小鼠Ogg1基因pET28a-mOgg1原核表达系统建立及其生物信息学探讨

将小鼠Ogg1(mOgg1)基因克隆至pET-28a(+)原核表达载体上,分析其相关的生物信息学特性.运用分子克隆的方法,获得重组质粒pET28a-mOgg1;经同源性分析证实与NCBI基因库中mOgg1基因相似度为100%;mOgg1基因可翻译成345个氨基酸序列,翻译后的蛋白不存在N-糖基化位点、跨膜螺旋区域,不含信号肽且无信号肽剪切位点,但含有31个磷酸化位点;运用在线软件对mOgg1蛋白进行结构分析并建立蛋白的3D结构,发现在该蛋白链上含有48%α螺旋、10%β折叠.成功获得了pET28a-mOgg1重组质粒,并对重组蛋白进行Western-blot鉴定,从基因及氨基酸组成上分析该蛋白的特性,由此探讨mOgg1基因及蛋白表达相关的生物信息学特性.     

翘嘴鳜淀粉酶基因SNPs和微卫星位点多态性的检测

本研究主要检测翘嘴鳜淀粉酶(amylase,AMY)基因的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)和微卫星位点多态性.实验采用PCR产物直接测序法(PCR-direct sequencing,PCR-DS)检测翘嘴鳜AMY基因组序列的SNPs和微卫星位点,并使用创造限制酶切位点PCR法(created restriction sites PCR,CRS-PCR)和PCR-DS法对SNPs进行分型,应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测AMY基因微卫星位点的多态性.实验结果发现AMY基因第1内含子有一个SNP位点A1,第5内含子有3个SNPs位点(A2、A3和A4);此外,第5内含子中还存在一个微卫星位点B1,共检测到4个等位基因,有9种单倍型.在翘嘴鳜群体中,4个SNP位点呈中度遗传多样性,而微卫星位点表现出高度遗传多样性.     

翘嘴鳜线粒体基因组全序列的克隆与特征分析

通过直接测序的方法获得翘嘴鳜线粒体DNA基因组全序列(GenBank:JF972568).翘嘴鳜线粒体基因组全长为16 496 bp,其包含13个编码蛋白基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个Control region区域.整个翘嘴鳜线粒体DNA利用率非常高,仅仅只有32 bp的基因间隔和35 bp的基因重...     

翘嘴红鲌热休克蛋白60的基因克隆及其表达特征分析（英文）

利用同源克隆和RACE技术克隆了翘嘴红鲌热休克蛋白HSP60 cDNA全长序列,并对HSP60基因的序列特征进行了分析。EiHSP60 cDNA序列长2 323 bp,开放阅读框为1 728 bp,编码575个氨基酸,其编码蛋白相对分子量为61.26 k D,等电点为5.27。BLAST分析结果表明EiHSP60与哺乳动物、鸟和鱼类等物种的CCT具有较高的同源性。生物信息学分析结果显示,EiHSP60蛋白序列中包含1个典型的分子伴侣蛋白60信号基序。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示,EiHSP60在翘嘴红鲌各个组织中均有表达,但在肝脏中的表达量为最高。使用脂多糖对翘嘴红鲌进行攻毒后,在不同时间段取其肝脏总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术进行EiHSP60 m RNA的表达水平分析。分析结果显示,经过脂多糖攻毒后翘嘴红鲌HSP60呈现时间依赖型的表达模式,且在肝脏中的表达水平呈现上调趋势。上述结果表明,EiHSP60为一种涉及免疫反应的诱导型蛋白,而高表达量的EiHSP60可能在提高翘嘴红鲌免疫反应过程中发挥重要作用。     

鳜干扰素刺激基因Viperin微卫星标记筛选及遗传变异分析

研究采用生物信息学技术在鳜干扰素刺激基因Viperin(Virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible)序列中发现了2个微卫星序列,通过设计2对微卫星引物,对翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)、斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri)和大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)基因组进行PCR扩增分析其多态性.结果表明:Viperin基因微卫星多态性在3物种高低顺序依次为斑鳜,翘嘴鳜和大眼鳜,多态信息含量(PIC)在0.2394-0.8043之间,平均多态信息含量为0.5247,属于高度多态性位点.因此,本研究的2对引物可作为鳜3物种遗传分析的微卫星标记.     

翘嘴鳜USP7基因cDNA的克隆及饥饿对其表达影响分析

为探讨饥饿对翘嘴鳜肝脏USP7基因表达的影响,本文应用实时荧光定量PCR、3′-RACE和5′-RACE技术,从翘嘴鳜肝脏组织中克隆得到了USP7基因的全长cDNA序列(登录号:MF000683)为4 319bp。生物信息学分析表明:翘嘴鳜USP7基因编码区全长为3 336bp,共编码个1 111氨基酸,其中180个带负电荷,137个带正电荷。翘嘴鳜USP7在饥饿中的表达分析表明,肝脏USP7基因在不同饥饿时间的相对表达量呈现一个峰值变化,在饥饿4d时出现显著的上升且到达最高值;在饥饿7d时又逐渐下降,最终达到初始水平(P0.05)。本文结果发现饥饿后肝脏中USP7表达量的变化可能与翘嘴鳜的生长和健康状况密切相关,为鳜鱼的生产养殖提供一定的理论依据。     

重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂缺失变体基因的克隆及工程菌的构建与鉴定

利用RT-PCR技术,从人脐带静脉上皮细胞中克隆人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂基因,将其接入TA克隆载体PCR2．1中,经DNA序列测定后,以该重组质粒DNA为模板,用PCR方法获得了人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂缺失变体(K2tPA)基因,将其转入pET29a,构建了重组表达质粒pET29a／K2tPA,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,构成工程菌．经IPTG诱导表达,在40kDa处有一明显表达条带,表达量为约占菌体总蛋白的20％．该菌种在贮存与复苏及传代过程中具有良好的质粒稳定性和表达稳定性．     

羊生长激素在大肠杆菌中的表达及分泌初探

利用PCR方法,将羊生长激素(oGH)成熟蛋白编码序列扩增,再将扩增产物接入分泌型表达载体pET12a(SalI位点)中,利用宿主菌自身的OmpT信号肽引导羊生长激素在E.coliBL21(DE3)中分泌,获得正向插入重组质粒pET12-oGH8,对重组子及对照菌进行诱导表达,薄层色谱扫描(SDS-PAGE)检测结果发现,oGH在OmpT信号肽引导下未见明显分泌,推测oGH自身的氨基酸序列可能是影响其在E.coli中分泌的因素     

Abd-Bcr/Abl原核表达载体的构建和表达

构建Bcr/Abl-Abd原核表达载体,并表达、观察对白血病细胞K562的影响.以慢性白血病PGD210质粒为模板,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增出Abd编码区序列,克隆入pMD18t载体,经酶切测序鉴定正确.再通过酶切重组克隆入原核表达载体pET32a,构建pET32a-Abd重组表达质粒,经酶切、测序鉴定,序列、读码框均正确.通过转化E.coli BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,纯化.结果PCR扩增出特异性的501bp的目的片断,以此构建的重组质粒pET32a-Abd能够在上清中表达约36.6 kd的目的蛋白,Westem blot鉴定为特异表达.证明成功构建了原核表达载体pE732a-Abd,并表达在上清中,表达蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的6%,纯化后达到74.3%,Westem blot检测为特异性表达,为进一步研究该蛋白对慢性白血病细胞的作用奠定了分子基础.     

Salsolinol合成酶的克隆和表达

 Salsolinol 合成酶是一种催化多巴胺和乙醛生成Salsolinol 的酶,与帕金森病发病机制密切相关。研究发现Salsolinol 合成酶与泛素的氨基酸序列高度相似,只有4 个氨基酸位点有差异。本研究以泛素基因为模板,采用聚合酶链式反应技术对4 个位点进行定点突变,将突变基因片段克隆到载体pET30a-GST 上,构建pET30a-GST-Sal synthase 重组载体,转化BL21 后,IPTG 诱导重组菌表达融合蛋白,经亲和层析柱纯化。结果表明,实现目的位点的定点突变,获得Sal 合成酶基因,成功构建了GST-Sal synthase 原核表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中表达纯化后得到较高纯度的GST-Sal synthase 融合蛋白。     

尼罗罗非鱼Hepcidin基因结构与序列分析

Hepcidins是一类具有调节铁代谢功能的抗菌肽.利用RT-PCR、RACE和LA等技术,以尼罗罗非鱼[Oreochro-mis niloticus(Linnaens)]肝脏中分离和克隆到Hepcidin基因.其全长cDNA为505 bp(不包括polyA),5′端非翻译区有85 bp,3′非编码区为156 bp,阅读框为264 bp.其编码的氨基酸包括信号肽和前体肽等,前体肽进一步酶解产生22个氨基酸的活性肽,该活性肽具有Hepcidin基因家族特有8个半胱氨酸的保守序列.罗非鱼的Hepcidin基因结构包含3个外显子和2个内含子.本研究为今后阐明Hepcidin基因表达特性、表达产物理化性质、抗菌活性及其相关功能等奠定基础.     

Lamprey-like gills in a gnathostome-related Devonian jawless vertebrate

So far, the Palaeozoic fossil jawless vertebrates have not provided any direct evidence for the organization of the gills, apart from vague impressions--supposedly left by gill filaments--on the bony surface of the gill chamber in certain armoured forms or 'ostracoderms' (for example, osteostracans and heterostracans). The latter are currently regarded as more closely related to the living jawed vertebrates (crown gnathostomes) than to the living jawless vertebrates (hagfish and lampreys, or cyclostomes). Here we report the first direct evidence for the position of the gill filaments--possibly supported by gill rays--enclosed by gill pouches in a 370-million year (Myr)-old jawless vertebrate, Endeiolepis, from the Late Devonian fossil fish site of Miguasha, Quebec, Canada. This extinct jawless fish has much the same gill organization as living lampreys, although it possesses an unusually large number of gill pouches--a condition unlike that in any extant vertebrates and that raises questions about gill development. Endeiolepis is currently regarded as a close relative of anaspids, a group of 410-430-Myr-old 'ostracoderms'. Assuming that current vertebrate phylogeny is correct, this discovery demonstrates that pouches enclosing the gills are primitive for vertebrates, but have been subsequently lost in jawed vertebrates.     

Sonic hedgehog function in chondrichthyan fins and the evolution of appendage patterning

The genetic mechanisms regulating tetrapod limb development are well characterized, but how they were assembled during evolution and their function in basal vertebrates is poorly understood. Initial studies report that chondrichthyans, the most primitive extant vertebrates with paired appendages, differ from ray-finned fish and tetrapods in having Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-independent patterning of the appendage skeleton. Here we demonstrate that chondrichthyans share patterns of appendage Shh expression, Shh appendage-specific regulatory DNA, and Shh function with ray-finned fish and tetrapods. These studies demonstrate that some aspects of Shh function are deeply conserved in vertebrate phylogeny, but also highlight how the evolution of Shh regulation may underlie major morphological changes during appendage evolution.     

烟碱类农药对水生生物的毒理研究进展

对烟碱类农药在水体中残留情况及对水生生物产生的直接和间接影响的研究进行了综述。重点对水生脊椎类动物(鱼类、两栖类)及非脊椎类动物(蜉蝣、大型蚤)的急性和慢性毒性,及通过生物群落、食物链因素对鱼类种群层面的间接影响研究进行了总结,认为烟碱类农药对于水生脊椎类生物的急性毒性远小于非脊椎类生物,同时在低浓度下其对水生生物具有长期的慢性毒性和影响。通过对已有研究数据的分析,讨论了烟碱类农药在风险评价过程中的间接影响效应,指出通过食物链富集及传递作用,烟碱类农药对于非靶标生物的群落和种群数量具有重要的影响。     

Urea excretion as a strategy for survival in a fish living in a very alkaline environment

Ammonia is toxic to all vertebrates. It can be converted to the less toxic urea, but this is a metabolically expensive process found only in terrestrial vertebrates that cannot readily excrete ammonia and marine fish that use urea as an osmotic filler. Freshwater fish mostly excrete ammonia with only a small quantity of urea. It seems the ornithine cycle for urea production has been suppressed in all freshwater teleosts except for some airbreathers which, when exposed to air, increase urea synthesis via the cycle. Here we show that the tilapia fish Oreochromis alcalicus grahami, the only fish living in Lake Magadi, an alkaline soda lake (pH = 9.6-10) in the Kenyan Rift Valley, excretes exclusively urea and has ornithine-urea cycle enzymes in its liver. A closely related species that lives in water at pH 7.1 lacks these enzymes and excretes mainly ammonia with small amounts of urea produced via uricolysis. It dies within 60 min when placed in water from Lake Magadi. We suggest that urea production via the ornithine-urea cycle permits O. a. grahami to survive the very alkaline conditions in Lake Magadi.     

Animal mimicry: choosing when to be a cleaner-fish mimic

Mimicry in vertebrates is usually a permanent state--mimics resemble and normally accompany their model throughout the life stages during which they act as mimics. Here we show that the bluestriped fangblenny fish (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos), which aggressively attacks other coral-reef fish, can turn off the mimetic colours that disguise it as the benign bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, and assume a radically different appearance. This opportunistic facultative mimicry extends the fangblenny's scope by allowing it to blend into shoals of small reef fish as well as to remain inconspicuous at cleaning stations.     

A perspective on fish gonad manipulation for biotechnical applications

Fish make attractive candidates for conducting stud- ies in gene expression, regulation, function, and genetic modification, since they reach sexual maturity rela- tively quickly, are highly fecund, utilize an external fertilization strategy, develop exte…     

Palaeobiology: calcification of early vertebrate cartilage

Hagfish and lampreys are unusual for modern vertebrates in that they have no jaws and their skeletons are neither calcified nor strengthened by collagen the cartilaginous elements of their endoskeleton are composed of huge, clumped chondrocytes (cartilage cells). We have discovered that the cartilage in a 370-million-year-old jawless fish, Euphanerops longaevus, was extensively calcified, even though its cellular organization was similar to the non-mineralized type found in lampreys. The calcification of this early lamprey-type cartilage differs from that seen in modern jawed vertebrates, and may represent a parallel evolutionary move towards a mineralized endoskeleton.