多孔介质对流干燥过程数值模拟

为研究含湿毛细孔介质干燥过程的相变现象,建立了相变的传热传质数学模型.模型中以残余饱和度将多孔介质划分为湿区与干区,湿区和干区以“蒸发界面”动态边界相互耦合.用有限差分方法对多孔介质一维干燥过程进行了计算,数值解表明:干区是等速干燥与降速干燥的分界点;干燥初期多孔介质压力升高,温度下降;随后在等速干燥段温度分布保持不变,在出现干区时再度升高.干区出现的初期,蒸发界面向多孔介质内部推进的速度较慢,在到达介质厚度10%左右时出现转折,随后推进速度加快.     

非饱和含湿多孔介质传热传质的渗流模型研究

综述了非饱和含湿多孔介质传热传质模型研究的发展。从多相渗流和扩散迁移机制出发建立以温度、压力和饱和度为基本变量的实用化三参数模型。该模型由一组描述水－汽质量守恒、空气质量守恒和能量守恒的非线性偏微分方程组成。利用该模型对埋管的热过程、砂土物性测量、毛细滞后现象、回湿过程、突发高温作用下多孔介质内部的传热传质过程和冻融过程进行了研究。为了模型的进一步应用,仍需对束缚水饱和度以下毛细压力与饱和度的关系、导热系数的影响因素及其获取方法、非饱和多孔介质传热传质的边界效应和滞后效应的物理机理等方面深入研究。非饱和多孔介质中溶质的运移更是一个饶有意义的研究课题。     

热局部非平衡下饱和多孔弹性柱体的拟静态分析

基于多孔介质理论所建立的不可压饱和多孔介质热一流一同耦合模型,对于一端同定、绝热和不可渗透,另一端受机械和温度载荷联合作用且可自由排水的多孔弹性柱体,利用分离变量法和拉普拉斯变换推导给出了热局部非平衡下多孑L弹性柱体拟静态问题的一般解析表达式.最后,针对阶梯机械和温度载荷联合作用的情况,数值研究了不同参数下温度载荷对固相变形和有效应力、流体速度和孔隙压力的影响.结果表明:在流固两相热扩散系数的比值较大和两相间热交换系数比较小的情况下,热局部平衡和非平衡下有关结果之间的差异在初始阶段是非常明显的.     

理查德森数对多孔介质T型管道近壁面处流动与传热的影响

对多孔介质T型方管内冷热流体混合过程的流动和热传递进行大涡模拟,获得了近壁面处湍流混合的瞬时速度和温度,分析了3种理查德森数（Ri=-0.517,-0.093,0.517）对流动与传热的影响。数值结果表明：无论理查德森数Ri为正或负,在热流体区,多孔介质骨架温度较低,而在冷流体区,多孔介质骨架温度较高,说明热量从高温流体通过多孔介质向低温流体传递;最大温度波动发生在近壁面处的上部;由于多孔介质的湍动增强作用,减弱了浮升力对流动的影响,不同理查德森数对流动和传热的影响不够明显。     

细沙介质中非湿润相流体剩余饱和度变化规律

 通过对气 水两相细沙介质中干燥和湿润交替循环条件下饱和度 毛细压力（〖WTBX〗S p〖WTBZ〗）关系的测定,研究了不同初始条件下非湿润相流体剩余饱和度的变化规律。实验发现,在不同湿润过程中,相同级别初始水饱和度对应的空气剩余饱和度值较为接近;随着湿润过程中初始水饱和度的逐渐增大,其空气剩余饱和度呈升高趋势。在连续的干燥—湿润过程条件下,利用Land模型预测的非湿润相流体的剩余饱和度与柱实验实测值之间存在较大的误差。由此表明和干燥—湿润循环次数相比,初始水饱和度对空气剩余饱和度量级的影响要大,且后一个循环的空气剩余饱和度总受前一个循环的空气剩余饱和度的影响。     

饱和多孔介质自然对流模型与实验

以饱和多孔介质内流体流动、流体和固体传热为研究对象,考虑流体密度随温度变化,局部热平衡,引入Brinkman-Forchheimer的扩展Darcy模型进行修正,建立固体随机堆积饱和多孔介质自然对流数值模型,采用有限体积法计算.利用自主研制的两侧恒温差立方体多孔介质实验台,对数值模型进行实验验证.综合数值计算和实验结果表明:腔体内最大流速随温差和瑞利数Ra增大而增大,且最大流速出现在高低温壁面附近;随着Ra增大,温度等值线由近似于平行于高低温壁面变为近似垂直于高低温壁面;高温壁面上Nu从上至下呈线性增加趋势;高温壁面Nu随Ra增大而增大,当Ra102时,Nu维持在12以内;当102Ra106,Nu增加迅速,由11.4增加到276.4;当Ra106,Nu增加速率很小.     

超临界压力流体在多孔介质内对流换热研究进展

超临界压力流体在多孔介质内的流动换热问题在动力工程、化学工程、航天航空等领域的应用非常广泛,它是超临界CO_2气冷堆、太阳能热发电系统、超临界压力流体对高温壁面的发汗冷却等工程设计优化的理论基础。分别从实验研究和数值模拟两个方面,详细阐述了多孔介质内超临界压力流体流动换热的研究进展,指出了准临界温度附近强烈物性变化、多孔结构迂曲流动通道、浮升力等因素对换热通道局部对流换热性能的影响规律是深入研究的关键问题。另外由于高温高压实验难度大、数据处理方法较复杂,多孔介质内超临界压力流体与固体骨架之间的内部对流换热系数实验研究非常少,致使局部非热平衡模型在多孔介质内超临界压力流体流动换热数值模拟的应用受到限制,因此同时加强超临界压力流体在多孔介质内流动传热的局部对流换热性能和内部对流换热性能研究,对于多孔介质结构传热性能评价和工业应用关键设备的设计优化具有指导意义。     

电场作用下多孔介质中单相流体的渗流速度

研究了外电场对多孔介质中单相流体渗流速度的影响。根据渗流力学和电渗理论,推导了外电场作用下多孔介质中单相流体渗流方程,建立了有限元数值模型,采用有限元方法进行了数值模拟。计算结果与实验结果拟合很好,二者之间的相对误差在5%左右。在此基础上探讨了外电场对多孔介质中单相流体渗流速度的影响,结果表明:在压力保持不变情况下电场可以将流体渗流速度增大1~7.5倍;相同电位梯度情况下,压力梯度越大,渗流速度之比越小。     

多孔介质中天然气水合物注热盐水分解实验研究

利用自制的一维天然气水合物开采模拟实验系统,模拟海洋地质条件,在填砂模型中生成天然气水合物,并通过注入热盐水进行热力开采的物理模拟实验,分析多孔介质中天然气水合物注热盐水分解动态过程及注热参数对热力开采能量效率的影响.结果表明:注热盐水可有效地促进水合物的分解,水合物分解时局部电阻率明显升高;通过正交设计实验对注热参数进行敏感性分析,在相同的初始温度、压力及水合物饱和度条件下,注热水温度对注热分解的能量效率影响最大,然后依次是注热水速度、注热水时间.实验条件下,注热盐水分解可达到最大能量效率的注热参数为注热水温度60℃、注热水速率为12 mL/min、注热水时间100 min,此时能量效率为3.86.     

孔隙率阶梯分布多孔介质内传热及流动性

为研究孔隙率阶梯分布多孔介质内传热及流动,采用局部热平衡假设,考虑流体密度随温度变化,引入Brinkman-Forchheimer的扩展Darcy模型进行修正,建立水平方向孔隙率阶梯分布多孔介质自然对流数值模型,采用有限体积法进行计算.对数值模型进行实验验证,分析出孔隙率阶梯分布对传热及流动的影响.综合数值计算和实验结论表明:相同温差条件下,大孔隙率侧为高温壁面时对流传热达到稳态的时间比小孔隙率侧为高温壁面时要短;流体速度场分布主要受孔隙率分布影响,最大流速随温差和Ra增大而增大,且最大流速出现在大孔隙率靠近壁面处,与是否靠近高、低温壁面无关;高温壁面平均努谢尔数u随着Ra增大而增大,当lgRa4时,Ra的增加对u的变化影响较小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that