The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat (CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum (FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat (CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.     

2，3-二羟基丙基二硫代碳酸钠对铜铅硫化矿浮选行为的影响

在乙硫氮浮选体系下,研究了小分子有机抑制剂2,3-二羟基丙基二硫代碳酸钠(SGX)对黄铜矿和方铅矿可浮性的影响,并通过动电位测试和红外光谱分析,探讨了SGX与两种矿物表面的相互作用机理.单矿物浮选试验结果表明:在整个pH值范围内,SGX对黄铜矿的浮选有一定的促进作用,而对方铅矿有强的抑制作用;随着SGX质量浓度的增加,方铅矿的回收率迅速下降,而黄铜矿的回收率有小幅度的增加.人工混合矿浮选试验结果表明,当矿浆pH值为6,SGX质量浓度为19g/L时,可得到较好的分离效果,精矿中铜的质量分数和回收率分别为2966%和8523%.动电位和红外光谱测试分析结果表明SGX与方铅矿之间的吸附能力明显强于黄铜矿.     

组合抑制剂CCSL浮选分离PbS、ZnS与单斜Fe1-x S的研究

进行了组合抑制剂CCSL分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的浮选研究.单矿物浮选实验结果表明,浮选过程添加该组合抑制剂时,磁黄铁矿基本不浮,而方铅矿与闪锌矿的可浮性很好.方铅矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该组合抑制剂时,方铅矿的浮选回收率可达90%以上,而磁黄铁矿基本不浮,从而很好地实现两种矿物的分离;闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该抑制剂时也能实现两种矿物的分离,但分离效果不及方铅矿与磁黄铁矿.X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、Zeta电位测试表明,CCSL处理后的磁黄铁矿表面的醋酸根吸附不是单纯的物理吸附.紫外吸收光谱扫描结果表明,CCSL中的醋酸根并没有阻碍磁黄铁矿表面双黄药的生成,磁黄铁矿可浮性下降仅仅是由于醋酸根对其造成的亲水性大于双黄药造成的疏水性.CCSL中的醋酸根既与磁黄铁矿中的Fe3+发生亲合,又与水中的H+形成氢键,最终增强了磁黄铁矿的亲水性;而醋酸根对方铅矿和闪锌矿基本没有影响,这是组合抑制剂CCSL能够分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的原因.     

Selective depression mechanism of ferric chromium lignin sulfonate for chalcopyrite–galena flotation separation

Selective recovery of chalcopyrite–galena ore by flotation remains a challenging issue. The development of highly efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly depressants for this flotation is necessary because most of available reagents (e.g., K₂Cr₂O₄) are expensive and adversely affect the environment. In this study, ferric chromium lignin sulfonate (FCLS), which is a waste-product from the paper and pulp industry, was introduced as a selective depressant for galena with butyl xanthate (BX) as a collector. Results show that the residue recovery of Pb in Cu concentrate was substantially reduced to 4.73% using FCLS compared with 10.71% using the common depressant K₂Cr₂O₄. The underlying mechanisms were revealed using zeta-potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Zeta-potential measurements revealed that FCLS was more efficiently absorbed onto galena than onto chalcopyrite. XPS measurements further suggested that FCLS enhanced the surface oxidation of galena but prevented that of chalcopyrite. Thus, FCLS could be a potential candidate as a depressant for chalcopyrite–galena flotation because of its low cost and its lack of detrimental effects on the environment.     

白云石对菱镁矿浮选行为的影响

以油酸钠(NaOL)为捕收剂,六偏磷酸钠为抑制剂研究菱镁矿和白云石浮选行为,并依据动电位、吸附试验和扫描电镜测试结果,探讨了菱镁矿与白云石人工混合矿体系中Ca~(2+)对菱镁矿浮选的影响机理.浮选试验结果表明,六偏磷酸钠对菱镁矿和白云石单矿物有良好的选择抑制作用;但对二者的人工混合矿进行浮选时,两种矿物均受到六偏磷酸钠的抑制,无法实现分离.吸附试验和扫描电镜测试结果表明,在浮选过程中白云石溶解出的Ca~(2+)吸附在菱镁矿表面.动电位测试表明,由于Ca~(2+)的吸附导致菱镁矿与白云石的表面性质趋同,严重影响这两种矿物的浮选分离.     

黄铜矿-方铅矿浮选分离的电化学研究

选用双氧水作抑制剂,实现了人工和现厂的铜-铅混合精矿的选择性浮选分离。通过矿浆电位测量和循环伏安曲线测定,详细地研究了双氧水的抑制机理。研究结果表明,双氧水能够氧化分解方铅矿表面的乙基黄原酸铅,但未能氧化黄铜矿表面的双黄药,由此造成双氧水作用的选择性。     

HA和石灰组合剂对铜镍硫化矿浮选分离的影响

通过黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿单矿物、混合矿和金川二矿区铜镍硫化矿矿石三产品浮选分离试验,证明在碱性矿浆中,用Z-200作捕收剂,HA和石灰作组合抑制剂,可有效地浮选分离黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿。     

新型二烷基黄原酸酯捕收剂DIDTC浮选机理

合成了一种活性二烷基黄原酸酯捕收剂——S-十二烷基,O-异丙基-黄原酸酯(DIDTC)并将其用于浮选分离黄铜矿和黄铁矿.浮选实验结果表明DIDTC具有比丁基黄药更好的选择性,紫外可见光谱证明DIDTC对铜离子比铁离子具有更强的吸附性.采用红外光谱和吸附实验研究了DIDTC对黄铜矿表面的吸附机理,实验结果表明在碱性环境中DIDTC可能通过其分子中的S原子和O原子同时与黄铜矿表面的铜原子发生了键合,并在浓度较高时形成多层吸附.另外,还采用普遍微扰理论和基于GGA/PW91作为交换相关函的密度泛函计算对上述结果进行了捕收剂的构效关系分析.     

小分子有机抑制剂对黄铜矿和方铅矿浮选行为的影响

研究了以乙硫氮为捕收剂的浮选体系中,新型抑制剂O,O-二(2,3-二羟基丙基)二硫代磷酸(DHDTP)对黄铜矿和方铅矿可浮性的影响,并通过动电位和红外光谱测试分析,探讨了DHDTP与矿物之间的相互作用机理.浮选试验结果表明:在pH=4~10的范围内,DHDTP对黄铜矿的抑制作用很弱,而对方铅矿却有很好的抑制效果;随着DHDTP用量的增加,方铅矿的回收率迅速下降,而黄铜矿的回收率只有小幅度的降低,这是因为方铅矿与DHDTP之间的吸附能力明显强于黄铜矿.     

Selective depression behavior of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation

The depression behavior and mechanism of guar gum on talc-type scheelite flotation were systematically investigated by flotation experiments, adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectroscopic analyses. The flotation results for monominerals, mixed minerals, and actual mineral samples indicated that guar gum exhibited much higher selective depression for talc than for scheelite. Bench-scale closed-circuit tests showed that a tungsten concentrate with a WO₃ grade of 51.43% and a WO₃ recovery of 76.18% was obtained. Adsorption tests, zeta-potential measurements, and infrared spectral analyses confirmed that guar gum absorbed more strongly onto the talc surface than onto the scheelite surface because of chemisorption between guar gum and talc. This chemisorption is responsible for the guar gum's highly selective depression for talc and small depression for scheelite. The flotation results provide technical support for talc-type scheelite flotation.     

2,3-二巯基丁二酸对黄铜矿和辉钼矿浮选行为的影响

以煤油为捕收剂,研究了2,3-二巯基丁二酸(DMSA)对黄铜矿和辉钼矿可浮性的影响,并通过动电位分析和量子化学计算探讨了DMSA与矿物之间的作用机理.浮选结果表明,DMSA对黄铜矿抑制作用较强,而对辉钼矿抑制很弱;获得对黄铜矿较好抑制效果时,其用量仅为硫化钠的1/9~1/13.动电位测试结果显示,DMSA在黄铜矿和辉钼矿表面均有吸附,但在黄铜矿表面的吸附作用强于辉钼矿.量子化学计算表明,DMSA与黄铜矿发生电化学作用,而不与辉钼矿发生反应.     

Flotation separation of arsenopyrite from several sulphide minerals with organic depressants

In this paper, the separation of arsenopyrite from chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena with organic depressants （guergum and sodium humic ） was discussed, and the functioning mechanism of those organic depressants was discussed. The experimental results of monomineral flotation indicated that both guergum and sodium humic have depressing effect on arsenopyrite in the presence of ethyl xanthate. Guergum and sodium humic showed different depressing ability to pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena, and the higher the pH value in pulp, the stronger the depressing ability. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometric study showed that the adsorption layer of xanthate on surface of minerals had been desorhed by the two organic depressants, and the selective desorption of the collector layer was found from different minerals. The xanthate cover on minerals surface was set free when dosage of the organic depressants was high enough. For artificially-mixed minerals, the separation of arsenopyrite from other sulphides was successfully realized by controlling dosage of the organic depressants. And sodium humic had been concentrates in a commercial Lead-Zinc concentrator.     

Bio-oxidation of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

This paper deals with the bio-oxidation processes by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Our experimental results show distinctive bio-oxidation characteristics for the three sulfide minerals. In the presence of A. ferrooxidans, the sulfide oxidation rates generally decrease in the order of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The pH during bio-oxidation of pyrite tends to decrease as a whole, whereas a rise-fall pattern was recorded for both chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite in their pH variations. No deposition was observed during the bio-oxidation of pyrite, suggesting a possible link to lower pH value in the process. However, large amounts of jarosite and element sulfur were determined in the bio-oxidation processes of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. A. ferrooxidans individuals were found directly as attachments to erosion pits on the smooth surface of pyrite. The erosion pits are similar to the bacterium in shape and length, and thus are probably products of dissolution of organic acid secreted by the cells on the mineral surface. More complicatedly, biofilm exists on the surfaces of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. This type of structured community of A. ferrooxidans is enclosed in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and covered with the deposition generated in the bio-oxidation processes of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Different bio-oxidation processes of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite may be linked mainly to characteristics of individual minerals and the pH in the reaction solution of the bio-oxidation system.     

氰化尾渣浮选回收过程中黄铜矿的界面特性研究

氰化尾渣是氰化提金过程中产生的固体废弃物,同时也是高价值的二次资源,含有大量的铜、铅、锌等有价元素。由于氰化过程长时间的充气搅拌,氰化尾渣的矿物界面发生严重的改性,但是关于这方面的研究较少。本文针对某高铜铅氰化尾渣浮选过程中存在铜铅难分离及铜回收率低等问题开展黄铜矿界面性质研究,采用的研究方法包括粒度分析仪、XRD分析、SEM–EDS微界面分析、FTIR分析、界面洗脱及浮选实验等。实验结果表明部分黄铜矿表面致密包裹一层细粒的方铅矿,导致黄铜矿表现为类似于方铅矿的浮选特性,导致这种现象的原因是黄铜矿表面被非极性油污染。不能被浮选回收的黄铜矿表面包裹一层铁矾类似物,导致黄铜矿表面被钝化而不利于药剂的吸附。通过研究可知氰化尾渣中黄铜矿界面容易被杂质污染及氧化层包裹,导致其难于被浮选回收。     

超细氰化尾渣中铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质

山东某冶炼厂氰化尾渣无法实现铜铅分选,通过XRD、激光粒度仪、浮选实验、FTIR、SEM-EDS、金相显微镜等方法,研究了氰化尾渣铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质.结果表明,渣中主要矿物为方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿,粒度小于38μm质量分数为95.61%.氰化尾渣中的方铅矿和黄铜矿表面含有大量油状物,此油状物被证明是机械润滑油.黄铜矿表面吸附大量润滑油,造成黄铜矿无法被氰化物抑制.细颗粒方铅矿通过疏水作用力包裹在黄铜矿表面,导致铜铅无法分选.     

Solution chemistry of carbonate minerals and its effects on the flotation of hematite with sodium oleate

The effects of carbonate minerals (dolomite and siderite) on the flotation of hematite using sodium oleate as a collector were investigated through flotation tests, supplemented by dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, zeta-potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results of flotation tests show that the presence of siderite or dolomite reduced the recovery of hematite and that the inhibiting effects of dolomite were stronger. Dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, and flotation tests confirmed that both the cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and CO₃2- ions dissolved from dolomite depressed hematite flotation, whereas only the CO₃2- ions dissolved from siderite were responsible for hematite depression. The zeta-potential, FTIR spectroscopic, and XPS analyses indicated that Ca2+, Mg2+, and CO₃2- (HCO₃-) could adsorb onto the hematite surface, thereby hindering the adsorption of sodium oleate, which was the main reason for the inhibiting effects of carbonate minerals on hematite flotation.     

鞣酸对方铅矿及黄铁矿的抑制作用

通过浮选试验发现有机抑制剂鞣酸能强烈抑制方铅矿和黄铁矿的浮选而对黄铜矿浮选影响较小.通过吸附量、紫外光谱、循环伏安扫描及交流阻抗法研究了鞣酸对方铅矿和黄铁矿的抑制机理.结果表明:鞣酸吸附在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面,增大了矿物表面的法拉第反应电阻;鞣酸能够影响乙基黄药在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面的电化学反应,阻碍部分乙基黄药在方铅矿和黄铁矿表面吸附.鞣酸本身的亲水性以及能够减少乙基黄药在矿物表面疏水产物的生成,是鞣酸能够强烈抑制黄铁矿及方铅矿浮选的原因.     

Effect of reverse flotation on magnetic separation concentrates

Reverse flotation studies on magnetite samples have revealed that the use of starch as a depressant of Fe-oxides has a hydrophilic effect on the surface of Fe-bearing silicates and significantly decreases Fe in the silica-rich stream when used in combination with an amine (Lilaflot D817M). In this study, the effect of reverse flotation on the optimization of products obtained from magnetic separation was investigated. Two different magnetic samples, zones 1 and 2, were milled to <75 μm and then subjected to low intensity magnetic separation (LIMS). The LIMS test conducted on the <75 μm shown an upgrade of 46.40wt% Fe, 28.40wt% SiO₂ and 2.61wt% MnO for zone 1 and 47.60wt% Fe, 29.17wt% SiO₂ and 0.50wt% MnO for zone 2. Further milling of the ore to <25 μm resulted in a higher magnetic-rich product after magnetic separation. Reverse flotation tests were conducted on the agitated magnetic concentrate feed, and the result shows a significant upgrade of Fe compared to that obtained from the non-agitated feed. Iron concentrations greater than 69%, and SiO₂ concentrations less than 2% with overall magnetite recoveries greater than 67% and 71% were obtained for zones 1 and 2, respectively.     

六偏磷酸钠在铝土矿浮选中的作用

通过浮选试验、吸附量测试、动电位测试,研究了六偏磷酸钠对一水硬铝石和高岭石2种矿物浮选行为的影响以及其作用机理.结果表明六偏磷酸钠对这2种矿物均有抑制作用,当捕收剂用量增大时,被六偏磷酸钠抑制的一水硬铝石的可浮性逐渐变好,而高岭石则变化不大．其主要原因在于六偏磷酸钠与捕收剂油酸钠在这2种矿物表面存在竞争吸附,而油酸钠在一水硬铝石表面的吸附能力强于在高岭石表面的吸附,使得在一定捕收剂用量下,六偏磷酸钠抑制高岭石的上浮而不抑制一水硬铝石,这为2种矿物的浮选分离提供了依据;此外,六偏磷酸钠对矿物表面的动电位影响较大,增大了矿物之间的静电排斥力,有利于矿泥的分散,增强了浮选分离的选择性．     

Slime coating of kaolinite on chalcopyrite in saline water flotation

In saline water flotation, the salinity can cause a distinguishable slime coating of clay minerals on chalcopyrite particles through its effect on their electrical double layers in aqueous solutions. In this work, kaolinite was used as a representative clay mineral for studying slime coating during chalcopyrite flotation. The flotation of chalcopyrite in the presence and absence of kaolinite in tap water, seawater, and gypsum-saturated water and the stability of chalcopyrite and kaolinite particles in slurries are presented. Zeta-potential distributions and scanning electron microscopy images were used to characterize and explain the different slime coating degrees and the different flotation performances. Kaolinite particles induced slime coating on chalcopyrite surfaces and reduced chalcopyrite floatability to the greatest extent when the pH value was in the alkaline range. At 0.24wt% of kaolinite, the chalcopyrite floatability was depressed by more than 10% at alkaline pH levels in tap water. Salinity in seawater and gypsum-saturated water compressed the electrical double layers and resulted in extensive slime coating.