巴丹吉林沙漠更新世古风向变化及环境意义

古大气环流研究旨在揭示高大沙山形成发育过程中地表风系的变化和大气环流形式。通过对巴丹吉林沙漠的沙山形态、沙山地层测年、古沙丘层理结构以及区域风况等的综合研究 ,表明末次间冰期以前该区主要受西风环流控制 ,地表盛行风向为西风 ,次为西北风 ,河湖水系较发育 ;末次冰期以来该区主要受东亚季风环流影响 ,地表盛行风向为西北风 ,次为西风 ,风沙活动居主导地位。古风向变化可能是青藏高原隆升对西风环流的阻挡与对东亚季风环流强化的具体表现     

青藏高原东北部不同地理单元全新世湖泊演化与模拟

选择青藏高原东北部地区3个典型湖泊:猪野泽(干旱区)、青海湖(高原区)、小柴达木湖(柴达木盆地)为研究对象,基于流域能量与水量平衡模型,利用古岸堤高程和年代学证据重建古湖泊面积、古降水量与古径流量,运用虚拟湖泊能量与水量平衡模型连续模拟全新世湖泊演化过程,结合古气候代用指标分析湖泊演化与气候变化的驱动机制.结果表明, 3个典型湖泊重建结果与模拟结果较为一致;猪野泽中全新世湖泊水位变化主要受降水因素影响,晚全新世湖泊水位变化主要受控于蒸发因素;青海湖全新世湖泊水位变化主要受季风降水影响;小柴达木湖全新世湖泊水位变化幅度小,中全新世湖泊水位变化主要受西风影响,晚全新世湖泊水位主要受控于蒸发因素.     

基于年代数据的青藏高原东北部全新世风沙活动研究

本文对青藏高原东北部全新世风成沉积剖面的年代数据应用概率密度方法结合年代数据分布情况重建了该区全新世风沙活动历史.结果表明:青藏高原东北部早全新世风沙活动强烈,但也存在不同尺度的空间差异,表现在共和盆地、柴达木盆地及青海湖盆地风成砂都广泛发育,但青海湖盆地同期还有古土壤发育,冬给措纳湖流域在这一时期也有少量的风成砂层出现;中全新世古土壤广泛发育,风沙活动较弱,整个东北部具有较好的一致性;晚全新世以来,柴达木盆地和冬给措纳湖流域风成砂发育较好,而共和盆地古土壤广泛发育,同时青海湖盆地风成砂和古土壤均有出现,说明风沙活动强度的区域差异较大,这可能是由于局部地区受到了人为活动强烈干扰的影响.风沙活动强度与区域有效湿度密切相关,区域有效湿度较高时,风沙活动较弱;反之,风沙活动较强.另外,大面积湖泊的存在使得青海湖盆地和冬给措纳湖流域全新世风沙活动的特点与柴达木盆地和共和盆地不尽相同,湖泊水位与湖泊增湿降温效应的相互关系以及物源供给特点可能是造成这一现象的原因.年代数据的概率密度方法相对于频率统计直方图具有一定的优势,充分利用了单个年代数据符合正态分布的特点,能够反映年代数据的范围和精度.     

晚更新世末期东亚季风活动与陆架区沉积环境变迁

从距今18000年的最后冰期最盛时期到距今10000年开始的全新世海侵,全球气候发生过急剧的变化。位于亚洲东部的古季风活动也经历了盛衰变化。大量的钻孔及浅地层剖面分析资料已经证实,冰期最盛时期陆架区古季风活动加强,陆架出现了沙漠环境与黄土沉积。当冰期结束,气候转暖,冬季风减弱之际,南黄海陆架及长江三角洲一带的沙漠与黄土分布范围也随之缩小,原先的沙漠活动区变成了黄土分布区,也就是所谓硬粘土沉积区。随着古季风活动的进一步衰退和海面的不断升高,来自陆架区的东北风变为冷湿气流。长江三角洲地区和陆架上出现了有利于沼泽发育的环境,全新世海侵把泥炭层淹没。陆架区晚更新世末期以来的地层中出现沙层、硬粘土和泥炭层的沉积序列,即“三元沉积结构”,是古季风盛衰过程的最好记录。     

青藏高原隆起与中国自然环境的演化

青藏高原隆起最终奠定了我国现代地貌格局与地形特点,我国现代季风环流的建立与高原隆起有直接关系。我国现代季风与第三纪末的古季风在成因与强度上有质的差异。伴随高原的隆起,我国自然地理环境从上新世末的以行星风系为主的区域分异演变成现今的三大地理区。     

青藏高原东北边缘黄土磁化率各向异性揭示古风向的初步研究

利用磁化率各向异性系统地研究了黄土沉积时的近地面风向。根据兰州、临夏、武都三个典型剖面共计１４０个风成黄土样品的磁化率各向异性的研究发现青藏高原东北边缘地区各时代黄土沉积的近地面风向是各不相同的，自早更新世中期到中更新世直至晚更新世，随着时间的推移，古风向都存在着一个明显的逆时针方向的改变。究其原因，这可能与青藏高原的隆起和局地特殊的地形效应以及环流形式的调整有关。     

藏北库木库里盆地KM剖面晚更新世沉积物粒度特征及其环境意义

对青藏高原东北缘库木库里盆地阿牙克库木湖南缘的KM剖面沉积物进行了粒度分析,剖面粒度组成主要以细粉砂和砂粒占优势,质量分数分别为39.2%、26.9%.剖面粒度整体分选较差,频率分布曲线呈现多峰分布的特征,偏度从极负偏到正偏、峰态从窄到宽,反映了多种搬运方式存在;各粒度组分的分析结果表明研究区气候演化可以划分为5个阶段:1)22.0～21.0 ka BP气候冷干,湖泊水位低,西风较强,沙尘暴频繁;2)21.0～16.0 ka BP气候较前一阶段湿润,湖泊水位升高,西风减弱,沙尘暴减少;3)16.0～10.5 ka BP气候冷干、不稳定,波动幅度大,风力作用强,湖泊水位浅,沙尘暴增多;4)10.5～3.5 ka BP气候最为暖湿,西风减弱,湖水水位上升,湖泊水位达到剖面最高;5)3.5～2.0 ka BP湖泊水位降低,风力作用较强,气候变得干冷.末次盛冰期以来,受控于北大西洋气候的西风起主导作用,研究区气候随着西风的增强而变得冷干,湖泊水位降低,沙尘暴较为频繁,直至全新世受控于北纬65?太阳辐射强度的季风占主导作用,气候最为暖湿,沙尘暴较少,晚全新世以来随着太阳辐射的减弱,季风减弱,气候再次朝着冷干方向发展.     

陕北地区土地沙化、水土流失的主控因素

目的 提供陕北地区退耕还林的自然科学依据。方法 在分析现状的基础上，运用粒度方法分析陕北地区的自然因素对退耕还林工程的影响。结果 陕北地区土地沙漠化及水土流失受全球气候变化、青藏高原抬升、西风环流变化、东亚季风演化的控制；第四纪早期，中国北方旱化加剧，陕北地区处于西北部干旱荒漠与东南部森林草原之间的过渡带，极易受到气候波动影响。结论 退耕还林政策使区域人类生产活动更加符合自然规律，使人类活动更加与自然协调，达到了自然环境的良性发展。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘渭北隆起中新生代构造抬升及演化

应用磷灰石裂变径迹定年技术研究鄂尔多斯盆地南缘渭北隆起抬升期次及演化过程.对渭北隆起不同地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分析结果表明,渭北地区主要经历了3期主要抬升过程,主要发生在146～ 125 Ma,107～83.8 Ma和40 ～ 27.3 Ma.结合前人对该地区原型盆地、构造变形特征等研究成果认为,早白垩世末之前渭北隆起应为大型鄂尔多斯盆地的一部分,整体以沉降沉积为主,此时尚未隆起;渭北隆起的形成和演化可分为晚白垩世整体抬升阶段和始新世～渐新世以来的断块翘倾两大阶段.晚白垩世渭北地区整体抬升主要受控于秦岭造山带中晚燕山期的抬升过程;始新世-渐新世以来的断块敲倾作用阶段,与秦岭造山带始新世以来的快速隆升,以及渭河盆地新生代的快速断陷作用有关.     

近50年来柴达木盆地升温与全球变暖

柴达木盆地地处亚欧大陆腹地，是亚洲大陆干极核心，处于中纬西风带和东亚季风系统的交界带，对气候变化极为敏感。本文利用柴达木盆地五个气象站的资料，分析柴达木盆地气温变化，发现盆地气温显著上升，近50年来上升了2℃左右，远远大于全球上世纪升温0．6℃～0．7℃的水平。笔者推测柴达木盆地深居青藏高原内陆，青藏高原对全球气候变化有很高的敏感性，不仅迅速地响应全球变化的信号，而且对某些信号和趋势起着放大作用，还可能通过各种正反馈过程，对全球气候变化产生重大影响。     

Holocene palynological records and their responses to the controversies of climate system in the Shiyang River drainage basin

The Shiyang River drainage basin is located in the northwest margin of the Asian monsoon region. Previous studies reached different conclusions about Holocene climatic changes in the basin. Some studies suggested the Holocene climatic changes were mainly controlled by the Asian monsoon and that the climate was relatively humid during the early Holocene (11.6-7.1 cal ka BP). Other studies found the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum (7.0-5.0 cal ka BP), and this climate condition was similar to the Holocene westerly wind pattern in arid Central Asia. The modern climate is affected by the Asian monsoon and westerly wind in the drainage basin, and the Holocene climatic records showed two different Holocene climatic patterns-a westerly wind pattern and monsoonal pattern. However, it remains unclear what caused the two different Holocene climatic patterns to co-exist in the region. The palynological records are the main evidence for the Holocene climatic changes in the basin. This paper focuses on palynological records for different parts of the drainage basin. Among them, QTH02, QTL-03 and Sanjiaocheng records are located in the terminal lake, and the Hongshuihe record is located in the middle reaches of the basin. In the terminal lake, the palynological records of QTH02 and QTL-03 are similar, but the Sanjiaocheng record differs. The difference is mainly affected by the variable pollen assemblages in the different locations of the lake basin. From comparison and synthesis of the four palynological records, we concluded that the millennial-scale Holocene climatic changes were affected by the combined effects of the Asian monsoon and westerly wind in the drainage basin, which show the complicated Holocene climatic pattern in the northwest margin of the Asian monsoon.     

Comparison of paleoclimatic characteristics between monsoon and westerly areas, China

For past decades there have been many studies on the climate features during the last interglacial and glacial periods. A comparison between the loess record of western China with that of monsoon areas shows some regional differences. ( i) Generally, the climate of the Yili region since the late Pleistocene was dry, with fluctuations. Late Pleistocene climate change in the study area can be divided into 5 stages, corresponding to 5 marine isotopic stages (MIS 1-MISS), (ii) Evidence from grain size composition, magnetic susceptibility, carbonate content, pollen assemblage and geochemistry shows that the climate during the last glacial period was instable. During MIS4 the westerly winds were strong and the humidity was relatively high. Compared with the early stage, MIS2 was dry. In MIS3, westerly winds were relatively weak; pedogenesis prevailed, forming paleo-sols. (iii) In contrast to the Loess Plateau the deposition rate of dust at the early stage was higher than at the late stage of the last galical in the Yili region. The strongest wind event occurred at about 24 kaBP instead of 18 kaBP. (iv) Variations in the grain size indicate that the westerly winds decreased since the deglaciation, but dust accumulation continued until the late Holocene. High carbonate contents, low ratio of Rb/Sr and lack of soil development imply that the climate was dry during the early and middle Holocene. Since the late Holocene the climate became relatively wet and the soil was developed.     

Late Miocene–early Pleistocene paleoproductivity variations of the Lop Nor in the Tarim Basin and its implications on aridification in Asian Interior

Extensive lacustrine deposits in the eastern Tarim Basin provide records of climate change influenced by the westerly winds and the Asian monsoon. To char- acterize the evolution of climate change in this region, we analyze elemental concentrations of barium （Ba） from the Ls2 drill core of Lop Nor, a paleo-lakebed located in the eastern Tarim Basin. Biogenic Ba concentrations from this drill core display a large-amplitude oscillation that gener- ally follows a pattern similar to that of Artemisia content and ostracod assemblages, suggesting that is may serve as an index for climate change experienced in the basin. Our results indicate that biogenic Ba is especially sensitive to precipitation. All climatic proxies served in this study vary significantly over late Miocene to early Pleistocene time period. Strong aridification of eastern Tarim in the late Miocene to the early Pliocene may be attributed to a lati- tudinal shift in the westerly winds, which would have resulted in more moisture transported to southern and eastern Tibet. The growth of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau may have acted as an orographic barrier that blocked moisture sourced in the south from the northern margins of the plateau. We link weaker aridification in the late Pliocene to an increased intensity of the Indian Monsoon.     

Holocene abrupt climate shifts recorded in Gun Nuur lake core, northern Mongolia

A continuous 7.44 m lake core was successfully drilled at Gun Nuur Lake, northern Mongolia, and analyses on environment magnetic parameters, organic matter content and organic δ^13C were conducted in an attempt to retrieve the Holocene chronosequence of climatic changes based on 6 AMS ^14C dates. We found that the Holocene climate in northern Mongolia has been alternating between cold (or cool)/wet conditions and warm/arid conditions, and also punctuated with a series of abrupt climate shifts. The abrupt climate shifts occurred around 1750, 2800, 4000, 5200, 7200, and 9200 aBP (^14C age), being chronologically correlative to those abrupt climatic events recorded in the high-latitude North Atlantic Ocean. The correlation indicates that the climatic changes in northern Mongolia were linked with those in the North Atlantic Ocean probably via the North Atlantic Oscillation-affected westerly winds. The strength and position of westerly winds might have modulated the Siberian-Mongolian high pressure system (winter monsoon), directly influencing the climate in China.     

Dynamical impact of anomalous East-Asian winter monsoon on zonal wind over the equatorial western Pacific

Abstract Zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific plays an important role in the occurrence of ENSO. The mechanism to produce zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific is studied in this paper. It is shown clearly that zonal wind anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific is closely related to the anomaly of EastAsian winter monsoon. Anomalous strong （weak） East-Asian winter monsoon can excite not only the westerly （easterly）anomaly over the equatorial western Pacific but also a cyclonic （an anticyclonic） circulation over the east of the Philippines. The above anomalous circulation results from dynamical impacts of anomalous pressure pattern due to the East-Asian winter monsoon. Because there is westward （eastward） pressure gradient over the equatorial western Pacific, i.e. there is αp/αx 〈 0 （〉 0）, during strong （weak） East-Asian winter monsoon.     

保定‒雄安地区近地面大气流动与轨迹输送特征

基于2016—2017年22个地面气象站点的观测资料和NECP-fnl数据, 使用CALMET风场诊断模式, 计算保定?雄安地区两个年份的逐时风场和每日输送轨迹。根据风场与流动轨迹特性, 从大气扩散输送的角度, 将当地大气流动划分为系统大风型、局地环流型与弱系统影响型 3 类。统计分析结果表明: 大气流动3个类型的大致比例为10%, 50%和40%; 系统大风型流动的占比较低, 且春夏季较多, 秋冬季较少; 局地环流型流动以秋冬季较多, 春夏季较少; 弱系统影响型的出现频率在全年变化不大, 但在秋冬季出现频率稍低; 大气流动受西北部山地影响, 山地-平原风可控制山前约100 km的范围, 覆盖保定市和雄安新区大部; 山地-平原风的转换可在山前区域形成部分时段的小风状况; 该地区大气输送的主要路径是西南-东北方向, 对应大尺度背景流动情况; 西北-东南方向的横向输送距离较短, 对应山地-平原风地形环流的影响; 在系统大风和弱系统影响下, 冬春季会出现部分直接向东南方向的输送轨迹。     

Relationship between East Asian winter monsoon, warm pool situation and ENSO cycle

Based on the observational data analyses and numerical simulations with the air-sea coupled model (CGCM), a new perspective on the occurrence mechanism of ENSO is advanced in this paper. The continuous strong (weak) East Asian winter monsoon will lead to continuous westerly (easterly) wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific region. The anomalous equatorial westerly (easterly) winds can cause eastward propagation of the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies (SOTA) in the warm pool region, the positive (negative) SOTA have been in the warm pool region for quite a long time. The eastward propagating of positive (negative) SOTA along the thermocline will lead to positive (negative) SSTA in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the occurrence of El Niño (La Niña) event. After the occurrence of ENSO, the winter monsoon in East Asia will be weak (strong) due to the influence of El Niño (La Niña).     

亚澳季风区内水汽汇的准两年振荡及其与大气环流的关系

利用1950-2000年大气视水汽汇资料,分析了亚澳季风区内水汽汇准两年振荡的变化特征及其与大气环流的关系.亚澳季风区内水汽汇有显著的准两年振荡,其关键区位于西太平洋暖池、孟加拉湾、东南印度洋和西南印度洋,它们对应3种遥相关型.当暖池水汽汇偏强时,我国华南为偏北风距平,东亚季风区水汽汇偏弱;印度洋水汽汇距平呈现为偶极子分布,东南印度洋附近水汽汇偏强时,东南印度洋至赤道西印度洋为偏西风距平,赤道西印度洋水汽汇偏弱;孟加拉湾水汽汇偏强时,孟加拉湾至西南印度洋为偏南风距平,西南印度洋的水汽汇偏弱.反之亦然.     

洛阳盆地平原区全新世地貌环境演变

对洛阳盆地平原区典型剖面的物质组成、测年数据和考古遗址空间分布特点的综合分析显示,该地区全新世地貌环境经历了伊、洛河一、二级阶地形成、阶地面接受洪积冲积物质和风尘物质不断加积、伊、洛河夹河滩地不断扩大的演变过程.二级阶地形成于全新世初期,一级阶地形成于约3.1 ka BP,阶地形成的原因以气候变化为主,因此两级阶地为气候阶地;夹河滩地自晚全新世开始,因伊、洛河汇流点东移而不断扩大;引起滩地扩大的根本原因是人类活动的不断加强.