Solid-phase synthesis of Cu<Subscript>2</Subscript>MoS<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles for degradation of methyl blue under a halogen-tungsten lamp

The Cu₂MoS₄ nanoparticles were prepared using a relatively simple and convenient solid-phase process, which was applied for the first time. The crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of Cu₂MoS₄ nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Cu₂MoS₄ nanoparticles having a band gap of 1.66 eV exhibits good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue, which indicates that this simple process may be critical to facilitate the cheap production of photocatalysts.     

Cu_2ZnSnS_4纳米晶的合成和表征

用乙酰丙酮铜、二水醋酸锌、氯化亚锡和高纯硫分别作为反应的铜源、锌源、锡源和硫源,油胺充当反应溶剂和活性剂,采用热注入法在不同的温度和反应时间下合成出了Cu_2ZnSnS_4纳米晶体.然后,使用X射线衍射、紫外-可见分光光度计、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等手段分别对Cu_2ZnSnS_4纳米晶体的晶格结构、吸收谱线和表面形貌进行了表征.通过对比发现,在270℃时合成出的纳米晶体比较纯净,纳米晶体颗粒的尺寸在一定反应时间内随反应时间的延长而增大.得到的产物在有机溶剂甲苯中分散性良好.这样的"墨汁"溶液在后期制备薄膜太阳能电池更有利.     

非离子表面活性剂辅助液相合成Cu2O纳米线及其结构和性能研究

首次提出了一种利用非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇(分子量:20 000)(PEG Mw20 000)为助生长剂,通过还原剂水合肼(N2H4)还原新生成的Cu(OH)2大规模合成半导体Cu2O纳米线的新方法.用TEM和HRTEM研究了所合成的Cu2O纳米线的形貌和结晶性,并用FT-IR红外吸收谱研究了纳米线的红外吸收特性,用纳米材料的量子效应和表面效应对FT-IR红外吸收谱中的蓝移现象作了解释.讨论了表面活性剂PEG的作用,由此详细研究了Cu2O纳米线的生长机制,指出Cu2O纳米线是由于吸附在PEG长链上的Cu2O纳米粒子通过彼此间的相互连接沿着PEG长链自组装而形成的.     

镁基大块非晶玻璃转变的动力学性质

用真空吹铸法制备了直径2 mm的Mg65Cu25Y6Gd4与Mg65Cu25Gd10块体非晶合金棒,采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)分别对非晶合金的结构和形成能力进行了研究.以Mg65Cu25Y6Gd4与Mg65Cu25Gd10大块非晶合金DTA实验为基础,利用Kissinger方程对其玻璃转变的动力学性质从不同方面进行了研究.分析结果表明:玻璃转变表观激活能与频率因子v0越小,玻璃转变处Lasocka关系的B值越大,则对于同一合金系表现出玻璃形成能力(GFA)越强,这一现象是由于大块非晶合金独特的结构特点所引起的.     

TiN-MOS2/Ti复合薄膜的摩擦性能

采用纳米复合非平衡等离子体镀膜方法制作了应用于月球车活动关节的新型TiN-MoS2/Ti复合润滑薄膜,通过SEM、XPS等对复合薄膜的微观结构和成分进行了分析,并进行了耐磨和抗潮湿性能试验。研究结果显示,与传统多层膜结构相比,TiN-MoS2/Ti新型复合膜的钻孔数从278个提高到356个;潮湿储存10d后,其耐磨性能与多层膜相比,提高了2.5倍。因此,通过优化制备工艺及加入Ti添加剂等方法可以有效提高月球车活动关节处润滑薄膜的耐磨和抗潮性能。     

氧化亚铜在聚氯乙烯燃烧热降解中的作用

研究了过渡金属氧化物在聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）热降解过程中的作用。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）、热重分析（ＴＧＡ）、Ｘ射线光电子光谱（ＸＰＳ）及锥形量热仪（ＣＯＮＥ）等测试技术对Ｃｕ２Ｏ在ＰＶＣ燃烧热降解过程中的作用进行了详细的研究。从实验上证明了Ｃｕ２Ｏ的存在能促进ＰＶＣ在热降解过程中更易脱ＨＣｌ，使ＰＶＣ降解过程中的成炭量大大增加，提高了其阻燃性能。     

Multiscale structures of Zr-based binary metallic glasses and the correlation with glass forming ability

Thermal behaviors and structures of three Zr-based binary glass formers, Zr50Cu50, Zr64Cu36 and Zr64Ni36, were investigated and compared using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high energy X-ray diffraction (XRD) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The high energy XRD results show that the bulk glass former Zr50Cu50 has a denser atomic packing efficiency and reduced mediumrange order than those of marginal glass formers Zr64Cu36 and Zr64Ni36. Based on TEM observations for the samples after heat treatment at 10 K above their crystallization onset temperatures, the number density of crystals for Zr50Cu50 was estimated to be 1023–1024 m?3, which was four-orders higher than that in Zr64Cu36 and Zr64Ni36 metallic glasses. SAXS results indicate that Zr50Cu50 has higher degree of nanoscale inhomogeneities than those in Zr64Cu36 and Zr64Ni36 at as-cast state. The observed multiscale structures are discussed in terms of the phase stability and glass-forming ability of Zr-based binary glass formers.     

低温固相法制备Cu2O纳米晶

本论文基于绿色化学的思想，运用低温固相反应实验技术成功地实现了氧化亚铜纳米晶的制备。用X—射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对所得产物进行了表征，并对氧化亚铜棒状结构的形成机理做了初步探讨。     

基于硫化钼量子点的心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ无标记型电化学发光免疫传感检测

基于硫化钼量子点(MoS_2 QDs)/过二硫酸钾(K_2S_2O_8)电化学发光(ECL)体系,构建了灵敏检测心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)无标记型免疫传感器新方法.将发光材料MoS_2 QDs与还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)复合形成MoS_2 QDs-rGO纳米复合物,然后组装构建传感器.在优化条件下,对cTnI检测的线性范围为1.0×10~(-9)～1.0×10~(-4) g/L(R=0.998),检出限为4.9×10~(-10) g/L(R_(SN)=3).将提出的方法应用于实际人血清样品中cTnⅠ含量的测定,RSD在1.0%～2.6%范围,加标回收率在98.0%～110.0%之间.讨论了反应机理.     

CO2 activation on bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles

A trio of thiolate-protected atomically precise gold nanoclusters, [Au23(S-c-C6H11)16]–, Au24(SCH2pHtBu)20 and [Au25(SCH2CH2pH)18]–, are utilized as catalysts for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction to 4-aminophenol (4-AP). Despite nearly identical sizes (~1 nm), the three nanoclusters possess distinctly different atomic packing structures and surface ligand binding modes, which contribute to different catalytic performance. The [Au23(S-c-C6H11)16]– nanocluster shows the highest activity with a kinetic rate constant of 0.0370 s?1, which is higher than those of Au24(SCH2pHtBu)20 (0.0090 s?1) and [Au25(SCH2CH2pH)18]– (0.0242 s?1). Such a trio of gold nanoclusters indicate that the atomic packing mode and electronic structure play a crucial role in determining their catalytic performance.     

分散剂对基础油中纳米二硫化钼颗粒分散与润滑性能的影响研究

采用激光粒度分析仪和纳米摩擦试验机分别考察了6种分散剂对基础油中纳米二硫化钼(MoS_2)颗粒的分散稳定性和油品的减摩性能,并采用红外光谱(FTIR)分析了分散剂与MoS_2纳米颗粒的接枝作用机理.试验结果表明,氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(ATS)和山梨醇油酸酯(SPAN 80)分散剂因含有极性较强的官能团,与MoS_2接枝后能够形成牢固的化学键,不仅表现出突出的分散稳定效果,而且能大幅降低纳米MoS_2基础油的摩擦系数,而其他4种分散剂中的官能团极性较弱,与MoS_2纳米颗粒的化学键合作用较弱,容易在摩擦外力作用下破坏,导致油品的摩擦系数增加.     

Ti或TiN的添加对MoS2基复合薄膜耐磨性能的影响

为改进纯MoS2薄膜在大气环境下极易氧化失效且耐磨损性能较差的缺点,采用非平衡纳米复合等离子体镀膜技术合成了MoS2基薄膜, 该薄膜由Ti或TiN与MoS2共沉积而成.采用扫描电子显微镜、干钻削和车削实验确定薄膜的结构、成份和机械性能.结果显示, 在潮湿和超低温环境下,薄膜具有优异的耐磨寿命和抗氧化性.实验表明, 改进后的MoS2基复合薄膜在机加和成型等领域中具有广泛的应用前景.     

Structural and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by arc-discharge in water

By using a simple and low-cost arc-discharge method in deionized water, high purity Fe3O4 nanoparti- cles have been synthesized on large scale. The structure of these nanoparticles has been studied by means of transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles show well-defined spherical shape, with diameters ranging from 10 to 30 nm and the average diameter about 20 nm. By investigating the effects of the different processing conditions, optimum parameters were obtained. Moreover, the size of the as-grown nanoparticles can also be controlled through ad- justing the processing parameters. These Fe3O4 nanoparticles were magnetic materials, showing saturation magnetization of 64.97 emu/g at room temperature.     

Optical properties of amorphous thin film of Se-Te-Ag system prepared by using thermal evaporation technique

Zn_(0.95)Co_(0.05)O and Zn_(0.91)Co_(0.05)Cu_(0.04)O thin films were fabricated on Si(111) substrate by the reactive magnetron sputtering method at different O-Ar ratios.Detailed characterizations by X-ray diffractometry(XRD),X-ray photo-electronic spectrum(XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) indicate that the doped Cu ions substitute the Zn~(2+) ions in the ZnO lattice.The doped Cu ions are in Cu~+ and Cu~(2+) mixture valence states.The ferromagnetism of the Zn_(0.91)Co_(0.05)Cu_(0.04)O film ...     

载体对草酸二甲酯加氢铜基催化剂的影响

以草酸二甲酯加氢反应为基础,研究了二氧化硅载体对铜基催化剂加氢反应性能的影响。催化剂分别以气相硅溶胶、硅胶、二氧化硅为载体,采用沉淀沉积法制备了Cu/SiO2催化剂(wCu=0.20),分别记为CS1、CS2、CS3,催化剂的活性从CS3、CS2到CS1依次增加。XRD测试物相结构表明:氧化态CS2和CS3中存在CuO晶相,而氧化态CS1中活性组分呈无定形分布。还原态催化剂的XRD测试表明催化剂中有Cu2O和Cu0存在,且Cu2O/Cu0的比例按CS3、CS2、CS1顺序增加,XPS分析证实了3个催化剂表面Cu2O/Cu0的比例有相应的变化趋势。这说明Cu2O和Cu0与草酸二甲酯加氢反应活性相关,提高Cu2O的含量,可以提高催化剂的活性。     

Synthesis and characterization of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> magnetic composite nanoparticles by a one-pot process

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell composite nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a one-pot process. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate was used as a surfactant to synthesize Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell structures from prepared Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The properties of the Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared Fe₃O₄ particles were approximately 12 nm in size, and the thickness of the SiO₂ coating was approximately 4 nm. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometry. The results show that the maximum saturation magnetization of the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ powder (34.85 A·m2·kg–1) was markedly lower than that of the Fe₃O₄ powder (79.55 A·m2·kg–1), which demonstrates that Fe₃O₄ was successfully wrapped by SiO₂. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles have broad prospects in biomedical applications; thus, our next study will apply them in magnetic resonance imaging.     

Synthesis and characterization of Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> prepared from atmospheric pressure acid leach liquors of nickel laterite ores

A chemical precipitation-thermal decomposition method was developed to synthesize Co₃O₄ nanoparticles using cobalt liquor obtained from the atmospheric pressure acid leaching process of nickel laterite ores. The effects of the precursor reaction temperature, the concentration of Co2+, and the calcination temperature on the specific surface area, morphology, and the electrochemical behavior of the obtained Co₃O₄ particles were investigated. The precursor basic cobaltous carbonate and cobaltosic oxide products were characterized and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the specific surface area of the Co₃O₄ particles with a diameter of 30 nm, which were obtained under the optimum conditions of a precursor reaction temperature of 30℃, 0.25 mol/L Co2+, and a calcination temperature of 350℃, was 48.89 m2/g. Electrodes fabricated using Co₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibited good electrochemical properties, with a specific capacitance of 216.3 F/g at a scan rate of 100 mV/s.     

Cu-In膜的相结构对CuInSe2薄膜性能的影响

为考察溅射功率对Cu-In薄膜中相结构以及相应的CuInSe2(简称CIS)薄膜性能的影响,采用中频交流磁控溅射方法沉积Cu-In薄膜,并采用固态硒化方法形成CIS薄膜.采用SEM和EDX观察和分析了它们的表面形貌和成分,采用XRD表征了薄膜的组织结构,并分析了硒化中的反应动力学过程.结果表明,在不同的溅射功率条件下,Cu-In预制膜以Cu11In9相或Cu11In9和CuIn的混合相存在.由Cu11In9和CuIn混合相薄膜形成的CIS薄膜具有单一的CuInSe2相黄铜矿相结构,且其成分接近CuInSe2化学计量比.而由Cut1In9相Cu-In预制膜形成的CIS薄膜中除了CuInSe2相以外,还出现了Cu2Se相,且其成分远离CuInSe2化学计量比.因此,具有Cu11In9和CuIn混合相结构的CuIn薄膜更适合制备CIS太阳电池吸收层.     

固液反应球磨制备Al-Cu-Co三元金属间化合物

利用固液反应球磨技术制备了Al-Cu-Co三元合金．分别采用Co球球磨Al-33．2％Cu(此文中的百分比为质量分数),Al-54％Cu(A12Cu)和Al-70％Cu(A1QJ)二元合金熔体,在923K和973K球磨Al-33．2％Cu熔体12h后生成Al65Co15Cu20粉末;在923K和1023K球磨24h后生成Al69Co25Cu6粉末,在893K和993K分别球磨Al-54％Cu(A12Cu)合金熔体12h和24h后均生成Al65Co15Cu2n粉末;在1123K球磨Al-70％Cu合金熔体24h后生成Al65Co15Cu20粉末．采用Al-Cu-Co固液反应球磨得到的金属间化合物粉末为纳米粒子．同时,对Al-Cu-Co三元合金相形成的规律进行了研究,对固液反应球磨机理进行了探讨．在固液反应球磨过程中,三元合金产物的元素摩尔比接近于二元母合金中的元素摩尔比;三元合金产物成分中固相第三组元的成分含量与二元母合金熔体成分有很大关系;提高反应球磨温度、延长球磨时间有利于三元合金产物的形成;延长球磨时间,形成的三元合金产物中磨球的成分增加;反应球磨温度超出二元母合金熔点越高,球磨反应越容易进行．     

CoFe2O4纳米颗粒磁性能的异常行为

采用改进的化学共沉法成功制备了CoFe2O4铁氧体纳米颗粒.X射线衍射谱表明样品具有单相的尖晶石结构,空间群为Fd3m-O7h;扫描电镜结果表明CoFe2O4纳米颗粒呈规则的球形,粒径尺寸主要分布在20-30nm之间;样品热磁曲线异常的不可逆行为被发现,并且升温测量过程中样品的居里温度稍高于重复测量的居里温度,可以解释为在磁性能测量过程中升降温改变了Co2＋在四面体位和八面体位之间的分布;CoFe2O4纳米颗粒样品的矫顽力低于理论值,这归因于我们合成的CoFe2O4纳米颗粒处于单畴结构状态和从亚铁磁到超顺磁的转变态.