纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性

基于变插入层介电常数的多层绝缘结构能改善电场分布、提高真空沿面闪络特性.通过真空热压烧结制备了TiO2/Al2O3-Al2O3-TiO2/Al2O3(A-B-A)3层绝缘结构,A层w(TiO2)为0.5%到20%.测量了该绝缘结构的真空沿面闪络特性,发现闪络特性随w(TiO2)的增加而提高,当w(TiO2)为20%时,其脉冲初次闪络电压较同等厚度的Al2O3陶瓷提高了63%.研究发现:A层的介电常数可由w(TiO2)调控,介电常数的增大能有效降低真空-绝缘子-阴极三结合点处的电场强度;A层表面存在的TiO2颗粒可以减小二次电子发射系数并改善表面电荷分布;TiO2的电导率虽比Al2O3高,但其仍为绝缘体,即使TiO2含量较高时也不会形成贯穿的导电通道.     

Effect of Fe2O3 on the size and components of spinel crystals in the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3 system

size of spinel crystals in the CaO-SiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ system was investigated using lab experiments carried out in a carbon tube furnace. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the microstructure, components, and the mineral phases of synthetic slags. FactSage 7.1 was used to calculate the crystallization process of the molten slag. The results showed that the addition of Fe₂O₃ promoted the precipitation of spinel crystals and inhibited the formation of dicalcium silicate. The size of spinel crystals increased from 2.74 to 8.10 μm and the contents of chromium and iron in the spinel varied as the Fe₂O₃ addition was increased from 0 to 20wt%. Fe₂O₃ thermodynamically provided the spinel-forming components to enhance the formation of FeCr₂O₄, MgFe₂O₄, and Fe₃O₄. The addition of Fe₂O₃ increased the fraction of liquid phase in a certain temperature range and promoted diffusion by decreasing the slag's viscosity. Therefore, Fe₂O₃ is beneficial to the growth of spinel crystals in stainless steel slag.     

CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃陶瓷的制备及化学稳定性研究

玻璃陶瓷是固化处理中、高放废物和α废物较为理想的候选材料之一。研究了特定条件下制备的CaO-ZrO2-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2体系玻璃陶瓷在水淬和空气中自然冷却的两种冷却制度对其结晶行为和显微结构的影响,用粉末浸泡实验方法测试了其化学稳定性。结果表明:自然冷却形成的玻璃陶瓷晶相主要是ZrSiO4和ZrTiO4;在25～70℃范围内,温度对玻璃陶瓷浸出率无明显影响,90℃下浸出率比25℃,40℃,70℃的浸出率高一个数量级;7 d元素总的归一化浸出为1.87 g/m2。     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

La2O3—Ni／MgAl2O4催化剂的抗积炭性能研究

采用脉冲反应和程序升温氧化反应考察了Ni/MgAl2O4和La2O3-Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂上CO歧化和甲烷催化分解的程度。结果表明,在相同处理条件下,Ni/MgAl2O4催化上CO的歧化程度远高于La2O3-Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂,Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂上甲烷分解产生的积炭量是La2O3-Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂上的4．28倍。利用甲烷处理La2O3-Ni/MgAl2O4催化上,其X光电子能谱（XPS）的C1s谱中的NixC的结合能比Ni/MgAl2O4催化剂高。这证实了催化上中较高正价态镧的存在,使得还原态催化剂的金属镍表面电子向镧上迁移;还原态金属粒子电子浓度降低,使得催化剂上CO歧化和甲烷分解反应的速率降低,从而使催化剂表现出较强的抗积炭能力。     

Al2O3-SiO2∶Ln3+发光陶瓷的合成及发光行为

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成出了Al     

CaO-Al2O3-P2O5玻璃的结构与相变

FT-IP分析表明,50CaO     

Fe2O3转变为Fe3O4粉末的微波碳热还原

以活性炭为还原剂及以氩气为保护气,采用微波碳热还原的方法,将弱磁性的Fe2O3还原成强磁性的Fe3O4,并研究焙烧温度、保温时间以及SiO2粉末的加入对其还原焙烧成分及磁化效果的影响规律.结果表明:在配碳量一定的条件下,焙烧温度是微波碳热还原的关键因素,随着温度的升高,还原产物中Fe3O4的含量发生有规律的变化;650℃、保温5 min的条件下经微波还原后生成了纯Fe3O4粉末,其磁化率和还原度分别达到理论值2.33和11.11%;含SiO2的Fe2O3粉末在750℃以上进行微波还原,会生成大量的硅酸亚铁和氧化亚铁,导致Fe3O4含量降低,恶化还原焙烧指标,所以微波磁化焙烧的最佳温度应在570~650℃.     

Yb2O3、Al2O3、TiO2对Yb-TZP材料性能的影响

用超细ZrO     

TiO2微粉对Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3浇注料性能的影响

马克思的市民社会决定国家理论的形成,经历了一个思想交锋、自我批判、绵延提升直至最终导出唯物史观之创建的逻辑进程。马克思立足于《莱茵报》时期的感性经历,先后运用哲学、历史学和政治经济学的方法和知识对黑格尔理性国家观进行系统的理论清算,纠正了黑格尔的市民社会与国家关系的“历史错位”,首次确立了“社会本体论”原则。市民社会决定国家理论的形成是标志着唯物史观开始诞生的第一命题。分析马克思市民社会决定国家理论的发展脉络和演进逻辑,有利于澄清马克思市民社会理论与唯物史观的内在关联,科学评价市民社会理论在历史唯物主义中的历史地位。     

固体超强酸S2O8^2—／ZrO2—Al2O3催化合成对羟基苯甲酸乙酯

报道了一种以对羟基苯甲酸和乙醇为原料合成对羟基苯甲酸乙酯的新方法,即在固体超强酸S2O8^2-/ZrO2-Al2O催化下,用子筛作脱水剂,采用索氏提取器进行回流脱水直接酯化。并考察醇酸比、反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对酯产率的影响。     

烧结助剂Cr2O3、Mn2O3的添加对ZTM陶瓷常温性能的影响

通过对试样的断裂强度、断裂韧性、相对密度、气孔率、玻璃相含量以及显微结构的研究,探讨了Cr     

Preparation, crystallization, and wetting of ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics for sealing to Kovar

A novel type of ZnO-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glass-ceramics sealing to Kovar in electronic packaging was developed, whose thermal expansion coefficient and electrical resistance are 5.2×10-6/℃ and over 1×1013 Ω·cm, respectively. The major crystalline phases in the glass-ceramic seals were ZnAl₂O₄, ZnB₂O₄, and NaSiAl₂O₄. The dielectric resistance of the glass-ceramic could be remarkably enhanced through the control of alkali metal ions into crystal lattices. It was found that crystallization happened first on the surface of the sample, leaving the amorphous phase in the inner, which made the glass suitable for sealing. The glass-ceramic showed better wetting on the Kovar surface, and sealing atmosphere and temperature had great effect on the wetting angle. Strong interracial bonding was obtained, which was mainly attributed to the interracial reaction between SiO₂ and FeO or Fe₃O₄.     

SO42-/Bi2O3-Al2O3催化水合肼还原硝基苯制备苯胺

以Bi(NO3)3和AlCl3为原料,采用共沉淀法制备了固体酸催化剂SO42-/Bi2O3-Al2O3。探讨了SO42-/Bi2O3-Al2O3催化水合肼还原硝基苯的催化活性。结果表明:催化剂中n(Bi):n(Al)=1:15,以10%的(NH4)2SO4浸渍所得的催化剂具有较高活性。红外光谱表明,催化剂中存在B酸中心,能有效地提高催化剂的性能。此还原方法反应条件温和,催化剂制备简单。     

PREPARATION OF COMPLEX ZrO2-Y2O3 SOL

Complex ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ sol were prepared from precursors of inorganic salts and metal alkoxides. The processes for complex ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ sol preparation and purification, the sol-gel transformation and the characterization of the sol from the two kinds of precursors were discussed and compared. It was found that the colloidal particles were amorphous in nature, and extremely fine (<10nm) in the both cases. ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ coatings on GH220 superalloy samples MCrAlX (M=Fe, Co, Ni, X=Y, Ta,Hf…) pre-coated) were prepared using sols from the two different processes and tested at 1000 ℃ for 100 h in laboratory air. Results showed that only the coatings from the metal alkoxides derived sol offered excellent oxidation resistance.     

FeO影响CaO-SiO_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3体系中含铬尖晶石晶体析出的热力学分析

不锈钢渣中的铬以尖晶石矿物相状态赋存时不易溶出,有利于钢渣的资源化利用。本文基于熔体非平衡凝固理论,采用热力学数据库FactSage 7.0研究了FeO添加量对CaO-SiO_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3不锈钢渣体系中尖晶石晶体析出温度、析出量、化学组成及铬元素赋存状态的影响规律。模拟计算结果表明,尖晶石晶体为高温析出相,主要由MgCr_2O_4和FeCr_2O_4组成;随着FeO添加量不断增多,尖晶石晶体的析出温度逐渐降低,其最终析出量逐渐增加,析出物中FeCr_2O_4所占比例增加而MgCr_2O_4相对减少;铬元素的赋存状态未受FeO添加量变化影响,仍以尖晶石固溶体形式存在。     

在Na3AlF6-AlF3-CaF2-LiF-Al2O3体系中低温铝电解

Based on the main physico-chemical properties of Na₃AlF₆-AlF₃-CaF₂-LiF-Al₂O₃ system studied, including liquidus temperature、electrical conductivity and bath density, a laboratory scale vertical discharging aluminum type electrolysis cell of about 100A capacity was run with TiB₂ cathodes and low molar ratio(1.5～2.0) electrolytes at 800～930℃ range. Aluminum metal was obtained with 84.6%～88.3% current efficiencies and 11.54～11.83 kW^.h/kg specific energy consumption.     

复合氧化物Co3O4/Bi2O3对甲苯的光催化作用

采用微乳法制备复合氧化物Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃纳米粒子， 用TG-DTA， XRD， XPS和FT-IR对其表征， 以甲苯为气相有机污染物研究Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃的光催化活性. 结果表明， 微乳法制备的Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃粒子光催化活性优于纯氧化铋； 活性的提高程度与n(Co) ∶n(Bi)有关， 其最佳配比为0.02 ∶1； 光催化活性随焙烧温度升高而增大, 750 ℃焙烧的样品催化活性最好.