苏州高岭土在不同温度煅烧时的产物

采用XRF,SEM,XRD,IR,NMR等测试手段对苏州高岭土及其在550～850℃的煅烧产物进行了研究.实验结果表明:煅烧后产物由煅烧前的晶态转变成了非晶态;煅烧温度对高岭土煅烧产物形貌和结构有一定影响,温度越高,产物中棒状,块状小颗粒越少,Al的四配位量越多.     

铁矾渣微波硫酸化焙烧水浸液的深度除铁

采用微波低温硫酸化焙烧-水浸和针铁矿除铁方法将Zn、Cu等富集到浸出液中,Pb和Ag富集到浸出渣中,使有价金属得到清洁的回收利用.研究了上述工艺中浸出液除铁的优化工艺条件,探究了反应体系的pH值、浸出液单次滴加量、浸出液的铁含量等因素对除铁效果的影响,并采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜观察等手段对得到的沉淀渣进行了表征.研究获得的优化实验条件为：以200 mL的0.01 mol·L-1 ZnSO4溶液为底液,晶种添加量为20 g·L-1,除铁体系pH值控制在3左右,温度90℃,每隔5 min滴加3 mL水浸液(保持反应体系中铁的浓度<1 g·L-1).在此条件下,除铁后溶液残铁量仅为0.065 g·L-1,去除率可达99.3%,达到了深度除铁效果.除铁过程中,Zn的损失率仅为4.1%.     

镍精矿氯气浸出液净化除铁工艺

硫化镍精矿氯气浸出一净化一电积工艺作为镍提取冶金的新方向,其净化过程大多采用溶剂萃取方法．该方法对于含铁较高的浸出液在运行一段时间后会出现萃取有机相性质变坏的问题,影响萃取剂的正常使用．因此,净化过程中必须先进行单独除铁．本试验研究了针铁矿法从镍精矿氯气浸出液中除铁的工艺．实验考察了在氯盐体系中氧化剂用量、反应温度、反应pH值、反应时间等因素对除铁效果的影响．确定了最佳工艺条件氧化剂用量5g／L,反应温度85℃,反应pH值2．5～3．0,反应时间2h．在该工艺条件下,除铁率高达99．8％以上,铁渣中Ni,Co损失小,除铁后液含铁小于0．01g／L,达到了净化要求．     

Roasting-induced phase change and its influence on phosphorus removal through acid leaching for high-phosphorus iron ore

In the present study, roasting-induced phase change and its influence on phosphorus removal via leaching has been investigated for high-phosphorus iron ore. The findings indicate that phosphorus in the ore is associated with goethite and exists mainly in amorphous Fe₃PO₇ phase. The phosphorus remains in the amorphous phase after being roasted below 300℃. Grattarolaite (Fe₃PO₇) is found in samples roasted at 600-700℃, revealing that phosphorus phase is transformed from the amorphous form to crystalline grattarolaite during roasting. Leaching tests on synthesized pure grattarolaite reveal a low rate of phosphorus removal by sulfuric acid leaching. When the roasting temperature is higher than 800℃, grattarolaite is found to react with alumina to form aluminum phosphate, and the reactivity of grattarolaite with alumina increases with increasing roasting temperature. Consequently, the rate of phosphorus removal also increases with increasing roasting temperature due to the formation of acid-soluble aluminum phosphate.     

硫酸钾生产除铁工艺研究与应用

研究了硫酸钾生产中用空气氧化——酸性沉淀法除铁工艺，通过试验确定出了最佳工艺条件，将其应用于实际生产，溶液中铁含量可控制在0．01g／L以下。     

用草酸在硫酸溶液中从中性浸出渣中还原浸出铟

The present study evaluates the reductive leaching of indium from indium-bearing zinc ferrite using oxalic acid as a reducer in sulfuric acid solution. The effect of main factors affecting the process rate, including the oxalic-acid-to-sulfuric-acid ratio, stirring rate, grain size, temperature, and the initial concentration of synergic acid, was precisely evaluated. The results confirmed the acceptable efficiency of dissolving indium in the presence of oxalic acid. The shrinking-core model with a chemical-reaction-controlled step can correctly describe the kinetics of indium dissolution. On the basis of an apparent activation energy of 44.55 kJ/mol and a reaction order with respect to the acid concentration of 1.14, the presence of oxalic acid was found to reduce the sensitivity to temperature changes and to increase the effect of changes in acid concentration. Finally, the equation of the kinetic model based on the factors under study is presented.     

酸性矿井水除铁除锰Fenton氧化法可行性探讨

针对锰难氧化去除一直是地下水尤其是酸性矿井水除铁除锰工程面临的主要技术难题,为了快速、高效地除锰,在分析总结地下水传统的除铁除锰方法及其局限性并结合高级氧化技术在水处理领域的应用前景的基础上,提出了酸性矿井水除铁除锰的Fenton高级氧化技术新方法,分析了Fenton高级氧化技术氧化反应机理,在理论上分析论述Fenton试剂氧化法除铁除锰是完全可行的。     

纤维硼镁矿的盐酸浸取动力学

以分段处理的方法,将纤维硼镁矿的盐酸浸取反应视作拟一级化学反应。把反应分成0—50%、50—70%及>70%三段,分别求得反应速率常数和表观活化能。当温度<80℃时,反应始终属化学反应控制;当温度>80℃时,反应前期系受液-固两相界面的传质速率控制,后期则仍属化学反应控制。这对确定生产操作条件具有重要的实践意义。     

Extraction of vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching

To extract vanadium in an environment friendly manner, this study focuses on the process of leaching vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching. Characterizations of the raw slag, mineralogy transformation, and the form of leach residues were made by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The result shows that the vanadium slag is composed of major phases of fayalite, titanomagnetite, and spinel. During the high pressure oxidative acid leaching process, the fayalite and spinel phases are gradually decomposed by sulfuric acid, causing the release of vanadium and iron in the solution. Meanwhile, unreacted silicon and titanium are enriched in the leach residues. With the initial concentration of sulfuric acid at 250 g·L-1, a leaching temperature of 140℃, a leaching time of 50 min, a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 mL·g-1, and oxygen pressure at 0.2 MPa, the leaching rate of vanadium reaches 97.69%.     

Study on mechanisms of different sulfuric acid leaching technologies of chromite

The extraction of chromate from chromite via the sulfuric acid leaching process has strong potential for practical use because it is a simple and environmentally friendly process. This paper aims to study the sulfuric acid leaching process using chromite as a raw material via either microwave irradiation or in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The results show that the main phases in Pakistan chromite are ferrichromspinel, chrompicotite, hortonolite, and silicate embedded around the spinel phases. Compared with the process with an oxidizing agent, the process involving microwaves has a higher leaching efficiency. When the mass fraction of sulfuric acid was 80% and the leaching time was 20 min, the efficiency could exceed 85%. In addition, the mechanisms of these two technologies fundamentally differ. When the leaching was processed in the presence of an oxidizing agent, the silicate was leached first and then expanded. By contrast, in the case of leaching under microwave irradiation, the chromite was dissolved layer by layer and numerous cracks appeared at the particle surface because of thermal shock. In addition, the silicate phase shrunk instead of expanding.     

螯合-蒸馏法脱除异丙醇铝中痕量铁研究

异丙醇铝是醇盐水解工艺制备铝酸盐系发光材料和高纯超细氧化铝粉体的重要前驱物.铁是影响其使用性能的关键杂质.为了证实是否可以通过在制备异丙醇铝过程中加入一种螯合剂,使其与铝中的铁杂质反应生成高沸点化合物,通过减压蒸馏将其除去来制备无铁异丙醇铝,研究了螯合剂种类和加入量对除铁效果的影响.实验结果表明:一种含N/O功能基的螯合剂ON 1具有强的除铁功能,在m(ON 1)∶m(A l)为1∶160时,馏出物中有80%馏分的铁质量分数低于10×1-0 6,能够满足长余辉发光材料的制备要求.     

铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣的硫酸浸出过程

针对铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣开展硫酸浸出过程研究,考察硫酸浓度、温度、时间、液固比、搅拌速度和氧化方式等因素对浸出渣渣率和金属浸出率的影响.研究结果表明:金属浸出率随硫酸浓度的增加而提高,银的溶解尤为明显;硫酸浸出渣中未溶解的铜主要以单质存在,采用空气氧化方式可以提高铜的浸出率;在最佳条件即硫酸浓度为2.7 mol/L,温度为85℃,液固比为5∶1,时间为2h,空气压力为0.1～0.2 MPa和搅拌速度为300 r/min下,硫酸浸出渣率为60.0％,Cu和Te的浸出率分别为97.65％和77.53％,Ag和Sb的浸出率分别为8.95％和2.0％.     

蛇纹石型红土矿常压酸浸实验研究

主要探讨了常压下盐酸对蛇纹石型红土镍矿进行浸出的工艺条件。考察了酸矿比、液固比、反应温度、反应时间等对蛇纹石型红土镍矿浸出的影响。通过实验得出最佳工艺条件:酸矿比为2.5∶1、液固比为5∶1、反应时间为0.5 h、反应温度为100℃。在此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为100%、100%和90%。     

Sulfuric acid leaching of high iron-bearing zinc calcine

Sulfuric acid leaching of high iron-bearing zinc calcine was investigated to assess the effects of sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching time, leaching temperature, and the stirring speed on the leaching rates of zinc and iron. The results showed that the sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching time, and leaching temperature strongly influenced the leaching of zinc and iron, whereas stirring speed had little influence. Zinc was mainly leached and the leaching rate of iron was low when the sulfuric acid concentration was less than 100 g/L. At sulfuric acid concentrations higher than 100 g/L, the leaching rate of iron increased quickly with increasing sulfuric acid concentration. This behavior is attributed to iron-bearing minerals such as zinc ferrite in zinc calcine dissolving at high temperatures and high sulfuric acid concentrations but not at low temperatures and low sulfuric acid concentrations.     

酸碱淋溶对尾矿砂含水率和重金属含量的影响

为研究酸碱溶液对尾矿砂含水率和重金属含量的影响,采用室内土柱动态淋溶的方法,对采自阜新同乃矿尾矿坝的尾矿进行实验,测得不同pH溶液动态淋溶后的尾矿砂含水率,并应用火焰原子吸收光谱法,测出尾矿砂中6种重金属元素在淋溶后的含量,结果表明:①经酸碱溶液淋溶后尾矿砂土体的含水率出现增加的现象;②淋溶液pH从4增加到7时,Cu和Cr的含量逐渐减少,淋溶液pH从7增加到10时,Cu和Cr的含量逐渐增加;相反Mn和Ni的含量先随pH的增加而增加,在pH大于8和8.5左右开始降低;Fe含量出现略微减少的趋势;Cd含量在淋溶液pH 4～6.5范围内逐渐增加,而后含量降低。文中淋溶液选择的是酸碱溶液而不是纯净水,所以用此结果描述尾矿库的环境和安全情况更具有实际意义。     

难处理铜钴合金的氧化酸浸出

采用硫酸和盐酸的混合酸在有氧化剂存在的常压条件下对磨细后的铜钴合金进行浸出.试验结果表明:在溶液初始酸度为5.0～6.5 mol/L,硫酸与盐酸摩尔比较低,酸过量系数φH为1.2,氧化剂加入量ψn为理论量的1.2倍,反应温度为80 ℃,反应时间为70 min,搅拌速度为200～300 r/min的条件下,铜钴浸出率均能达到97%以上,浸出过程中不会有硅胶产生,过滤性能良好,实验重现性好.     

地下水除铁除锰技术研究

对生物除铁除锰技术在微生物固定化、不同滤料处理效果及Fe、Mn、NH3同时去除等方面的研究作了概括总结,并提出不同观点.同时介绍了生物除铁除锰技术的优点和应用前景.     

蛇纹石硫酸浸出过程工艺条件的优化研究

硫酸浸出过程是蛇纹石综合利用过程中的关键因素之一 ,在单因素条件实验的基础上 ,采用 L16( 4 4)正交实验法对蛇纹石硫酸浸出过程的优化工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明 :当以矿粒粒径 <75μm、搅拌速率 >2 0 0 r/min、活化剂 FS-1加入量为 1.5 %为固定因素时 ,其优化工艺条件为 :浸出温度 10 0℃ ,浸出时间 3h,硫酸质量浓度为 45 % ,液固比 4.0。     

锗烟尘浸出过程热力学分析

贵州、云南锗烟尘主要含锌、铅、锗、银等有价金属。对锗烟尘酸性浸出过程进行了热力学分析，讨论了锗烟尘中主要物质在浸出过程的行为。     

铁闪锌矿在硫酸浸出过程中的电化学行为

为研究铁闪锌矿氧化浸出机理,以人工合成铁闪锌矿的悬浮矿浆为研究对象,采用三电极体系对其在硫酸浸出过程中的电化学行为进行了研究.结果表明:在铁闪锌矿浸出过程中有H2S中间产物生成;通氧、元素硫分散剂以及氯离子引入浸出体系均能明显促进铁闪锌矿的电化学氧化;随硫酸浓度升高,铁闪锌矿的电化学氧化不断加强而闪锌矿的电化学氧化受抑.与闪锌矿相比,铁闪锌矿更易发生电化学氧化.在铁闪锌矿硫酸浸出过程中,其电化学氧化作用不容忽视.