数量弹性契约下考虑采购折扣的供应商数量优化问题

针对企业所面临的供应中断风险和市场需求风险,以及考虑企业采购中涉及的采购折扣问题,通过引入数量弹性契约,以考察企业在选择供应商数量时的风险成本和采购成本,并分析了由交易成本、风险成本、采购成本构成的企业总成本与供应商数量的关系.在此基础上,建立数量弹性契约下考虑采购折扣的供应商数量优化模型,并对数量弹性契约应用于供应商数量优化问题时的可行性进行证明.最后,通过算例验证了其有效性,并探讨了弹性系数和折扣系数对最优供应商数量的影响.     

基于产品生命周期的企业碳财务风险管理研究

企业转向低碳生产方式所面临的一系列碳约束给企业的财务活动提出了挑战,产生了一种新的风险———碳财务风险。防范和化解这种碳财务风险对于企业碳减排活动的有效实施具有重要的现实意义。为此,文章以产品这个主要排放源为核心,从产品生命周期的视角,分析企业产品设计、材料采购、生产、使用和废弃过程中产生碳财务风险的原因,然后据此构建一个由温室气体减排战略、可更新资源和清洁能源组合、低碳技术投资、多层次融资体系所组成的综合碳财务风险管理体系以规避碳财务风险。     

论中小企业财务风险及其防范

随着经济体制改革的深化,企业都面临着残酷的市场竞争.企业必须重视财务风险和问题,为了在竞争中生存.财务风险客观存在企业的生产活动中,对企业能否赚钱起着决定性的作用.因此,对类似问题,怎么样防范金融风险避免企业受到损失是管理部门应该研究的问题.在本文中,从业务活动和财务定义的整个过程对财务本质,风险存在于人类生产价值运动的过程和处理生产关系中.在风险投资决策的原则中,最重要的是敢于风险投资,以获取利润,但也要避免盲目乐观和冒险主义,如果可能的话,尽可能避免或减少风险,杠杆投资组合优化利润和风险,或让谨慎性原则在作为指导思想.     

企业招标采购过程中的风险识别与对策

本文通过对企业在招标采购过程中存在的招标管理、合同欺诈、采购价格、采购质量、供应商选择等方面的风险进行分析与探讨,并结合风险内容提出解决措施,从而增强企业抵御招标风险的能力。     

董事会特征对企业财务风险影响的实证研究

财务风险是企业生产经营过程中随时可能出现的问题,规避与降低财务风险是企业永恒的主题.面对影响财务风险的众多因素,利用Z值模型来衡量企业财务风险.根据2017-2019年中国深圳主板A股上市公司数据,选取6个董事会特征,通过建立多元线性回归模型,实证检验了董事会特征对企业财务风险的影响.研究表明,董事会规模、董事长兼任总...     

国有企业财务风险的控制与防范措施

财务风险是指因各种原因使企业不能实现预期财务收益从而产生损失的可能性,它是企业日常管理工作中不可忽视的问题.由于竞争的加剧,企业面临的财务风险也越来越复杂.经营管理者如何通过分析财务风险的产生原因,增强企业抵御风险和防范风险的能力,并提高企业的市场的竞争力,对现代企业来说显得尤为重要.在市场经济活动中,企业难免存在财务风险,关键是如何找出财务风险的产生原因,提高企业的市场竞争力.这样企业才可能处于不败之地.     

高校内部财务控制的重点内容设计

高校内部财务控制在实施过程中存在许多值得关注的问题,如何在现行复杂多变的经济环境中设计出一套科学合理有效的内部财务控制体系,事关高校改革与发展.本文从货币资金、筹资与对外投资、采购与付款、工程项目、预算外收入、经费支出以及科研经费管理等方面作了比较深入的探讨,以期对我国高校内部财务控制设计有所帮助.     

企业并购财务风险的成因分析及其防范

企业并购必然面临资金运作引起的财务风险.并购定价、融资方式和偿债能力是决定企业并购财务风险的主要方面.本文重点分析了并购财务风险的构成与成因,探讨了对并购财务风险的防范与控制措施.     

刍议电力企业财务风险管理

财务管理是企业管理的核心，而控制财务风险又是财务管理的重点。随着电力体制改革的深化，电力行业行政职能的弱化、剥离和企业职能的凸显，加强对财务风险的研究，必将有益于企业的健康可持续发展。本文拟结合电力企业风险管理的过程和工具对面临的财务风险防范和控制进行分析，提出了控制财务风险进行风险管理过程中应注意问题。     

企业财务风险成因及防范措施

随着市场竞争日趋激烈,企业在经营过程中随时会遇到各种风险。如果企业对财务风险未有足够的重视,没有有效开展对财务风险的研究与防范,就会使企业蒙受经济损失。在市场经济条件下,财务风险是客观存在的,要完全消除风险及其影响是不现实的。因此对中国企业财务风险的现状、成因及其防范措施进行探讨,以期降低风险、提高效益就显得具有十分重要的意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that