非嵌插类DNA结合药物的碱基序列特异性

本文讨论了非嵌插类DNA结合药物的碱基序列特异性,这对于探讨药物与DNA相互作用的分子机制是很有意义的。通过这些探索,得到了一些有意义的结果。     

中性红与CT-DNA的作用机理

脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)是所有生物的基本遗传物质,DNA与识别分子,尤其是与药物分子相互作用的电化学和光谱研究是生物电化学研究中的前沿领域之一 [1].电化学研究可以得到DNA与识别分子相互作用的宏观信息,而光谱研究则有助于从分子水平上理解两者的作用机理.本文用电化学方法,结合傅立叶变换红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱光谱技术首次研究了吩嗪类染料～中性红(NR)与小牛胸腺DNA(CT-DNA)的相互作用,讨论了相互作用的机理.     

阿霉素与DNA作用的共振光散射研究及其在分析中的应用

抗癌药物与DNA分子间的相互作用研究,对阐明药物抗癌活性的机制以及以DNA为靶分子的药物筛选都具有非常重要的意义[1].目前的研究方法主要有吸收光谱法、荧光光谱法、拉曼光谱法、圆二色谱法等[2].     

二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物与DNA相互作用研究

DNA是遗传信息的携带者和基因表达的物质基础,药物分子与DNA的结合能够阻碍DNA的复制,使癌细胞的生长得到有效抑制.研究药物小分子与生物大分子的相互作用,有助于从分子水平上理解某些抗癌药物的作用机理,对设计临床上更为有效、毒副作用更低的新药具有十分重要的意义[1,2].     

DNA与小分子相互作用的研究进展

概述了能与DNA发生相互作用的小分子的种类和不同小分子与DNA相互作用的方式、机理,并对DNA与小分子相互作用研究的常用方法,以及这些方法的特点进行了评述。最后对其发展前景,尤其是对药物分子与DNA相互作用的未来发展方向进行了展望与预测。     

秋水仙碱与DNA的相互作用

298.15K下,应用等温微量热法研究了抗肿瘤药物秋水仙碱（COL）与小牛胸腺DNA（ctDNA）结合作用,测定了药物与DNA分子的结合比、结合常数、结合焓变（△H°）、熵变（△S°）及吉布斯自由能变（△G°）等热力学参数.结合应用紫外-可见吸收光谱及荧光光谱研究了秋水仙碱与小牛胸腺DNA的分子间相互作用,探讨了药物对DNA分子构象的影响.     

红霉素与DNA相互作用的电化学研究

采用循环伏安法和交流阻抗技术研究了药物红霉素分子与DNA的相互作用。实验表明,红霉素在DNA修饰玻碳电极上有较强烈的吸附,可以与DNA发生相互作用,其作用模式为嵌入模式;通过交流阻抗技术,研究了红霉素在DNA修饰玻碳电极表面与DNA作用的表观异相电子转移速率常数kf,其结果与循环伏安实验的研究结论一致。通过该实验可以对红霉素的药物学性质以及药理作用提供理论依据。     

钯卟啉与RNA相互作用的室温磷光研究

研究水溶性金属卟啉配合物与核酸的相互作用方式,对获得核酸的碱基序列和识别核酸的结构进而设计新型药物具有重要意义[1].Pd-TAPP分子与DNA有相互作用[2],RNA分子具有与DNA相似的局部双螺旋区域,推测Pd-TAPP也会与RNA相互作用.     

核酸与药物分子相互作用模式及研究进展

介绍了核酸与药物分子相互作用模式,并围绕药物小分子与核酸相互作用的模式-非共价作用、共价作用、剪切作用,探讨了对这种作用模式进行研究的方法进展。提出了综合应用多种分析方法进行研究药物分子和核酸的作用模式。     

激发态DNA碱基对分子间相互作用的理论研究

[目的]利用本课题组发展的定量分析方法研究激发态DNA碱基对分子间相互作用的本质,以及不同类型的电子跃迁对DNA碱基对分子间相互作用的影响.[方法]采用广义Kohn-Sham能量分解分析方法(generalized Kohn-Sham based energy decomposition analysis, GKS-EDA),对两种Waston-Crick构型和两种stacked构型的DNA碱基对分子间相互作用本质进行理论研究.[结果]对于Waston-Crick构型的碱基对,n→π^*跃迁削弱了轨道极化作用但加强了电子相关作用,激发态分子间相互作用由电子相关作用主导,而π→π^*跃迁对分子间氢键影响较小;对于stacked构型的碱基对,π→π^*跃迁削弱了静电相互作用但增强了电子相关作用.[结论] Waston-Crick构型碱基对分子间相互作用本质受电子激发跃迁影响较大,而电子激发跃迁基本不改变stacked构型碱基对分子间相互作用本质.     

统计物理学基础研究新进展

统计物理学基础研究主要针对3个基本问题:平衡态的由来、系综理论如何描述热力学测量以及非平衡定态的一般理论.本文总结了最近几年统计物理学在这些基本问题,尤其是在非平衡态一般理论研究上所取得的进展.强相互作用系统的计算方法是统计物理学,甚至是整个物理学的基本问题.本文除了处理非平衡态的一般框架外,还初步整理了这一框架在相互作用系统上的应用与发展.     

生命形成的有序性探讨

从生命起源的系统演化及生物的个体发育两方面,运用普利高津耗散结构的自组织理论分析了液晶态在生命启动中可能的作用途径,对生命的形成提出了几点新认识,并从分子生物学及太极八卦的统一物场思路的角度对中心法则做出新的解释.     

4-乙酰氧基TEMPO晶体结构特征与有机铁磁性

合成了 4-乙酰氧基 - 2 ,2 ,6,6-四甲基哌啶 - 1 -氧 ( 4 -乙酰氧基 TEMPO,化合物 A) ,进行了晶体结构分析 ,比较了该化合物与 4-甲基丙烯酰氧基 TEMPO(化合物 B)和 4-丙烯酰氧基 TEMPO(化合物 C)在成晶时分子间接触位置及相互作用的异同 ,说明了 4-乙酰氧基 TEMPO成晶结构特征 .由化合物 B,C铁磁性差异与分子结构及晶体结构关系的讨论 ,提出需对更多结构类似的化合物进行实验 ,以理解有机铁磁性产生的结构根源     

The Principle of Interaction between Plastic Volumetric and Shear Strains for Unsaturated Soils

The principle of interaction between plastic volumetric and shear strains for rock and soil has been extended to the field of unsaturated soils. Two new interactions of suction-plastic volumetric strain and pore air pressure-plastic volumetric strain appear in the unsaturated state of a soil except the interaction between plastic volumetric and shear strains. It is very important to find that the suction possesses a dual property, which is the origin of generating its special functions. Thereby the effect of the suction on volumetric strain includes two opposite aspects. By means of this property of suction, the physical significance of effective stress parameter, effects of suction on volume change and preconsolidation pressure, and the mechanism of collapse upon wetting all can be explained. In addition, it is theoretically proved by application of this principle of interaction that the critical state line for unsaturated soils exists, and is unique and independent of the stress history.     

Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of flavonoids and estrogen receptors based on docking

Flavonoids are endocrine disrupting compounds that occur ubiquitously in foods of plant origin.The Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (3D-QSAR) model based on ligand-receptor docking is established between 20 flavonoids and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα),which may provide further theoretical basis for research on the relationship between flavones and estrogen.Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was employed and the best results of cross-validation and non cross validatio...     

新建本科院校大学生成就动机的调查研究

采用成就动机量表对某新建本科院校在校大学生成就动机的现状进行调查,结果发现:新建本科院校大学生的成就动机在性别、学历和家庭来源3个变量上不存在统计学上显著的交互作用;成就动机在性别分类上存在差异;在追求成功动机上男女大学生不存在显著差异;在避免失败动机上,女生显著高于男生;在总成就动机上,大一大二学生显著大于大三学生,其他年级不存在显著差异;专科生成就动机高于本科生。     

分子间高缔合比例疏水聚合物研究(Ⅰ)

分析了目前疏水缔合聚合物在研究和应用中的存在问题,认为主要原因是聚合物分子结构设计不当和聚合反应控制不当。分析了环境疏水缔合作用HAWP流变性之间的相互作用关系,认为疏水缔合作用是HAWP水溶液中形成可逆的超分子结构和溶液保持其结构流体特性的根本原因,而分子设计的手段可以实现对分子链内缔合/分子链间缔合动态平衡的调节。分析了疏水缔合作用与HAWP溶液耐温抗盐性能之间的关系,提出了设计分子间高缔合比例疏水缔合聚合物的分子设计目标：通过调节所引入疏水基团参与溶液超分子缔合结构的效率,使其溶液的耐温抗盐性能得到进一步提高,同时尽可能降低因疏水基团的引入带来的负面影响。     

The origin of the vertebrate jaw:Intersection between developmental biology-based model and fossil evidence

The origin of the vertebrate jaw has been reviewed based on the molecular,developmental and paleontological evidences.Advances in developmental genetics have accumulated to propose the heterotopy theory of jaw evolution,i.e.the jaw evolved as a novelty through a heterotopic shift of mesenchyme-epithelial interaction.According to this theory,the disassociation of the nasohypophyseal complex is a fundamental prerequisite for the origin of the jaw,since the median position of the nasohypophyseal placode in cyclostome head development precludes the forward growth of the neural-crest-derived craniofacial ectomesenchyme.The potential impacts of this disassociation on the origin of the diplorhiny are also discussed from the molecular perspectives.Thus far,our study on the cranial anatomy of galeaspids,a 435-370-million-year-old ’ostracoderm’ group from China and northern Vietnam,has provided the earliest fossil evidence for the disassociation of nasohypophyseal complex in vertebrate phylogeny.Using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomography,we further show some derivative structures of the trabeculae(e.g.orbitonasal lamina,ethmoid plate) in jawless galeaspids,which provide new insights into the reorganization of the vertebrate head before the evolutionary origin of the jaw.These anatomical observations based on new techniques highlight the possibility that galeaspids are,in many respects,a better proxy than osteostracans for reconstructing the pre-gnathostome condition of the rostral part of the braincase.The cranial anatomy of galeaspids reveals a number of derived characters uniquely shared with gnathostomes.This raises the potential possibility that galeaspids might be the closest jawless relatives of jawed vertebrates.Our study provides an intriguing example of intersection between developmental biology-based model and fossil evidence.     

Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator

Since the time of Darwin, evolutionary biologists have been fascinated by the spectacular adaptations to insect pollination exhibited by orchids. However, despite being the most diverse plant family on Earth, the Orchidaceae lack a definitive fossil record and thus many aspects of their evolutionary history remain obscure. Here we report an exquisitely preserved orchid pollinarium (of Meliorchis caribea gen. et sp. nov.) attached to the mesoscutellum of an extinct stingless bee, Proplebeia dominicana, recovered from Miocene amber in the Dominican Republic, that is 15-20 million years (Myr) old. This discovery constitutes both the first unambiguous fossil of Orchidaceae and an unprecedented direct fossil observation of a plant-pollinator interaction. By applying cladistic methods to a morphological character matrix, we resolve the phylogenetic position of M. caribea within the extant subtribe Goodyerinae (subfamily Orchidoideae). We use the ages of other fossil monocots and M. caribea to calibrate a molecular phylogenetic tree of the Orchidaceae. Our results indicate that the most recent common ancestor of extant orchids lived in the Late Cretaceous (76-84 Myr ago), and also suggest that the dramatic radiation of orchids began shortly after the mass extinctions at the K/T boundary. These results further support the hypothesis of an ancient origin for Orchidaceae.     

Studies on biomechanics of skeletal muscle based on the working mechanism of myosin motors: An overview

Skeletal muscle is the source of human body motion.Many scholars have been studying in this field to reveal its contraction mechanism,and relevant achievements have been awarded the Nobel Prize.This paper reviewed the current researches on biomechanics of skeletal muscle,and concluded two strategies(top-down and bottom-up methods) for the biomechanical research of skeletal muscle.Moreover,this paper generalized two major aspects of muscle research:(1) the multi-force coupling mechanism and the collective operation mechanism of molecular motors;(2) the bioelectrochemical driving and control principium of muscle contraction.We discussed the solution for experimental verification and induced a novel idea to study the biomechanics of skeletal muscle based on the microscopic working mechanism of molecular motor,which is the origin of muscle contraction.Finally we analyzed the disadvantages in existent researches and explored future directions that need further studies.