A review of tactical planning models

The aim of this paper is to give an overview on models and methods used to solve tactical planning problems. The modeling and the elaboration of the well-know tactical planning problems （master planning ＆ scheduling, material requirement planning and multi-site planning） are discussed. These problems are modeled from two ＂lot sizing＂ models called the Capacitated Lot Sizing Problem （CLSP） and Multi Level Capacitated Lot Sizing Problem （MLCLSP）. From both models, a lot of extensions has been proposed in the literature. The purpose of this paper is twofold： first, classifications of the CLSP and MLCLSP as well as their extensions are given. For each model, the major scientific contributions are mentioned. These classifications made from seventy papers give an overview of ＂lot sizing＂ models dedicated to the MPS, MRP and Multi-site and show the diversity of models. Second, from a classification, an analysis of methods used for each model is given. The instance size, best gap and reference for gap computation are given for each contribution, This work can be used to elaborate an optimization tool for tactical planning problematic such as Advanced Planning System.     

MERGING OPTIMALITY CONDITIONS WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM OPERATORS TO SOLVE SINGLE MACHINE TOTAL WEIGHTED TARDINESS PROBLEM

1.Introduction Production sequencing and scheduling is one of the most important activities in production planning and control.Sequencing is defined as the order in which the jobs are processed through the machines.The allocation of machines over time to process a collection of jobs is defined as Scheduling.Several methods have been developed to solve the scheduling problem which can be classified as follows:1)efficient optimal methods,2)implicit and explicit,or complete enumerative methods,a…     

SCHEDULING TWO GROUPS OF JOBS WITH INCOMPLETE INFORMATION

In real world situations, most scheduling problems occur neither as complete off-line nor ascomplete on-line models. Most likely a problem arises as an on-line model with some partialinformation. In this article, we consider such a model. We study the scheduling problem P(n_1,n_2),where two groups of jobs are to be scheduled. The first job group is available beforehand. As soon asall jobs in the first group are assigned, the second job group appears. The objective is to minimize thelongest job completion time(makespan). We show a lower bound of 3/2 even for very special cases.Best possible algorithms are presented for a number of cases. Furthermore, a heuristic is proposed forthe general case. The main contribution of this paper is to discuss the impact of the quantity ofavailable information in designing an on-line algorithm. It is interesting to note that the absence ofeven a little bit information may significantly affect the performance of an algorithm.     

Kind of deadlock-free scheduling method

Deadlock must be avoided in a manufacturing system. In this paper, an efficient algorithm for finding an optimal deadlock-free schedules in a manufacturing system with very limited buffer is presented. This algorithm is based on the effective genetic algorithm (GA) search method, and a formal Petri net structure is introduced to detect the token player assuring deadlock-free. In order to make the scheduling strategy generated by GA meet the required constraint of deadlock-free, some results of the structure analysis of Petri net are involved as a criterion to select deadlock-free schedule from the population generated by GA. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach is illustrated by using an example.     

Patients Transportation in Surgery Scheduling Problem

The scheduling problem in surgery is difficult because, in addition of the planning of the operating rooms which are the most expensive resources in hospitals, each surgery requires a combination of human and material resources. In this paper, the authors address a surgery scheduling problem which arises in operated health care facility. Moreover, the authors consider simultaneously materiel and human resources. This problem is a three-stages flow shop scheduling environment. The first stage(war...     

Method for electromagnetic detection satellites scheduling based on genetic algorithm with alterable penalty coefficient

The electromagnetic detection satellite （EDS） is a type of earth observation satellites （EOSs）. The Information collected by EDSs plays an important role in some fields, such as industry, science and military. The scheduling of EDSs is a complex combinatorial optimization problem. Current research mainly focuses on the scheduling of imaging satellites and SAR satellites, but little work has been done on the scheduling of EDSs for its specific characteristics. A multi-satellite scheduling model is established, in which the specific constrains of EDSs are considered, then a scheduling algorithm based on the genetic algorithm （GA） is proposed. To deal with the specific constrains of EDSs, a penalty function method is introduced. However, it is hard to determine the appropriate penalty coefficient in the penalty function. Therefore, an adaptive adjustment mechanism of the penalty coefficient is designed to solve the problem, as well as improve the scheduling results. Experimental results are used to demonstrate the correctness and practicability of the proposed scheduling algorithm.     

Grey systems for intelligent sensors and information processing

In a measurement system, new representation methods are necessary to maintain the uncertainty and to supply more powerful ability for reasoning and transformation between numerical system and symbolic system. A grey measurement system is discussed from the point of view of intelligent sensors and incomplete information processing compared with a numerical and symbolized measurement system. The methods of grey representation and information processing are proposed for data collection and reasoning. As a case study, multi-ultrasonic sensor systems are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

Multi-satellite observation integrated scheduling method oriented to emergency tasks and common tasks

Satellite observation scheduling plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of satellite observation systems.Although many scheduling algorithms have been proposed,emergency tasks,characterized as importance and urgency(e.g.,observation tasks orienting to the earthquake area and military conflict area),have not been taken into account yet.Therefore,it is crucial to investigate the satellite integrated scheduling methods,which focus on meeting the requirements of emergency tasks while maximizing the profit of common tasks.Firstly,a pretreatment approach is proposed,which eliminates conflicts among emergency tasks and allocates all tasks with a potential time-window to related orbits of satellites.Secondly,a mathematical model and an acyclic directed graph model are constructed.Thirdly,a hybrid ant colony optimization method mixed with iteration local search(ACO-ILS) is established to solve the problem.Moreover,to guarantee all solutions satisfying the emergency task requirement constraints,a constraint repair method is presented.Extensive experimental simulations show that the proposed integrated scheduling method is superior to two-phased scheduling methods,the performance of ACO-ILS is greatly improved in both evolution speed and solution quality by iteration local search,and ACO-ILS outperforms both genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm.     

COMPARISON OF MAX—MIN APPROACH AND NN METHOD FOR RELIABILITY OPTIMIZATION OF SERIES—PARALLEL SYSTEM

Two heuristics, the max-min approach and the Nakagawa and Nakashima method, are consideredfor the redundancy allocation problem with series-parallel structure. The max-min approach canformulate the problem as an integer linear programming problem instead of an integer nonlinearproblem. This paper presents a comparison between those methods from the standpoint of solutionquality and computational complexity. The experimental results show that the max-min approach issuperior to the Nakagawa and Nakashima method in terms of solution quality in small-scale problems,but analysis of computational complexity shows that the max-min approach is inferior to other greedyheuristics.     

REGULARITY AND RECURRENCE OF SWITCHING DIFFUSIONS

This work is concerned with switching diffusion processes, also known as regime-switching diffusions. Our attention focuses on regularity, recurrence, and positive recurrence of the underlying stochastic processes. The main effort is devoted to obtaining easily verifiable conditions for the aforementioned properties. Continuous-state-dependent jump processes are considered. First general criteria on regularity and recurrence using Liapunov functions are obtained. Then we focus on a class of problems, in which both the drift and the diffusion coefficients are ＂linearizable＂ with respect to the continuous state, and suppose that the generator of the jump part of the process can be approximated by a generator of an ergodic Markov chain. Sufficient conditions for regularity, recurrence, and positive recurrence are derived, which are linear combination of the averaged coefficients （averaged with respect to the stationary measure of the Markov chain）.     

基于拉格朗日松弛的手术中心调度算法

为了有效提高手术中心的利用率,降低医院的成本,提高病人满意度,本文提出了基于拉格朗日松弛的手术中心调度算法.首先对问题域进行了描述,以最小化手术中心相关成本和最大化病人满意度为目标,建立数学规划模型.在此基础上,建立可行调度解策略,结合手术中心特有的约束条件,提出基于拉格朗日松弛的手术中心调度方法,并用分枝定界求解子问题.最后,设计不同问题规模的实验,对算法性能进行了评价和对比分析,实验表明,该算法能在可接受的计算时间内得到较好的近优解.     

突发事件应急救援前摄性调度与反应性调度的集成优化

突发事件应急救援具有高度的不确定性与动态性,稳定可靠的救援计划及其合理有效的动态调整,对于应急救援的顺利实施具有重要影响.本文以企业生产事故与突发事件为主要对象,研究应急救援的前摄性调度与反应性调度的集成优化问题.作者首先对问题进行界定,构建前摄性调度优化模型以求得一个鲁棒性最大的基准计划,然后以此为基础建立调整损失最小的反应性调度优化模型.针对问题的NP-hard属性,设计专门的禁忌搜索启发式算法.最后,通过对一个实际井喷事故救援过程的求解分析对研究进行说明,得到如下结论:前摄性调度的鲁棒性与反应性调度的损失值之间,并不存在一个绝对的单调关系,通过反复多次的求解运算,可以找到二者之间平衡点,实现两种调度方式的集成优化.本研究可为突发事件应急救援基准计划的制定与动态调整提供定量化决策支持.     

施工进度计划柔性网络仿真的不确定性研究

工程施工中应用柔性网络计算机仿真突破了传统的PERT只考虑单一关键线路的限制以及工序的持续时间均服从β分布的假定,也使得仿真工期与关键线路都具有了不确定性.一次仿真结果只相当于对系统模型的一次抽样,缺乏代表性.将网络计划仿真技术与风险分析技术结合起来,采用统计分析的方法确定仿真运行次数,对实际系统大量的动态仿真工期进行完工概率与风险分析,用"工序关键度"表征关键线路的概率分布结果,能够较好的描述施工进度计划的不确定性,为施工管理与决策提供更多的信息.     

静态单机调度问题改善全局性能的滚动策略

借鉴控制界对滚动时域控制性能研究的思路，对一类具有可分的正规性能指标的大规模静态单机调度问题，提出了一种子问题带终端约束的滚动调度策略．在这种滚动调度策略下，全局调度的性能可以进行一定程度的评价和分析．性能分析的结论是，随着局部调度的滚动进行，全局调度性能可以不断改善．初始调度性能是全局最终调度性能的一个上界．     

混合Jobshop炼钢-连铸重调度方法及其应用

炼钢-连铸生产过程中加工设备起、停时间经常会出现严重延迟,导致调度计划不可行. 目前人工调整,存在响应速度慢和调整结果不优化的问题. 对炼钢-连铸混合Jobshop重调度问题进行了分析,提出了正在作业炉次已分配设备不变的重调度方法. 并提出了求解策略,将原调度分解为两个子调度问题. 引入炉次操作状态参数β,建立了正在作业炉次的时间修正模型,构造了启发式方法进行求解.对于未作业炉次,建立了多目标非线性0-1 整数规划模型,构造了并行逆推启发式算法进行设备指派,采用线性规划求解各操作的开工时间.基于上述方法开发了动态调度软件应用于国内某大型钢铁企业,在缩短动态调度时间、减少钢水冗余等待时间方面取得了显著成效.     

基于机会约束的手术计划随机模型与算法

本文研究多服务台手术计划调度问题,考虑手术时间的不确定性,提出手术室加班时间的机会约束,以一定的概率保证病人的手术时间不超过手术室的开放时间,建立随机优化机会约束手术计划调度模型,确定手术室的开放和分配决策.基于手术时间离散的概率情景,引入0-1变量转化机会约束,得到了0-1整数线性规划的等价模型.为了提高模型的求解效率,提出两类有效不等式,并设计最长路径算法分离第二类有效不等式,利用分支切割方法进行模型求解.算例分析,基于北京某医院的实际数据,验证算法的有效性,确定最优的手术计划调度方案,有效地优化配置手术室资源.     

基于Petri网的原油处理生产作业计划油罐动态分配分析

石化炼油企业采用递阶方法进行调度,以使短期调度方法在生产运作中切实可行.在上层,企业根据市场需求产生一个目标炼油计划.在下层,企业得到一个详细调度以实现目标炼油计划.在这个过程中,如何动态分配油罐将起到至关重要的作用,同时也是生产运作中的难题.为了解决这个难题,建立Petri网模型描述原油处理生产过程的行为特征.基于该模型,分析了油罐分配对目标炼油计划可实现性的影响,鉴别出那些使系统进入不可行状态的操作,并对其进行调整.这样,通过避免这样的不可行操作而提出一种实现目标炼油计划的油罐动态分配方法.最后,用一个工业实例验证了提出的方法的应用.     

基于优化资源流约束的模具多项目反应调度算法

针对模具多项目执行过程中由于任务拖期而导致的调度计划变更,提出了一种基于优化的资源流约束的反应调度算法. 首先利用基于优先规则的微粒群算法构建一个项目加权工期之和最小的初始调度计划,采用启发式算法建立并优化初始调度计划的资源流网络,并将关键链技术与资源流网络相结合,对初始调度计划进行合理的时间缓冲设置. 然后建立了以调度计划扰动费用最小为优化目标的反应调度模型,并用基于优先规则的微粒群算法进行求解. 最后,通过仿真计算分析了算法的可行性与可靠性,结果表明该反应调度算法在模具多项目动态调度中具有一定的应用价值.     

随机活动工期下基于总不确定成本的项目前摄性调度与反应性调度集成优化

从成本经济角度研究活动工期随机中断下前摄性调度与反应性调度在应对不确定因素干扰中的集成优化问题,目标是最小化项目计划与实施过程的总成本.构建以总成本最优为目标的前摄性与反应性调度集成优化模型;针对模型特征设计混合变邻域随机禁忌搜索启发式算法,并在ProGen生成的算例上进行全因子测试.结果表明:基于随机属性的混合启发式...     

Improved differential evolution algorithm for resource-constrained project scheduling problem

An improved differential evolution (IDE) algorithm that adopts a novel mutation strategy to speed up the convergence rate is introduced to solve the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) with the objective of minimizing project duration. Activities priorities for scheduling are represented by individual vectors and a serial scheme is utilized to transform the individual-represented priorities to a feasible schedule according to the precedence and resource constraints so as to be evaluated. To investigate the performance of the IDE-based approach for the RCPSP, it is compared against the meta-heuristic methods of hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and several well selected heuristics. The results show that the proposed scheduling method is better than general heuristic rules and is able to obtain the same optimal result as the HGA and PSO approaches but more efficient than the two algorithms.