生成子空间的拓广及其等价定义

1 生成子空间的定义设V是数域P上的一个线性空间,S(?)V,且S≠Ф.令A={W│W是V的子空间,W(?)S}.显然V本身是包含S的一个子空间,故V∈A,因而A≠Ф,令K=(?)w命题1:K=(?)W是V的子空间证明 首先,(?)W∈A 因为W是V的子空间,所以O∈W,故O∈K,因而K(?)V,且K≠Ф.     

由方阵诱导的某些子代数结构的同构刻画

用Pn×n表示数域P上全体n×n矩阵构成的集合,那么Pn×n构成数域P上的一个线性空间,同时它又构成一个环.在同构意义下,Pn×n的子空间的个数以及左(右)理想的个数被刻画.     

线性子空间、线性变换的一个判别定理

在一般高等代数、线性代数中,关于子空间有这样的判别定理:定理1 数域 p 上的线性空间 V 的一个非空子集 W 是 V 的一个子空间的充分必要条件是:1)如果α,β∈W,则α β∈W;2)如果α∈W,α∈P,则αα∈W.除此定理之外,还有一个判别定理。定理2 数域 P 上的线性空间 V 的一个非空子集 W,是 V 的一个子空间的充分必要     

带有有序基的向量空间中的Sharp vector及其应用

本文通过对有限维以及无限维向量空间V中给定的一组基B赋予序结构,构造子空间W中所有sharp vectors,并借助中所有sharp vectors作为子空间W的基的性质,给出有限维向量空间中的一些熟悉的命题的新证明,新证明比线性代数中的证明更加简洁,容易.最后本文给出有限维向量空间V的子空间W的所有sharp vectors的存在性证明.     

关于方程组A′AX=A′B的解及其在欧氏空间中意义的讨论

在欧氏空间理论向量到子空间距离的讨论中,有一条重要性质: (β—γ)⊥W(?)|β—γ|≤|β-δ|(?)γ是β在W上的正射影。其中,W是欧氏空间V的非零子空间,β是V中给定向量,δ是W中任意向量。用几何语言来说,即“向量β与子空间W中各向量的距离以垂线为最短”。作为这条性质的一个应用,可以得到不相容线性方程组     

路和圈的联的Wiener指数

G=(V,E)是一个简单连通图,其中V和E分别为G的顶点集和边集.一个图G的Wiener指数W(G)是指图G中所有顶点对之间的距离之和,即W(G)=∑{u,v}■G dG(u,v).文章给出了Pn∨Pm和Pn∨Cm的Wiener指数.     

正定矩阵半群

以Pn(R)表示所有n×n实正定矩阵的集合 ,用Pn(A)表示使得AB+BA正定的n×n实矩阵B的全体 .对正定矩阵A证明了Pn(A)是Pn(R)的子半群 ,作为半群二者同构     

余子空间的性质

在n维向量空间V中,任一非平凡子空间W的余子空间是不唯一的,本文给出了W的余子空间的一般表示法,并讨论了W的任意两个余子空间的和与交的维数取值范围。     

相对增益阵列A o A-T=1/nJn的实数解的不变性

设Dn(R),Pn(R)分别是Rn×n上的非奇异对角矩阵、置换矩阵的集合,Gn(R)={X=U1U2...Ut|Ui∈Dn(R)∪Pn(R)}.证明了矩阵乘法下的群Gn(R)可表为Dn(R)与Pn(R)的乘积.如果B=UAV(U,V∈Gn(R)),则称A与B是G-等价的,矩阵方程Φ(X)=1/nJn的实数解在G-等价下具有不变性.     

一类四带小波紧框架存在的判据

讨论框架多分辩分析{Vj}j∈Z的子空间V1中小波紧框架的存在性.根据泛函分析方法与矩阵理论,给出由子空间V1中的若干个函数γ^1,γ^2,…,γ^s成为小波紧框架的充分条件.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with