安徽东至早奥陶世红花园组生物礁:奥陶纪生物大辐射前的微生物礁

通过对安徽东至建新剖面红花园组的生物礁、微生物岩进行研究,发现蓝绿菌类Girvanella在生物礁中大量分布,是生物礁的主要造礁成分.其他造礁生物包括瓶筐虫、石海绵、腹足类、腕足类、棘皮类等.Girvanella以散乱分布、包壳、组成内碎屑以及与海绵伴生等4种方式在本区生物礁中存在,并且在生物礁成礁过程中以生物本体矿化作用及粘结、捕获颗粒的作用形成生物礁格架;瓶筐虫及石海绵为生物礁中的居住者,因此,生物礁性质为瓶筐虫/石海绵-微生物礁,微生物起到了主要的造礁作用.此外红花园组典型含生物礁沉积序列是由底部的生屑灰岩基底、中部的海绵层(少量微生物岩)及顶部的微生物岩组成的.通过与其他地区同时代生物礁的对比发现,东至建新剖面红花园组中瓶筐虫/石海绵-微生物礁的发育及微生物的繁盛是全球性的,是由于底栖生物扰动对潮下带微生物发育影响尚未彰显造成的.     

安徽东至早奥陶世红花园组生物礁:奥陶纪生物大辐射前的微生物礁

通过对安徽东至建新剖面红花园组的生物礁、微生物岩进行研究,发现蓝绿菌类Girvanella在生物礁中大量分布,是生物礁的主要造礁成分。其他造礁生物包括瓶筐虫、石海绵、腹足类、腕足类、棘皮类等。Girvanella以散乱分布、包壳、组成内碎屑以及与海绵伴生等4种方式在本区生物礁中存在,并且在生物礁成礁过程中以生物本体矿化作用及粘结、捕获颗粒的作用形成生物礁格架;瓶筐虫及石海绵为生物礁中的居住者,因此,生物礁性质为瓶筐虫/石海绵-微生物礁,微生物起到了主要的造礁作用。此外红花园组典型含生物礁沉积序列是由底部的生屑灰岩基底、中部的海绵层(少量微生物岩)及顶部的微生物岩组成的。通过与其他地区同时代生物礁的对比发现,东至建新剖面红花园组中瓶筐虫/石海绵-微生物礁的发育及微生物的繁盛是全球性的,是由于底栖生物扰动对潮下带微生物发育影响尚未彰显造成的。     

地球生命过程中的一个新概念—奥陶纪生物大辐射

奥陶纪生物大辐射是古生代演化动物群宏演化进程中的第一次辐射,也是古生代演化动物群形成及早期演化过程中最重要的事件.大辐射历经4千余万年,包括长期的、渐变的过程和数次高潮(多样性峰值).华南实例分析显示,大辐射不仅表现为分类单元多样性的快速增加,还表现为群落生态多样性的高度复杂化,特定动物群的形成和快速分异,以及对寒武纪动物群延续分子的替换.大辐射的差异性普遍存在,是辐射的重要特征之一.     

氧化还原因子-1的原核表达纯化及其活性鉴定

为建立氧化还原因子-1(Ref-1)的原核表达系统,将经过酶切后的人源Ref-1编码片段定向克隆到pGEX-4T-3载体上,构建了pGEX-4T-3/Ref-1原核表达载体,重组质粒转化至BL21(DE3)工程菌,异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导重组工程菌表达可溶性融合蛋白,谷胱甘肽琼脂糖凝胶4B(Glutathione Sepha-rose 4B)亲和纯化重组蛋白,透析后用聚乙二醇8000(PEG8000)浓缩,获得纯度达92%的融合蛋白,产率为3.7 mg/L,融合蛋白占菌体总蛋白的6.8%.蛋白质印迹(Western blot)显示该蛋白可以被抗体特异性识别,证实其为GST-Ref-1融合蛋白.GST-Ref-1蛋白体外增强了激活蛋白-1(AP-1)的DNA结合能力,并能拮抗H2O2造成的AP-1氧化损伤.     

基于还原氧化石墨烯/普鲁士蓝-壳聚糖纳米复合物的高灵敏葡萄糖生物传感器研究

在电沉积制备普鲁士蓝-壳聚糖(PB-CS)膜修饰金电极的基础上,引入新型纳米材料还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD),构建基于RGO/PB-CS纳米复合材料的葡萄糖生物传感器。结果表明,由于RGO独特的物理化学性质以及RGO与PB之间的协同作用,大大提高了此传感器的工作性能。在0.0V工作电位下,该传感器具有较高的灵敏度(65.3μA·(mmol/L)-1·cm-2)和较低的检测限(6μmol/L)。传感器具有较小的表观米氏常数(1.43mmol/L),表明该固定酶对葡萄糖具有较高的亲和力。     

2，4-D对玉米根氧化还原活性的影响及其与根生长和酶活性等的关系

将5mm长的玉米根尖与不同浓度的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)一起保温,在加10^-15mol／L至10^9mol/L浓度范围内,根尖对铁氰化钾的还原活性随2,4-D浓度升高而增加;当2,4-D浓度超过10^8mol／L时,还原活性受到抑制,根尖的生长与铁氰化钾还原速率具有很好的相关性,葡萄糖-6-磷酸(G-6-P)脱氢酶活性与铁氰化钾的还原和细胞内NADPH2心水平相平行,ATP酶活性也与上述变化相一致,在低浓度的2,4-D处理下,介质pH下降,高浓度的2,4-D则使介质碱化,上述结果表明2,4-D对玉米垠氧化还原活性和生长速率有显著影响．它的作用是通过活化质子分泌和它对代谢途径的调节实现的。     

高硫卡林型金精矿中碳质表征及其对生物预氧化提金的影响

为分析金精矿中碳质在生物预氧化提金工艺中的影响,以贵州泥堡高硫卡林型金精矿为原料,以气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了样品中有机碳可能的有机组分;结合拉曼光谱分析了该碳质在微观空间尺度上碳原子的空间排布特征和规律,并讨论了其与劫金性质的关系;结合劫金指数(PRI)测定以及对不同含金溶液的吸附实验,进一步分析其劫金能力和载金能力;最后结合生物预氧化产品炭浆法(CIP)氰化提金实验,分析了该碳质在实际生物预氧化提金工艺中的影响.结果表明:矿样中有机碳组分为干酪根,其裂解气含有多种干酪根母源有机质,不利于氰化;拉曼光谱分析结果与PRI测试结果吻合,均表明矿样中碳质具有高劫金性质;在实际生物预氧化产品CIP氰化提金过程中,采用添加活性炭与劫金碳质竞争吸附,可减少10.14%已溶出的金被劫金碳质吸附,后续金浸出率可达80.17%.     

Pulleniatina Minimum Event during the last deglaciation in the southern South China Sea

The planktonic foraminiferal faunal census of core MD 05-2894 （7°2.25′N, 111°33.11′E, water depth 1982 m）, retrieved from the southern South China Sea （SCS） during the ＂Marco Polo＂ cruise in 2005, was performed to investigate the abundance changes of a subsurface dweller, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata. The results display that the abundance of P. obliquiloculata nearly declines to zero during 16.0--14.9 ka, corresponding to the Heinrich 1 （H1） cold interval. The unexpected decrease of P. obliquiloculata occurs in the adjacent cores, roughly between 17 and 14.8 ka based on the previous studies. Accordingly, the Pulleniatina Minimum Event in the last deglaciation can serve as a good stratigraphical indicator, at least in the southern SCS. To further explore the changes of sea surface temperature （SST） and subsurface seawater temperature （SSST）, we made parallel Mg/Ca measurements on surface dweller Globigerinoides tuber and subsurface dweller P. obliquiloculata tests. Since the last deglaciation, the SSTs show a continuous increasing trend towards the late Holocene, while the warming of the subsurface water is punctuated by a 2℃-cooling interval across the deglacial Pulleniatina Minimum Event. Both increased 5180 differences between G. ruber and P. obliquiloculata, and increased temperature differences between surface and subsurface water suggest a shoaling of the mixed layer during the deglacial Pulleniatina Minimum Event. Therefore, we consider that the significant changes in the upper ocean structure are responsible for the Pulleniatina Minimum Event during the last deglaciation in the southern SCS.     

华南早石炭世亚鳞木属（Sublepidodendron）植物研究及其分类学意义

描述了湖北省长阳县资丘镇淋湘溪剖面下石炭统高骊山组的两种亚鳞木属（Sublepidodendron）植物--奇异亚鳞木（S.mirabile）和松滋亚鳞木（S.songziense）以及相关的生殖器官和根器官。重新认识了这两个种的叶座形态,进一步确认了亚鳞木属的整体植物性状。详细比较了奇异亚鳞木、松滋亚鳞木和葛利普亚鳞木的生物学特征,讨论了我国亚鳞木属的分类,并提出了新的归并方案。     

华南早石炭世亚鳞木属(Sublepidodendron)植物研究及其分类学意义

描述了湖北省长阳县资丘镇淋湘溪剖面下石炭统高骊山组的两种亚鳞木属(Sublepidodendron)植物——奇异亚鳞木(S.mirabile)和松滋亚鳞木(S.songziense)以及相关的生殖器官和根器官。重新认识了这两个种的叶座形态,进一步确认了亚鳞木属的整体植物性状。详细比较了奇异亚鳞木、松滋亚鳞木和葛利普亚鳞木的生物学特征,讨论了我国亚鳞木属的分类,并提出了新的归并方案。     

大国因素下的南中国海问题与我国的安全环境

南中国海具有重要的地缘战略地位,随着中国的崛起和美国亚太战略与对华政策的调整以及东盟在南中国海利益诉求的现实需要,这些因素客观上恶化中国东南面的安全环境,在战略层面上加大了解决南中国海问题的难度.     

江西玉山Etagraptus approximatus笔石带疑源类化石的发现及其意义

首次报道发现于江西玉山Etagraptus approximatus笔石带的疑源类化石，计12属23种，其中包括3个未定种，含量最高的3属是Stelliferidium、Polygonium、Micrhystridium，占总含量的77．4％，此外，Multiplicisphaeridium、Caldariola、Baltispharidium、Pteinosphaeridium也较常见，一定程度上反映了阿伦尼格期早期疑源类组合面貌。     

南水北调中线工程水源地丹江口水库生物监测试点研究

为掌握南水北调中线工程丹江口水库河南库区2012年度富营养化污染状况以及浮游生物群落的分布特征,按照生物监测试点要求,分别对库区3个有代表性的监测点位进行了12次水质监测和2次浮游生物的调查研究,结果表明:丹江口水库河南辖区水质为寡污-中污染状态,丹江库中心呈中营养状态,丹江和老灌河入库口水质呈轻度富营养化状态,主要污染因子为总氮;浮游生物以硅藻、绿藻、蓝藻等藻类及原生动物、轮虫和枝角类等水生动物为主.本研究为生物监测试点工作的开展积累了一定经验,为丹江口水库水质保护提供了科学依据.     

On the genetic classification and tectonic implications of the Early Yanshanian granitoids in the Nanling Range, South China

Early Yanshanian (Jurassic) granitoids are widespread in the Nanling Range of South China, and are associated with numerous non-ferrous and rare metal mineral deposits. These granitoids consist mainly of slightly peraluminous biotite monzogranites and K-feldspar granites that are closely associated in time and space with subordinate amphibole-bearing granites and muscoviteand garnet-bearing granites. In most previous studies, the biotite-bearing granites were classified as crustal transformation-type (corresponding to the S-type) granites which were interpreted to be derived from the regional Paleoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks. In this paper, we re-analyze the geochemical characteristics of a number of representative Early Yanshanian Nanling granitoids. There exists a clear negative correlation between SiO2 and P2O5 for the studied granitoids. The Early Yanshanian Nanling granitoid suites (including amphibole-bearing granodiorites→biotite monzogranites→K-feldspar granites→two-mica (muscovite) granites) are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous I-type or fractionated I-type granites. They were derived predominantly from Proterozoic igneous protoliths. The juvenile crust and/or newly mantle-derived materials might also have been involved in some of these granites. In addition, the Iand fractionated I-type granites are closely associated in time and space with minor amount of A-type felsic and mafic volcanic and intrusive rocks as well as alkaline rocks. All these rocks constitute a typical assemblage of anorogenic, intraplate magmatism, suggesting a dominant lithospheric extensional regime for the Nanling Range and neighboring region during the Early Yanshanian period.     

Authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in sediments of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea and their implications for methane flux and gas hydrate formation

This is a report of the study of the authigenic sulfide minerals and their sulfur isotopes in a sediment core (NH-1) collected on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, where other geo-physical and geochemical evidence seems to suggest gas hydrate formation in the sediments. The study has led to the findings: (1) the pyrite content in sediments was relatively high and its grain size relatively large compared with that in normal pelagic or hemipelagic sediments; (2) the shallowest depth of the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) content maximum was at 437.5 cm (>2 μmol/g), which was deeper than that of the authigenic pyrite content maximum (at 141.5-380.5 cm); (3) δ 34S of authigenic pyrite was positive (maximum: 15‰) at depth interval of 250-380 cm; (4) the positive δ 34S coincided with pyrite enrichment. Compared with the results obtained from the Black Sea sediments by Jorgen-sen and coworkers, these observations indicated that at the NH-1 site, the depth of the sulfate-methane interface (SMI) would be or once was at about 437.5-547.5 cm and the relatively shallow SMI depth suggested high upward methane fluxes. This was in good agreement with the results obtained from pore water sulfate gradients and core head-space methane concentrations in sediment cores collected in the area. All available evidence suggested that methane gas hydrate formation may exist or may have existed in the underlying sediments.     

唐初统治集团的重农思想表现及其发展农业的措施

以李渊、李世民父子为首的唐初统治集团的重农思想主要表现在：“抚民以静”的无为而治思想,“民为邦本”的民本思想,“农为邦本”的“农本思想,和“偃武修”、“去奢从约”的思想。在这些重农思想的指导下,唐初统治集团在发展农业方面采取了栽汰冗员,择善任人;推行均田制,奖励垦荒;实行租庸调法;增殖人口,解决劳动力严重不足问题;兴修水利,防治水旱灾害等一系列开明、进步的措施。从而为以后的社会发展奠定了基础。     

Nd isotopic variations and its implications in the recent sediments from the northern South China Sea

The chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns in recent sediments from the northern South China Sea and surrounding areas are similar, with the HREE values being almost equal to or slightly higher, and the La_N/Lu_N ratio being lower, than PAAS standards. However, samples from the Xijiang River, a major branch of the Pearl River system, show opposite trends, i.e., with slightly lower HREE values and higher La_N/Lu_N ratio than PAAS. The distribution of Nd isotopes in sediments from the northern South China Sea was controlled by the Pearl River and the inshore area of South China, respectively. The volume of ε_Nd(0) from inshore areas of southern China is apparently higher than that from the Pearl River, and ε_Nd(0) values in offshore sediments and Taiwan Island are between these values. The results clearly show that ε_Nd(0) volume in the northeastern South China Sea is higher than in the southwest part of the northern South China Sea, indicating different source rock types. The main source rock of the Pearl River sediment is carbonate types and affects sediment deposition in the southwest of the northern South China Sea, while the source rock in the inshore area of southern China, mainly Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites, contributes to sediments in the northeastern area of the northern South China Sea. Due to different source rock types, the HREE values and the volume of ε_Nd(0) in recent sediments supplied by the inshore area of southern China are higher than those from the Pearl River. Over 80% of the rapidly accumulated sediments on the northern slope of the South China Sea in the southeast of Dongsha Islands area were derived from Taiwan Island and from inshore areas of South China, with only less than 20% from the Pearl River. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40276019, 40238060 and 40621063), and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB819501)