理性看待甲型H1N1流感疫情

继墨西哥、美国、英国、韩国等国相继出现甲型H1N1流感疫情后，2009年5月11日，中国内地也确诊了首例甲型H1N1流感病例。截至6月12日，全球确诊甲型H1N1流感病例已达28774例，我国内地也确诊126例。世界卫生组织警告：甲型H1N1流感比禽流感更可怕。甲型H1N1流感病毒早晚都会发生变异，使甲型H1N1流感能轻易在人与人之间传播，     

关于甲型H1N1流感防控的探讨

本文主要介绍甲型H1N1流感的特性,并结合工作实际对甲型H1N1流感的防控作了深入的探讨,对于群发性传染疾病的预防护理给出指导性意见。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒病原学特征

自从2009年3月18日墨西哥发现的首例甲型H1N1流感病例以来,在众多国家科研工作者的共同努力下,这种新流感病毒已经开始慢慢向人们揭开面纱。尤其是2009年4月27日公布从美国加利福尼亚州患者身上获得并分离得到的病毒基因序列后,研究人员陆续获得初步研究成果。研究表明：这种病毒基因组由禽流感、猪流感和人流感病毒基因混合而成,是一种新型的甲型H1N1流感病毒,它所引起的流感具有高度传染、传播迅速、易流行的特点。该病毒既有甲型流感病毒的共有特征,也有其特殊性。本文对该病毒的分类与命名、基因组结构特点与变异、相关蛋白及其功能作一综述以便对甲型H1N1流感的诊断、预防、治疗有所帮助。     

论科学的体育锻炼在预防H1N1流感的作用

甲型H1N1流感在学校和人群聚集性的地域爆发,并且出现了死亡病例.新一轮甲流疫情在2009年秋冬暗流涌动,面对新一轮汹涌的甲型H1N1流感,更多的还需要我们回到对甲流的防控上来.本文研讨了如何通过体育锻炼未预防甲流的侵蚀.     

甲型H1N1流行与气象因子显著关联

2009年3月18日,墨西哥发现甲型H1N1流感疑似病例:2009年4月21日,美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)报告2名儿童感染甲型H1N1流感病毒.随后,墨西哥、美国、加拿大等国家出现大量病例,甲型H1N1流感自美洲暴发流行.随着甲型H1N1流感在全球蔓延,世界卫生组织(WHO)将警告级别由3级逐渐提升为6级,表明全球进入流感大流行阶段.截至2010年4月14日,超过213个国家和地区报告了经实验室确诊的甲型H1N1流感病例,至少17770人死亡.     

甲型H1N1流感在预防控制措施下的传播数学模型构建

从数学应用的角度,研究甲型H1N1流感的传播规律,将人群分为易感人群、病毒潜伏人群、发病人群、退出者人群四类. 分析了甲型H1N1流感在人群间的转化过程;日接触率和"聚集性突然爆发"事件被数学刻画,尝试性地构建了一个在预防控制阶段的传播数学模型.     

应对疫情危机 越是透明越安全

<正>继墨西哥出现甲型H1N1流感疫情后,美国、英国、韩国等国相继出现甲型H1N1流感疫情。世卫组织警告:甲型H1N1流感比禽流感更可怕。甲型H1N1流感病毒早     

2009年北京市甲型H1N1流行的气象因子与时空传播风险

 2009年8月初,甲型H1N1逐步在北京市本地人群中大范围传播扩散。实验室检测表明,甲型H1N1阳性病例占流感样病例的比例（从0.0086到0.7035）呈逐步上升趋势。本研究利用相关性统计分析方法,探索了2009年8月3日—11月8日甲型H1N1阳性率和4个气象因子（气温、相对湿度、降水量、风速）之间的关联关系。结果表明,甲型H1N1阳性率与气温的相关系数为-0.9458（P<0.05）,甲型H1N1阳性率与相对湿度的相关系数为-0.4581（P<0.1）,干冷环境下的甲型H1N1阳性率显著偏高。本研究构建了利用气温和相关湿度估算甲型H1N1阳性率的逻辑斯谛模型,反演得到了北京市每个区县每天的甲型H1N1阳性率,分析了北京市甲型H1N1流行的时空传播风险。     

甲型H1N1流感超敏感诊断方法的建立及优化

利用几种助沉剂和核酸纯化方法富集病毒RNA,建立甲型H1N1流感超敏感诊断方法。收集31份甲型H1N1流感确诊病人提取的病毒RNA,稀释至1000分之一倍后分别应用酵母tRNA、糖原、AcrylCarrier助沉剂和磁珠、硅胶颗粒和离心柱的9种组合进行病毒RNA的富集,富集后分别进行RealtimePCR检测。并对检测结果进行统计学分析。利用几种助沉剂和核酸纯化方法的组合时,发现磁珠+AcrylCarrier助沉剂方法是最佳的核酸富集方法,能够大大提高病毒核酸的检出效率。建立了甲型H1N1流感超敏感诊断方法,该方法能够大大提高甲型H1N1流感的检出率。     

甲型HINI流感防疫知识

一.甲型H1N1流感是什么甲型H1N1流感是由猪流感病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病。二.现发地方现在其高发区是墨西哥,美国。4月13日墨西哥因感染甲型     

Genome evolution of novel influenza A （H1N1 ） viruses in humans

The epidemic situation of A H1N1 flu arose in North America in April 2009, which rapidly expanded to three continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, with the risk ranking up to 5. Until May 13th, the flu virus of A H1N1 had spread into 33 countries and regions, with a laboratory confirmed case number of 5728, including 61 deaths. Based on IRV and EpiFluDB database, 425 parts of A H1N1 flu virus sequence were achieved, followed by sequenced comparison and evolution analysis. The results showed that the current predominant A H1N1 flu virus was a kind of triple reassortment A flu virus： （i） HA, NA, MP, NP and NS originated from swine influenza virus; PB2 and PA originated from bird influenza virus; PB1 originated from human influenza virus. （ii） The origin of swine influenza virus could be subdivided as follows： HA, NP and NS originated from classic swine influenza virus of H1N1 subtype; NA and MP originated from bird origin swine influenza virus of H1N1 subtype. （iii） A H1N1 flu virus experienced no significant mutation during the epidemic spread, accompanied with no reassortment of the virus genome. In the paper, the region of the representative strains for sequence analysis （A/California/04/2009 （H1N1） and A/Mexico/4486/2009 （H1N1）） included USA and Mexico and was relatively wide, which suggested that the analysis results were convincing.     

Structure modeling and spatial epitope analysis for HA protein of the novel H1N1 influenza virus

In recent months, a novel influenza virus H1N1 broke out around the world. With bioinformatics technology, the 3D structure of HA protein was obtained, and the epitope residues were predicted with the method developed in our group for this novel flu virus. 58 amino acids were identified as potential epitope residues, the majority of which clustered at the surface of the globular head of HA protein. Although it is located at the similar position, the epitope of HA protein for the novel H1N1 flu virus has obvious differences in the electrostatic potential compared to that of HA proteins from previous flu viruses.     

The novel H1N1 Influenza A global airline transmission and early warning without travel containments

A novel influenza A (H1N1) has been spreading worldwide. Early studies implied that international air travels might be key cause of a severe potential pandemic without appropriate containments. In this study, early outbreaks in Mexico and some cities of United States were used to estimate the preliminary epidemic parameters by applying adjusted SEIR epidemiological model, indicating transmissibility infectivity of the virus. According to the findings, a new spatial allocation model totally based on the real-time airline data was established to assess the potential spreading of H1N1 from Mexico to the world. Our estimates find the basic reproductive number R0 of H1N1 is around 3.4, and the effective reproductive number fall sharply by effective containment strategies. The finding also implies Spain, Canada, France, Panama, Peru are the most possible country to be involved in severe endemic H1N1 spreading.     

Special features of the 2009 pandemic swine-origin influenza A H1N1 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

Since the 2009 pandemic H1N1 swine-origin influenza A virus (09 S-OIV) has reminded the world about the global threat of the ever changing influenza virus,many questions regarding the detailed re-assortment of influenza viruses yet remain unanswered.Influenza A virus is the causative agent of the pandemic flu and contains 2 major antigenic glycoproteins on its surface:(i) hemagglutinin (HA);and (ii) neuraminidase (NA).The structures of the 09 S-OIV HA and NA proteins (09H1 and 09N1) have recently been resolved in our laboratory and provide some clues as to why the 09 S-OIV re-assortment virus is highly infectious with severe consequences in humans.For example,the 09H1 is highly similar to the HA of the 1918 influenza A pandemic virus in overall structure and especially in regards to its 5 defined antibody binding epitopes.For 09N1,its most distinctive feature is the lack of a 150-loop active site cavity,which was previously predicted to be present in all N1 NAs,and we hypothesize that the 150-loop may play a important role in the substrate specificity (α2,3 or α2,6 linked sialic acid receptors) and enzymatic mechanism of influenza NA.Combination of the HA and NA with special characteristics for the 09 S-OIV might contribute to its high increased transmissibility in humans.     

Sequence and epitope analysis of surface proteins of avian influenza H5N1 viruses from Asian patients

Avian influenza virus strain H5N1 is a highly patho- genic type A influenza virus that has caused several outbreaks of severe poultry plagues in the past. H5N1 preferentially binds to receptors with α2-3 linked sialic acids on the surface of avian epithe…     

The mutation network for the hemagglutinin gene from the novel influenza A （H1N1 ） virus

A mutation network for the hemagglutinin gene （HA） of the novel type A （H1N1） influenza virus was constructed. Sequence homology analysis indicated that one HA sequence type from the viruses mainly isolated from Mexico was likely the original type in this epidemic. Based on the 658A and 1408T mutations in HA, the viruses evolving into this epidemic were divided into three categories, the Mexico, the transitional and the New York type. The three groups of viruses presented distinctive clustering features in their geographic distributions.     

H5N1的结构与致病机制

以禽流感病毒H5N1的两种基质蛋白HA、NA的结构为基础,分析了H5N1的基因结构,探索其毒力基础和致病的分子机制.     

H5N1高致病性禽流感疫情及各国应对措施循证评价

通过分析全球禽流感疫情应对措施和绩效,为突发公共卫生事件应急机制提供决策依据。采用循证卫生决策的研究方法,全面收集权威官方消息和数据进行筛选、加工和分析,得出可靠证据。2003年-2006年5月全球共发生3波禽流感疫情,主要与候鸟迁徒和病毒输入有关。国际上主要通过宰杀和疫苗来防控禽流感,各国防控绩效取决于多种因素。我国应对禽流感疫情绩效突出。现有证据表明宰杀病禽、隔离疲区和教育公众是行之有效的防控禽流感措施。     

Avian flu: isolation of drug-resistant H5N1 virus

The persistence of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in many Asian countries and their ability to cause fatal infections in humans have raised serious concerns about a global flu pandemic. Here we report the isolation of an H5N1 virus from a Vietnamese girl that is resistant to the drug oseltamivir, which is an inhibitor of the viral enzyme neuraminidase and is currently used for protection against and treatment of influenza. Further investigation is necessary to determine the prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant H5N1 viruses among patients treated with this drug.