Neural mechanisms of perceptual learning

The traditional view of cortical visual processing is that primary visual cortex (V1) analyzes simple visual attributes, and that object recognition involves a progressive “complexification” of receptive field (RF) properties along the visual pathway extending into the temporal lobe. Based on our studies with a combination of electrophysiological, imaging, psychophysical and computational approaches, we find to the contrary that V1 is capable of encoding much more complex stimulus features than originally believed, and that it can integrate information over large parts of the visual field. Moreover, V1 is continually involved in encoding information about learned stimulus configurations under top-down influences specific to the trained perceptual task.     

Neural mechanisms of perceptual learning

The traditional view of cortical visual processing is that primary visual cortex (V1) analyzes simple visual attributes, and that object recognition involves a progressive “complexification” of receptive field (RF) properties along the visual pathway extending into the temporal lobe. Based on our studies with a combination of electrophysiological, imaging, psychophysical and computational approaches, we find to the contrary that V1 is capable of encoding much more complex stimulus features than originally believed, and that it can integrate information over large parts of the visual field. Moreover, V1 is continually involved in encoding information about learned stimulus configurations under top-down influences specific to the trained perceptual task.     

Neural mechanisms of unconscious visual motion priming

The neural correlates of the motion priming were examined in normal young subjects using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Visual motion perception can be uncon-sciously biased in favor of a particular direction by a pre-ceding motion in that direction. Motion priming first in-volved an enhancement of ERP amplitude about 100 ms fol-lowing the onset of motion. The amplitudes of ERP compo-nents after 350 ms were also increased. The fMRI results suggest that the early-latency effect reflects modulation of neural responses in extrastriate cortex. Higher-level visual processing areas, including cortical regions MT/MST and the intraparietal cortices were also activated. The findings provide direct evidence that unconscious priming of motion perception is the result of interaction of direction-selective neural responses to motion stimuli. The results cannot be accounted for by refractoriness of neural responses, but in-stead support a theory of motion priming based on motion opponency, as proposed in computational models.     

Neural substrates of global perception are modulated by local element grouping

THE GLOBAL PERCEPTION OF HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED STIMULI CAN BE DIFFERENT FROM THE LOCAL PERCEPTION IN THAT GLOBAL RESPONSES ARE FASTER THAN LOCAL RESPONSES AND THE GLOBAL-TO-LOCAL INTERFERENCE IS STRONGER THAN THE RE-VERSE[1]. THIS GLOBAL PRECEDENCE EFF…     

基于感知的大范围人造对象图像结构特征抽取

基于内容的图像检索(CBIR)系统传统上仅仅使用颜色特征和纹理特征进行图像的底层分析,不足以满足检索性能的要求.要提高基于内容图像检索的鲁棒性,需要检索系统能分析更多的图像底层特征.对于包含大范围人造对象(比如:建筑物、高塔、桥梁和其他结构对象)的图像,提出应用感知分组(perceptual grouping)规则抽取图像的结构特征,并结合使用该结构特征,对特定的图像库进行分类和客观评价.     

Neural correlates of short-term perceptual learning in orientation discrimination indexed by event-related potentials

The current work investigated the neural correlates of visual perceptual learning in grating orientation discrimination by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) from human adults. Subjects were trained with a discrimination task of grating orientation in three consecutive training sessions within 2 h. While reaction times (RTs) were shortened gradually across training sessions, the N1 was decreased and the P2 was increased over the parietal and occipital areas. A broadly distributed P3 was increased along with more practices. In addition, the time course of learning reflected in the P2 and P3 amplitudes was in line with the changes of reaction times and exhibited a stable level during later training. The impli- cations of these results to the neural mechanisms subserving perceptual learning were discussed.     

视知觉学习的自组织机制研究

在Hebb学习法和侧向相互作用的基础上,建立了具有知觉学习功能的神经网络模型,以汉字学习过程为例,模拟了视知觉模式从整体知觉到局部知觉的转变.知觉模式的转变源于网络权重的结构性变化,即由初始的随机分布变为块状分布,而局部的侧向相互作用是导致宏观有序结构产生的核心机制.     

分组装配中分组尺寸及偏差的确定

本文提出了分配时分组尺寸及公差确定的新方法－－尺寸链计算法，给出了确定各组基本尺寸及偏差的计算公式，经实例验证，该方法可行有效。     

Brain dynamic mechanisms on the visual attention scale with Chinese characters cues

The temporal dynamics in brain evoked by the scale of visual attention with the cues of Chinese characters were studied by recording event-related potentials (ERPs). With the fixed orientation of visual attention, 14 healthy young participants performed a search task in which the search array was preceded by Chinese characters cues, “大, 中, 小” (large, medium, small). 128 channels scalp ERPs were recorded to study the role of visual attention scale played in the visual spatial attention. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the ERP components evoked by the three Chinese characters cues except the inferoposterior N2 latency. The targets evoked P2, N2 amplitudes and latency have significant differences with the different cues of large, middle and small, while P1 and N1 components had no significant difference. The results suggested that the processing of scale of visual attention was mainly concerned with P2, N2 components, while the P1, N1 components were mainly related with the processing of visual orientation information.     

Sparse representation of global features of visual images in human primary visual cortex: Evidence from fMRI

In fMRI experiments on object representation in visual cortex, we designed two types of stimuli： one is the gray face image and its line drawing, and the other is the illusion and its corresponding completed illusion. Both of them have the same global features with different minute details so that the results of fMRI experiments can be compared with each other. The first kind of visual stimuli was used in a block design fMRI experiment, and the second was used in an event-related fMRI experiment. Comparing and analyzing interesting visual cortex activity patterns and blood oxygenation level dependent （BOLD）- fMRI signal, we obtained results to show some invariance of global features of visual images. A plausible explanation about the invariant mechanism is related with the cooperation of synchronized response to the global features of the visual image with a feedback of shape perception from higher cortex to cortex V1, namely the integration of global features and embodiment of sparse representation and distributed population code.     

论分组密码中的数据加密算法DES

介绍了数据加密DES算法的产生、安全性、发展有实现，着重论述了算法的分析和实现过程，用实例展现了复杂算法的实现步骤，有助于加深对DES算法的感性认识，并对DES的安全性做了量化分析，提出了改进的方案。     

眶额叶区多巴胺对胃运动的影响及其机制研究

通过大鼠眶额叶微量注射给药,记录胃内压(Intragastric pressure,IGP),观察胃运动变化的方法,研究了眶额叶多巴胺(dopamine,DA)对胃运动调节的神经机制.结果显示,眶额叶注射DA10μg,胃内压显著升高;眶额叶单独注射DA D1受体阻断剂SCH 2μg(SCH23390,SCH),胃内压降低.眶额叶注射SCH 2μg,能阻断DA升高胃内压的作用;眶额叶注射利陪酮(Risperidon)2μg,可升高胃内压,增强胃运动.但利陪酮却不能阻断DA升高胃内压的作用;切断双侧膈下迷走神经,眶额叶注射DA增加胃内压的作用被消除.以上各组中胃收缩频率均无明显变化.实验结果表明,眶额叶内DA能增大胃内压,增强胃运动,DA对胃内压及胃运动的增强作用主要是通过D1受体介导,经过迷走神经传出.     

试论苏南工业企业集群

苏南企业集群是在一定的社会与经济条件下产生的.苏南企业集群有其优势,但也存在一定的问题.从政府角度来看,应因地制宜地制定地方产业集群战略与政策,并不断培育和完善地方产业配套体系;从企业角度来看,应大力推进现代企业制度,着力提高技术进步水平.     

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的感性解放理论

马克思受费尔巴哈的“感性本体论”的启示,在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中提出了感性解放理论,对西方盛行了近两千多年的理性主义传统进行了变革。他以感性动力原则超越传统理性原则,以感性活动超越感性直观,从而彻底瓦解了传统理性建立的“超感性世界”。同时,他把感性解放理论作为人性解放理论的基础,提出要通过对私有财产的积极扬弃来实现感性的解放,实现人性的复归。     

视觉诱发电位在人体视觉舒适性研究中的应用

建筑室内色温水平会影响人员的工作效率、视觉舒适性等。收集了不同色温水平下15名受试者的图像翻转视觉诱发电位(pattern reversal visual evoked potential, PRVEP)数据和主观调查投票数据,采用模糊熵分析方法对客观生理参数进行分析,并基于PRVEP模糊熵与主观调查之间存在的极强相关性和生理上反应的相似性建立二者的数理关系,以使用客观生理指标预测主观感受,更加准确地实现对人体主观视觉舒适度的预测。研究发现在不同色温下人体PRVEP模糊熵和刺激程度投票值都随着色温的增大而逐渐增大,而眼部疲顿度则呈现出先减小后增加的变化趋势。高色温的冷色调环境下人体PRVEP模糊熵和主观调查值最大,应对刺激时的生理反应最强烈,舒适性不佳。而在4 000 K左右的中性色温环境下PRVEP模糊熵和刺激程度会略微增加但眼部疲顿度会减小,更适宜的色温工作环境有助于提高舒适感和工作效率。     

A computational coding model for saliency detection in primary visual cortex

This study researches the coding model adaptive for information processing of the bottom-up attention mechanism.We constructed a coding model satisfying the neurobiological constraints of the primary visual cortex.By quantitatively changing the coding constraints,we carried out experiments on images used in cognitive psychology and natural image sets to compare the effects on the saliency detection performance.The experimental results statistically demonstrated that the encoding of invariant features and representation of overcomplete bases is advantageous to the bottom-up attention mechanism.     

我国企业集团化过程中政府行为的误区及对策

我国企业集团化过程中政府行为的种种误区主要有：仅从政府的角度出发组建企业集团，包揽论，无为论，忽视监督管理。针对这些误区相应的对策主要有：转变政府职能，实现政企分开；为企业创造宽松的政策环境；尽早形成以专门的《企业兼并法》为主体的法制系统，使企业兼并活动进一步规范化；大力实施再就业工程，加快社会保障制度的改革；大力培植企业并购的中介机构，加强政府的监督与管理。     

The role of different cues in the brain mechanism on visual spatial attention

The visual spatial attention mechanism in the brain was studied in 16 young subjects through the visual search paradigm of precue-target by the event-related potential (ERP) technique, with the attentive ranges cued by different scales of Chinese character and region cues. The results showed that the response time for Chinese character cues was much longer than that for region cues especially for small region cues. With the exterior interferences, the target stimuli recognition under region cues was much quicker than that under Chinese character cues. Compared with that under region cues, targets under Chinese character cues could lead to increase of the posterior P1, decrease of the N1 and increase of the P2. It should also be noted that the differences between region cues and Chinese character cues were affected by the interference types. Under exterior interferences, no significant difference was found between region cues and Chinese character cues; however, it was not the case under the interior interferences. Considering the difference between the exterior interferences and the interior interferences, we could conclude that with the increase of difficulty in target recognition there was obvious difference in the consumption of anterior frontal resources by target stimuli under the two kinds of cues.     

事件相关电位技术在注意研究几大问题中的应用

指出了事件相关电位（ERP）是从人类被试头皮无损记录的认知相关电位，其高的时间分辨率使得它在人类认知功能的研究中发挥了重要作用．介绍了注意研究中长期存在争论的4大基本问题，分析了ERP在解决这些问题中发挥的关键作用，并展望了今后的应用前景．     

大学物理实验分组式讨论教学方法的探讨

针对目前大学物理实验中“教师讲授,学生操作”的传统教学方式,对一种能提高学生能动性的教学方法一分组式讨论教学进行探讨。通过将学生进行适当分组、分配不同任务、组内讨论、完成任务等环节,使每个学生都能发挥各自的能动性,独立地完成实验项目。分组式讨论教学方法与传统教法相比,能够有效提高学生的主动积极性,从而提高教学效果。