粘盖牛肝菌菌丝发酵养条件研究

研究了武陵山粘盖牛肝菌菌丝体的液体培养基和培养条件.结果显示,粘盖牛肝菌菌丝体液体发酵的最适培养基为:玉米粉4.0%,麸皮5.0%,磷酸二氢钾0.10%,硫酸镁0.05%;最适培养条件为:培养液pH 6.0,装液量75 mL.250 mL-1三角瓶,接种量9.0%,培养温度28℃,摇床转速170 r.min-1,培养时间6 d.在此培养条件下,粘盖牛肝菌菌丝体生长好,菌丝体产量达到(0.414 8±0.009 0)g.l00 mL-1.     

乳牛肝菌发酵条件的优化

探究乳牛肝菌在液态培养基中的发酵生长曲线,采用单因素实验对乳牛肝菌的发酵条件进行优化.实验结果表明,乳牛肝菌发酵培养可分为四个时期:第3⁵d为延滞期,第55d为延滞期,第5¹2d为快速生长期,第1212d为快速生长期,第12¹4d为稳定期,第14d后进入衰亡期.适宜的发酵条件为:最适接种量为6%14d为稳定期,第14d后进入衰亡期.适宜的发酵条件为:最适接种量为6%⁸%,最适乳牛肝菌种子液种龄为58%,最适乳牛肝菌种子液种龄为5⁷d,最适初始pH值为6.0,最适装液量为100mL/250mL,最适摇床转速为140r/min,适宜的封口材料为封口膜,最适培养温度范围为247d,最适初始pH值为6.0,最适装液量为100mL/250mL,最适摇床转速为140r/min,适宜的封口材料为封口膜,最适培养温度范围为24²6℃.在优化条件下,乳牛肝菌的菌丝体干重生物量可达3.26g/L,是初始干重的20倍左右,比优化前提高了33.1%.     

大豆为原料的根霉纤溶酶固态发酵工艺条件

研究了以大豆为原料华根霉TK317产纤溶酶固态发酵的工艺条件。采用单因素试验对固态发酵培养基的碳源、碳氮比、初始pH、加水量和温度进行了优化;采用正交试验对接种量和培养基厚度进行了研究。结果表明,实验范围内华根霉TK317固态发酵产纤溶酶的适宜培养基组成:m(面粉)∶m(大豆)=1∶9,初始pH为5.0,加水量为0.75 mL/g。适宜培养条件:培养温度为28℃,培养基厚度为15 g/250 mL三角瓶,接种量1×107个/g,培养时间为60 h。优化条件下的纤溶酶产量平均达480.52 U/g。     

杀真菌素链霉菌AL-04发酵产抗生素工艺研究

为了提高杀真菌素链霉菌菌株AL-04的发酵滤液对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,采用单因素试验和均匀试验设计,对其发酵条件和培养基成分进行了研究.结果表明,菌株AL-04产抗生素的最适发酵培养基为:黄豆粉34.0g,鱼粉12.0g,蔗糖2.0g,可溶性淀粉6.0g,NaCl 2g,K2HPO40.5g,MgSO4.7H2O 0.1g,ZnSO40.01g,FeSO4.7H2O 0.01g,CaCO32g,蒸馏水1000mL;产抗生素的适宜发酵条件为:接种量10%,种子液菌龄36h,装液量50mL/300mL三角摇瓶,初始pH值7.2.在上述条件下,28℃、180r/min振荡培养7d,菌株AL-04的抑菌率比原始发酵培养基提高了13.6%,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01).     

桔绿木霉产木聚糖酶固体发酵条件研究

对桔绿木霉(Trichoderma citrinoviride)XE-13产木聚糖酶发酵条件进行优化.采用单因素法,研究固体发酵条件下最适培养基组成、料水比以及培养温度、培养基初始p H、培养时间、接种量等条件对产酶的影响.确定培养基组成为:碳源(m(麸皮)∶m(玉米芯)=4 g∶6 g);氮源(NH_4)_2SO_4;碳∶氮=(m(C)∶m(N)=1 g∶0.05 g);料∶水=1 g∶1.5 mL.最适合的培养条件为:培养温度30℃、培养基初始pH值6.0、培养时间72 h、接种量1.0×10~7个/mL孢子悬液/培养基干料=0.3 mL/10 g.在此条件下,木聚糖酶活力可达391.5 U/g.     

蛹虫草液体发酵条件的研究

通过单因子筛选和正交试验 ,对蛹虫草发酵条件进行研究 .试验结果表明 ,蛹虫草发酵的适宜培养基组成为 :蔗糖 5 .0 % ,玉米浆 3.0 % ,酵母膏 0 .5 % ,MgSO4 ·7H2 O 0 .0 5 % ,KH2 PO40 .0 5 % ;适宜的培养条件为 :发酵初始pH 7.0 ,发酵温度 2 5℃ ,发酵周期 6d .采用优化的培养基及适宜的培养条件进行摇瓶发酵 ,干菌体产量和生长速率分别可达 4 1.1g/L和 0 .2 8g/L·h .     

黑曲霉固态发酵生产果胶酶培养条件的研究

对黑曲霉HYA4固态发酵生产果胶酶的培养条件进行了研究,固态发酵培养基组分为:250 mL三角瓶中甜菜渣5 g,黄豆粉5 g,NH4H2PO4 0.4%,FeSO4·7H2O 0.05%.料水比1:2.采用此优化的培养基在培养温度36℃和初始pH自然条件下进行发酵,果胶酶酶活力可达5465.8 U/g(干曲).     

L-乳酸米根霉发酵条件优化研究

运用正交试验设计理论,对高产L-乳酸突变株NAF-032的最佳摇瓶发酵条件进行了研究,确定了最佳的发酵培养基和发酵条件.最佳发酵培养基为(g/L):葡萄糖160,氯化铵2,KH2PO4 0.3,MgSO4·7H2O 0.25,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.08.最佳培养条件为:34℃,摇床转速200 r/min,250 mL三角瓶装培养液50 mL,一次性添加CaCO380 g/L用于调节pH值.在最适发酵条件下,米根霉NAF-032的摇瓶发酵产L-乳酸产量达123.3 g/L.     

鲍肠道益生菌芽孢杆菌A3440菌株培养基及发酵条件优化

对一株来自于杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)肠道并经证实具有显著促进其生长及免疫活性的同温层芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stratosphericus)A3440菌株进行培养基及发酵条件的优化研究,为该益生菌应用于鲍及其他水产动物的健康养殖奠定基础.以细菌芽孢率和蛋白酶活力为检测指标,采用单因素试验和正交设计试验优化发酵培养基组分及发酵条件.结果显示,该菌最佳发酵配方为:蛋白胨7g/L,酵母膏7g/L,NaCl 20g/L,CaCl20.20g/L;最佳发酵条件为:初始pH 9.0,培养温度30℃,种子液接种量8%,装液量30 mL(250 mL锥形瓶),培养时间24h.优化后芽孢率为94.3%,较基础培养基提高8.77%;蛋白酶活力为294.44U/mL,较基础培养基提高76.67%.     

纳豆激酶产生菌的固体发酵参数优化

对影响纳豆激酶产生菌固体发酵时产酶影响因子如碳源/氮源、含水量、温度、pH和培养时间等进行了优化.实验结果表明,菌株1适宜的固体发酵产酶培养基豆粕:麸皮比为3∶1;菌株2适宜的固体发酵产酶培养基豆粕:麸皮比为1∶1时产酶活性最高;菌株1适宜的培养基含水以50%最好,菌株2以70%最好;培养基初始pH均在7.0时酶活最高;发酵温度均以25℃最好,不易超过30℃;两个菌株的适宜发酵时间分别为36 h(菌株1)和72 h(菌株2).在优化发酵条件下,两个菌株单位发酵物中纤溶酶平均酶活力可分别达到1 407.25 U/g(菌株1)和953 U/g(菌株2).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.