改进旋涂法制备纳米粉体分析样品

介绍了一种改进旋涂法——DDS涂膜法(Deposit-Dip-Spin-coating),主要用来制备纳米粉体原子力显微镜(AFM)分析样品。DDS法在保证有足够多的纳米颗粒吸附在云母表面的同时,还增大了溶剂的挥发速度,颗粒的运动局限在一个很小的区域,减小了干燥过程中的团聚,纳米颗粒得到很好的分散。采用DDS法制备PbZr0.90Ti0.10O3-Fe0.003(PZT-Fe)纳米粉体样品,得到了清晰的AFM图像。结合扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析,对样品均匀性、可调因素和测量准确性进行了探索,表明DDS法制备的样品质量好,AFM图像直观、真实地反映了纳米晶体的粒径分布情况。     

Fe3O4纳米粉体的制备与表征

化学共沉淀法制备了纳米Fe3O4粉体,采用无水乙醇和水按体积比6:1作为溶剂,研究了溶剂中乙醇同时作为溶剂和分散剂对纳米Fe3O4粉体制备的作用.考查了氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等强碱和氨水作为沉淀剂对纳米Fe3O4粉体制备的影响;pH值对产物的影响;Fe3+与Fe2+的摩尔比对产物的影响.采用X射线衍射仪、高分辨透射电镜、差热分析仪及傅立叶红外仪等对产品的成分、形貌及热效应等进行了表征.结果表明制得的立方晶体纳米Fe3O4粉体平均粒径在20nm之内,而且粒径分布比较均匀.     

纳米碳化钨粉体的粒度表征

以工业化生产设备制备纳米碳化钨粉,采用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、比表面积法(BET)、冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、激光动态光散射仪对样品的物相、粒度及其分布进行表征,探讨其测量原理.实验结果表明:纳米碳化钨粉的平均颗粒尺寸为90 nm,大多数近似球形,也有一部分呈多角形.为了能更准确地测量纳米碳化钨粉颗粒的粒径,分散剂中的样品要有较好的分散,才能破坏团聚体,同时纳米碳化钨粉颗粒的形状对激光动态光散射仪的测量结果具有重要的影响.     

La2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2低团聚纳米复合陶瓷粉末的制备

以ZrOCl2·8H2O、Y(NO3)3·6H2O和La2O3为原料,聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,无水乙醇/水(醇水体积比为5:1)和水为溶剂,在溶胶和溶液体系中采用反向共沉淀方法,制备0.6%La2O3-4.473%Y2O3-ZrO2(LaYSZ,摩尔分数)纳米复合陶瓷粉末.通过透射电镜、扫描电镜、X线衍射等表征.结合胶体稳定性的DLVO理论分析以醇水为溶剂制备的LaYSZ粉末团聚程度低、粒径细小的原因.研究结果表明;以醇水为溶剂时,随着加热反应时间增加LaYSZ粉末的比表面积增加,加热反应7 h,采用反向滴淀方式制备的LaYSZ粉末的粒径约为15 nm,粉末团聚少;以水为溶剂时,采用反向滴淀方式制备的LaYSZ粉末粒径约为100nm,粉末团聚严重.     

纳米级Fe3O4粉体的研制

采用化学沉淀法制备了Fe3O4微粒,用溶剂置换等方法进行了干燥,获得了平均粒径Dv为50～70 nm,饱和磁化强度为(75～80)kA/m的超细Fe3O4粉体.考察了工艺条件和干燥条件对Fe3O4粉体性能的影响.     

微波加热制备高分散性纳米氧化锌粉体

为了研究纳米氧化锌粉体干燥和热分解时的团聚问题,以硝酸锌和碳酸钠为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备前驱体,无水乙醇洗涤后,通过微波加热前驱体制备出了纳米氧化锌粉体。用TEM、FT—IR、TG—DTA、XRD等测试手段对样品进行了表征。结果表明：所得纳米氧化锌属于六方纤维矿的单晶结构,平均粒径为30nm,分布均匀,分散性好;无水乙醇洗涤和微波加热可有效避免纳米氧化锌粉体干燥和热分解时的团聚问题。并就微波加热和乙醇洗涤对产品分散性的影响机理做了初步探讨。     

沉淀转化法制备纳米氧化镁及改性工艺研究

目的 为了防止液相法制备纳米氧化镁过程中团聚体的产生，提出制取单分散的纳米氧化镁粒子的方法。方法 采用沉淀转化法，以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为改性剂进行了改性研究，并用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对产物进行表征。结果 制备了粒度分布均匀、无团聚的纳米氧化镁粒子，粒子呈球形、结晶度高、分散性良好、平均粒径为7．5nm。结论 该方法是一种很好的制备无团聚纳米氧化镁粒子的方法。     

花状Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋晶体的干燥方式与发光性能

为研究稀土发光纳米晶的微观结构和形貌对发光性能的影响,用凝胶-微波干燥法和凝胶-烘箱干燥法制备了花状形貌的Sr3Al2O6晶体．研究了微波干燥和烘箱干燥两种不同的干燥方式对溶胶-凝胶法制备的Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋发光粉体粒径、形貌、团聚程度、干燥时间及发光性能等的影响,结果表明采用微波干燥不仅可以大大缩短干燥所需时间,而且有利于减弱Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋发光粉料的团聚和团聚程度,制得了颗粒分散均匀、团聚程度低、发光强度高的Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋花状形貌粉体．研究了Sr3Al2O6：Eu^2＋发光粉体的新型形貌对发光性能的影响,微波干燥法制备的均匀分散的花状形貌发光粉体发光强度高,余辉时间长达20min．     

乙醇为溶剂超临界干燥法制备纳米Al2O3

以硝酸铝为原料,柠檬酸为分散剂,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶结合超临界干燥的方法制备了纳米AlOOH。经过500～900℃焙烧后得到纳米γ-Al₂O₃。考察了溶液pH值、硝酸铝与柠檬酸物质的量比对AlOOH粉体,以及焙烧温度对γ-Al₂O₃两者形貌和尺寸的影响。采用TEM、XRD、IR对超细粒子的粒径、形貌进行了表征。结果表明,制备溶胶时的pH值和柠檬酸的〖JP2〗加入对经超临界干燥所得的AlOOH的形貌和尺寸有明显影响。在pH=3,n(C₆H₈O₇)∶n(Al(NO₃)₃)=1∶2的条件下可得到纤维状纳米AlOOH(直径为1～10nm, 长为30～40nm)。该AlOOH经500～900℃焙烧后可得纤维状纳米γ-Al₂O₃,其直径为1～10nm,长为30～70nm。     

沉淀-共沸蒸馏法制备纳米Mg(OH)2的研究

该文利用沉淀-共沸蒸馏法制备粒径分布均匀的纳米Mg(OH)2,并采用热重/差示扫描法(TG-DSC)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(IR)等现代分析测试技术对颗粒结构进行表征.结果表明,用正丁醇共沸蒸馏能有效地防止干燥过程中颗粒间的硬团聚,获得分散性良好的纳米粉体.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.