沉淀法制备介孔二氧化铈

以硫酸高铈、二乙烯三胺为原料,氨水做沉淀剂,合成了具有立方萤石晶相结构的介孔二氧化铈(CeO2),讨论了反应物配比、反应温度、氨水的加入量等实验条件对介孔CeO2比表面积的影响.通过X射线衍射、BET孔径性能测试等分析手段对产物进行了表征,实验结果表明:在硫酸高铈与二乙烯三胺的摩尔比为1∶2,反应温度为80℃,陈化时间为12 h的条件下,制得了比表面积为157 m2/g的介孔CeO2.     

竹叶中黄酮提取纯化工艺研究

采用正交试验的方法对竹叶中黄酮的乙醇提取条件进行了系统研究,同时采用大孔吸附树脂吸附法对纯化条件进行了研究.结果表明:以30倍体积80%的乙醇水溶液在80℃水浴中浸提3 h为最佳,4种大孔吸附树脂中AB-8树脂为纯化的最适树脂.     

负载型磷钨酸催化剂在癸二酸二辛酯合成中的应用

将介孔材料SBA-15与磷钨酸溶液在80℃水浴条件下蒸发浓缩制备负载型磷钨酸催化剂HPW-SBA-15作为合成癸二酸二辛酯的催化剂,并分析其酸催化性能及磷钨酸的负载量、温度、反应时间、酸醇比等因素对合成癸二酸二辛酯的影响.结果表明,在催化合成癸二酸二辛酯时,最佳反应条件为:磷钨酸负载量为50%,反应时间为2.5h,n(癸二酸)∶n(异辛醇)=1∶3.此时,酯化率最高为95.47%.     

生物模板剂合成介孔氧化铈及其催化性能

以无污染简单易得的天然材料壳聚糖为模板剂合成介孔氧化铈材料,并研究了材料的结构和催化性能.介孔Ce02的孔道结构由直径为5-8 nm的颗粒堆积形成,孔道孔径分布较为均匀,集中在5-10 nm,材料的比表面积约为102 m^2·g^-1.与氧化铈参比样相比,介孔氧化铈具有更好的氧化能力和催化活性,因为材料高比表面积导致了更多活性位点的暴露和表面活性氧的增多.介孔氧化铈的%T50转化率为50％时的温度点）约为300℃,远低于亚微米参比样的430℃.     

无机硬模板HMS制备介孔碳工艺

以硅基介孔材料HMS(hexagonal mesoporous silica)为硬模板,以蔗糖为碳源,通过在N2气氛下高温碳化蔗糖,并利用氢氟酸除去模板制成介孔碳.分析了蔗糖填充方法、碳化温度和蔗糖与HMS的质量比对产品介孔碳结构的影响,并利用X衍射衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、低温氮吸附-脱附及傅里叶红外(FT-IR)对样品进行了表征.结果表明,将一定量的蔗糖分两步填入HMS介孔中有利于碳源在模板孔道中均匀分布,有助于有序介孔碳的形成;碳化温度对最终产品碳的结构影响显著,适宜的碳化温度为800℃;蔗糖与HMS的质量比也直接影响产品的结构,两者的质量比过高或过低均难以形成介孔碳,最优比例为1.300∶1;所制成的介孔碳具有蠕虫状结构,比表面积可达2433m2/g.     

PEO-表面活性剂辅助醇热或水热合成分级介孔氧化钛材料

在烷基聚乙烯氧化物(PEO)表面活性剂存在下采用水热或醇热方法合成出了介孔氧化钛,并与无模板体系室温溶胶-凝胶制备的介孔氧化钛进行了比较.这些不同方法制备的氧化钛的结构和特性及形成机理都有明显的不同.在酸性水溶液介质中可合成出双结晶(锐钛矿和板钛矿)结构的、热稳定的、介孔氧化钛,而在醇介质中合成出具有内部大孔结构的介孔氧化钛,其中的介孔是无序分布的呈蠕虫状、由锐钛矿相的氧化钛纳米颗粒聚集形成.无模板溶胶-凝胶制备的介孔氧化钛在焙烧后可得到孔分布11.2 nm的不规则介孔洞.对表面活性剂在介孔结构氧化钛合成中的作用进行了讨论.     

介孔TiO_2的合成及光催化性能研究

采用P123为模板剂,TiCl4和钛酸异丙酯为混合钛源,合成了介孔TiO2材料,并用焙烧和乙醇回流的方法进行脱模.用BET、TEM、XRD、TG-DTA等手段对TiO2材料进行了表征,考察了它们对水溶性偶氮染料甲基橙的光催化降解性能.结果表明,高温焙烧脱模的样品能形成介孔结构,且380℃焙烧6 h的样品能晶化为锐钛矿相.而乙醇回流48 h脱模的样品,模板剂脱除不彻底,且没有锐钛矿相和介孔结构形成.在对甲基橙的光催化降解中,起关键作用的不是催化剂的孔结构特征,而是其晶态.具有锐钛矿相的介孔TiO2有很高的光催化活性,可与市售的P25光催化剂相媲美.     

有序介孔金属氧化物的合成及其光催化性能表征

以钛酸异丙酯[Ti(OCH(CH3)2)4]、正硅酸四乙酯[Si(OC2H5)4,TEOS]、钽酸乙酯[Ta(OC2H5)5]、铌酸乙酯[Nb(OC2H5)5]为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法成功合成了80TiO2.20SiO2和TaNbO5复合介孔分子筛.XRD表征结果表明,新合成样品的介观结构皆具有高的有序度;550℃焙烧去除模板剂后,仍保持良好的有序度.在焙烧过程中80TiO2.20SiO2骨架内有锐钛矿纳米晶粒产生,而TaNbO5仍保持无定形相.在紫外光照射下,介孔80TiO2.20SiO2和TaNbO5对分解H2S气体皆表现出高的光催化活性.介孔80TiO2.20SiO2分解H2S的活性是无孔80TiO2.20SiO2的近16倍.     

低表面活性剂浓度下有序介孔SiO_2的制备及性能

在碱性条件下,采用低浓度阳离子表面活性剂,利用表面活性剂与硅源水解后形成的聚集体相互作用,在溶液中形成分子自组装体,从而形成有序排列的介孔SiO2材料·水热和室温碱性条件下,表面活性剂与硅源的粒子数比为006∶1·由HRTEM分析,小角度XRD分析,TGDTA分析及FTIR分析等研究表明:在较低的表面活性剂浓度下,通过分子自组装体做模板剂,最终反应物经一定工艺处理,可形成六方结构介孔SiO2·水热条件下使分子的作用增强,提高介孔骨架中硅原子的聚集度,由于铝原子的引入取代部分硅原子导致晶格增大,并使有序介孔结构保持完好·介孔SiO2孔道大小3～...     

不同方法合成的ZrMCM -41介孔分子筛的物化性能

以硅酸钠为硅前驱物,硫酸锆为锆源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,分别通过微波辐射法和水热法进行ZrMCM -41介孔分子筛的合成.采用X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、透射电子显微镜和比表面积孔径测定等测试手段对样品进行表征,同时研究了合成的ZrMCM -41介孔分子筛的稳定性.结果表明:采用两种不同方法所合成的样品都具有典型的MCM -41介孔分子筛结构,比表面积分别为891.96和830.35 m2/g,平均孔径为2.56和2.47 nm;所合成的ZrMCM -41介孔分子筛,经750 ℃焙烧3 h或经100 ℃水热处理6 d 后,仍然具有介孔结构,但介孔有序性变差.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-