In vitro contraction of embryonic skin produced by prostaglandins

Zusammenfassung Rückenhautexplantate von Hühnerembryonen, mit 50 g/ml kristallinem Prostaglandin-B₁ behandelt, zeigten eine Reduktion, die nach 3 Tagen 23%, nach 4 Tagen 47% und nach 5 Tagen 51% von der ursprünglichen Fläche ausmachte. Der Mechanismus der Prostaglandin-induzierten Kontraktionen bleibt noch unklar.     

Effect of prostaglandins on skin tumorigenesis

Summary Concomitant administration of prostaglandins E₂ (PGE₂) and F₂ a(PGF₂ a) with a carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) to mice for 2 months markedly enhanced the occurrence of squamous cell carcinomas. Only epidermal cell hyperplasia occurred in mice treated with MCA alone by that time. Radioactivity measurements and electron microscopic autoradiography revealed that prostaglandins stimulate DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in neoplastic cells. These findings indicate that PGE₂ and PGF₂ a can act as cocarcinogens on skin tumorigenesis.     

Morphological effects of serotonin and ketanserin on embryonic chick skin in vitro

Summary Cell and organotypical cultures are used to study the direct effect of serotonin and of ketanserin, a serotonin antagonist, on dermal and epidermal cells of embryonic chick skin. Ketanserin stimulates the increase in cell number and inhibits the differentiation, whereas serotonin stimulates differentiation and inhibits the increase in cell number.     

Morphological effects of serotonin and ketanserin on embryonic chick skin in vitro

Cell and organotypical cultures are used to study the direct effect of serotonin and of ketanserin, a serotonin antagonist, on dermal and epidermal cells of embryonic chick skin. Ketanserin stimulates the increase in cell number and inhibits the differentiation, whereas serotonin stimulates differentiation and inhibits the increase in cell number.     

Creatine kinase in serum after uterus contraction produced by oxytocin

Riassunto In donne sottoposte a taglio cesareo la contrazione dell'utero provocata da ossitocina causa un netto aumento della creatinacinasi dei siero. Con lo stesso trattamento con ossitocina l'enzima non varia in donne prive di utero.     

Effect of lymphokines produced in a grafted system on production of prostaglandins by macrophages]

Mice peritoneal macrophages cultured in vitro release a prostaglandin-like activity as evaluated by a bio-assay using Rat stomach fundus. The prostaglandin release is greatly increased when macrophages are incubated with the supernatant of mixed lymphocyte cultures between recipient and donor of a skin allograft. This phenomenon was found in all strains of Mice tested except C3H/HeJ Mice, a strain already known for its defective responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).     

In vitro development ofXenopus skin glands producing 5-hydroxytryptamine and caerulein

The granular glands of amphibian skin synthesize and store a large amount of bioactive amines and peptides which are structurally similar to mammalian brain-gut peptides. To investigate the development of peptide- and amine-producing cells in the granular glands, pieces of dorsal skin taken at various stages fromXenopus laevis tadpoles were cultured, and the contents of caerulein and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were measured. When pieces of skin from tadpoles at stages 57 to 60 (Nieuwkoop and Faber stages) were cultured in a medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS medium) or one containing FCS treated with charcoal (chFCS medium), the caerulein and 5-HT levels were increased for the six days of the incubation period. The caerulein content was lower in the chFCS medium than in the FCS medium. Addition of thyroxine to the chFCS medium had no significant effect on the caerulein content. These results show that the caerulein-and 5-HT-producing cells of the granular glands can develop in a culture system with FCS- or chFCS-containing media, and suggest that FCS contains substances which are absorbed by charcoal and stimulate development of the amine- and peptideproducing cells of the glands. In a preliminary search for correlation between caerulein and 5-HT synthesis, addition of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), a precursor to 5-HT, to the FCS medium increased 5-HT content and, conversely, caused significant decrease in caerulein content, suggesting that accumulation of caerulein in the granular glands is influenced by the amount of 5-HT synthesis. These studies indicate that this culture system is a useful model for investigating the development of peptide- and amine-producing cells.     

Stimulation of growth by insulin inDrosophila embryonic cells in vitro

Summary For obtaining a better yield of established lines of embryonicDrosophila cells, insulin proved to be a useful substance to be added to the culture medium. 10% of lines became established, showing a predominatly diploid chromosome number.     

In vitro inhibition of catalase by ovomucoid

Riassunto L'ovomucoide acquista spiccata attività anticatalasica dopo ebollizione. L'ovomucoide attivo dopo liofilizzazione o precipitazione alcoolica diviene inattivo; l'attività viene ripristinata con nuova ebollizione. L'ovomucoide attivo anche dopo dialisi perde l'attività che viene riacquistata con l'aggiunta di sali e successiva ebollizione. L'attività anticatalasica è dovuta ad una nuova configurazione instabile dell'ovomucoide.     

Synthesis in vitro of immunoglobulins produced by different human mucous membranes

Riassunto Gli autori hanno dimostrato che alcune mucose della specie umana (mucosa congiuntivale, gengivale, nasale, vaginale e rettale) a contatto con l'ambiente esterno, sono in grado in vitro di sintetizzare le immunoglobuline (IgG, IgA, IgM) in diversa proporzione. La formazione di queste immunoglobuline può rivestire il significato di un meccanismo di difesa locale di tipo immunitario.     

In vitro Polio virus inhibition by two guanidino-pyrimidines

Riassunto La 2-guanidino-pirimidina solfato e la 4-guanidino-2,6-dimetilpirimidina solfato inibisconoin vitro la moltiplicazione del poliovirus e del Coxsackie B₃ ma non quella del virus vaccinico e dell'adenovirus 5. L'analogia di comportamento con la guanidina è documentata oltre che da ciò, dalla esistenza di una resistenza e di una dipendenza crociata. Si dimostra cioè che non tutte le sostituzioni nella molecola della guanidina comportano una perdita dell'attività antivirale, come ritenuto in precedenza.     

In vitro enhancement of human platelet aggregation by somatostatin

Summary Very low concentrations of somatostatin (S-14) strongly potentiate the in vitro aggregation induced by collagen, ristocetin and arachidonic acid, but not that induced by ADP or epinephrine, in both human platelet rich plasmas and gel-filtered platelet preparations. Desensitization phenomena may be induced either by repeated addition of S-14 or long lasting contact between S-14 and platelets.     

In vitro enhancement of human platelet aggregation by somatostatin

Very low concentrations of somatostatin (S-14) strongly potentiate the in vitro aggregation induced by collagen, ristocetin and arachidonic acid, but not that induced by ADP or epinephrine, in both human platelet rich plasmas and gel-filtered platelet preparations. Desensitization phenomena may be induced either by repeated addition of S-14 or long lasting contact between S-14 and platelets.