微米级单分散苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物微球的制备

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为分散稳定剂、偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂、醇或醇/水混合物为分散介质，用分散共聚合方法制备了微米级苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物微球。研究了功能单体用量、介质的溶解度参数、分散剂用量及温度对共聚反应速率、转化率、共聚物微球的粒径和粒径分布的影响。结果表明，功能单体用量增加，聚合速率变慢，粒径增大；介质的溶解度参数增大，聚合速率增大，转化率提高，粒径减小；分散剂用量增大，聚合速率及转化率的变化不大，粒径减小；反应温度升高，聚合速率和转化率提高，粒径增大，粒径分布变宽。     

纤维素接枝高吸水性树脂的合成与性能

采用反相悬浮聚合方法制备羧甲基纤维素接枝丙烯酸高吸水性材料,并详细考察原料配比,油水比、引发剂、分散剂,中和度,反应温度和反应对接枝共聚物性能的影响。     

高吸水性聚丙烯酸盐共聚物合成与性能研究

采用反相悬浮聚合法制备了丙烯酸钾 -丙烯酰胺 - N—羟甲基丙烯酰胺高吸水性共聚物。制得的树脂吸收去离子水可达 80 0 g/g以上 ,吸收 w( Na Cl)为 0 .9%的溶液1 0 0 g/g以上。研究了分散剂种类、用量 ,交联剂用量 ,丙烯酸中和度 ,引发剂用量 ,共聚单体配比等因素对共聚物吸水率的影响 ,为选择最佳配方提供依据。     

嵌段共聚物PS-b-PAA的合成及其分散性能研究

以苯乙烯和丙烯酸为单体,二硫代苯甲酸苄酯为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,采用可逆加成-断裂链转移活性自由基聚合方法合成了两亲性嵌段共聚物分散剂聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸(PS-b-PAA),探讨了影响聚合反应的主要因素,用GPC,IR,1H NMR对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,用RAFT法制得的共聚物分子量分布为1.1~1.3,聚合反应在80℃下24 h内转化率达95%.进一步的分散性能研究表明,超分散剂PS-b-PAA对S iO2粉体在水中有着较好的分散效果.     

活性自由基聚合在高分子合成中的应用

对活性自由基聚合在高分子合成中的应用进展进行了综述,介绍了活性自由基聚合在聚合单体、共聚物（梯形共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物）、星形和枝化聚合物等方面的最新研究成果。     

生物可降解PLA-PEG共聚物微球的制备及表征

首先利用开环聚合的方法 ,制备了聚乳酸 -聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物 .然后以此为基材 ,采用乳化溶剂蒸发法 ,制备了聚乳酸 -聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物微球 ,分别研究了聚合温度、聚合时间和聚乙二醇的分子量等对共聚物的特性粘数 [η]的影响以及稳定剂、乳化剂、共聚物 [η]、搅拌速度及油 /水比对共聚物微球的影响 .     

环保型螯合分散剂的研制

丙烯酸、马来酸酐以双氧水为催化剂,合成了共聚物,该共聚物具有较强的螯合Fe~(3+)、Ca~(2+)的能力。作为螯合分散剂的一个组分,丙烯酸-马来酸酐共聚物与葡萄糖酸钠和有机膦进行复配,复配物螯合Fe~(3+)、Ca~(2+)离子的性能达到同类产品的水平,而且易于生物降解,是一种新型的环保型螯合分散剂。     

环保型螯合分散剂的研制

丙烯酸、马来酸酐以双氧水为40化剂，合成了共聚物，该共聚物具有较强的螯合Fe^3 、Ca^2 的能力。作为螯合分散剂的一个组分，丙渗改—马来酸酐共聚物与葡萄糖改钓和有机膦进行复配，复配物整合Fe^3 、Ca^2 离子的性能达到同类产品的水平，而且易于生物降解，是一种新型的环保型螯合分散剂。     

分散剂对悬浮聚合法制备PMMA微球的影响

选用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）为单体,采用悬浮聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）微球,研究了不同分散剂对聚合反应的影响,并采用光学显微镜对微球形态进行了表征。结果表明,悬浮聚合体系中,不同的分散剂影响了PMMA微粒的分散。本实验选用的分散剂在分散效果上远远强于聚乙烯醇（PVA）分散剂。     

室温原子转移自由基聚合（RT—ATRP）在合成嵌段共聚物中的应用研究进展

室温原子转移自由基聚合较普通自由基聚合有多方面的优点。综述了室温原子转移自由基聚合在合成油溶性、水溶性及两亲嵌段共聚物方面的研究和应用,对室温原子转移自由基聚合及其在合成嵌段共聚物的应用作了展望。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.