筛选分离出两株好氧反硝化菌X1和X2进行生理特性、脱氮性能及N2O逸出量的研究.结果表明:两菌株均能在完全好氧的条件下(DO2mg/L),利用KNO3进行反硝化,总无机氮去除率分别为72.1%和78.9%;以KNO2为氮源时,菌株X1的总无机氮去除率仅为16%,而菌株X2的总无机氮去除率则达到73%;好氧反硝化过程中菌株X1的N2O逸出量高于菌株X2,这与硝酸盐的积累相关;碳源种类对菌株N2O逸出量有较大影响,琥珀酸钠做碳源时N2O逸出量最高.     

南极苔原近地面CO2、CH4、N2O浓度和通量的相互关系

在南极苔原,首次系统地研究了近地面CO2,CH4,N2O浓度及通量的相互关系,结果表明：天气条件对三种温室气体浓度日变化影响较大,在天气较晴稳及雪天条件下,CO2与CH4,N2O浓度日变化存在明显的消失关系,而在雨天这三种气体浓度日变化趋势基本一致,整个夏季CO2与CH4浓度变化趋势基本一致,而N2O却与二者浓度的变化趋势相反,另外,在雨,雪天气条件下CH4,N2O通量日变化存在消长关系,整个夏季二者的通量变化也存在明显的消长关系,南极苔原土壤对CH4主要起着汇的作用,对N2O主要起着源的作用,此外,CO2浓度变化对苔原CH4通量有较大影响,CO2浓度增加会适当减缓CH4汇的作用,甚至使南极苔原由CH4的汇变为源。