聚芳醚酮砜无规共聚物的合成与部分性能

以４．４’－二氟二苯酮，４，４’－二氯二苯砜和双酚Ｓ为单体，通过溶液缩聚法合成了聚芳醚酮砜共聚物系列样品，并用ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，ＴＧＡ和动态粘弹谱仪进行表征．结果表明：共聚物是无定形聚合物，其热性能和动态力学性能介于聚醚酮醚砜和聚醚砜之间，共聚物的Ｔ＿ｇ随组成的变化符合Ｆｏｘ方程，酮类组分有利于提高共聚物的耐高温性能。     

亲电聚合路线合成新型含萘环聚芳醚砜醚酮酮的研究

以４,４’－二（β萘氧基）二苯砜,对苯二甲酰氯和间苯二甲酰氯为单体,通过亲电综电聚反应,合成了一系列主链含萘环的新型聚芳醚砜醚酮酮共聚物,并用ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＷＡＸＤ等方法对其进行了分析表征。     

聚芳醚酮的低温缩聚合成

以４－（４＇－二苯氧）苯甲酮（ＤＰＢＰ），对苯二甲酰氯（ＩＰＣ）为单体，采用低温亲电缩聚法合成了一系列分子量较大的聚醚酮醚酮酮（ＰＥＫＥＫＫ），讨论了各种因素对反应的影响．用ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，ＴＧ和ＷＡＸＤ等手段研究了该聚合物的相关性能、其玻璃化转变温度和熔点分别为１６０℃和３８２℃．     

杂环聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮及其共聚物合成与性能研究

以自制的新型类双酚化合物4-（2-甲基-4-羟基苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮（mM-HPPZ)为单体,与4,4′-二氟二苯酮,4,4′-二氯二苯砜进行溶液缩聚反应,合成了一类新型间甲基取代聚芳醚砜（PPES）、聚芳醚酮（PPEK）及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮（PPESK,n(S)/n(K)=1/1)材料,并对其聚合条件作了初步探讨;利用核磁共振、红外光谱分析研究了双酚单体及其聚合物的结构,利用DSC、TGA对聚合物的耐热性能进行了分析。实验结果表明,该类双酚单体具有与双酚类似的活性,可以进行聚合反应,新型间甲基取代聚芳醚玻璃化转变温度高（Tg=520-558K);耐热稳定性好,其在氮气氛下5%热失重温度为693K左右,合成的间甲基取代聚芳醚砜、聚芳醚酮及其共聚物聚芳醚砜酮在氯仿、四氯乙烷、四氢呋喃和酰胺类溶剂中可溶解成膜。     

N-十二烷基丙烯酰胺与4′-丙烯酰胺基苯并-15-冠-5共聚物的合成

报道了Ｎ－十二烷基丙烯酰胺与４′－丙烯酰胺基苯并－１５－冠－５共聚物的合成．探讨了中间体、单体和共聚物合成中的影响因素．开展了对这种共聚物ＬＢ膜的制作研究，获得了Ｙ型ＬＢ膜，考察了亚相中添加各种碱金属离子后π－Ａ曲线的特点．     

甲基、磺酸基取代的9,9'-双吖啶发光剂的合成

合成了１０ ,１０′－ 二甲基－ ９ ,９′－ 双吖啶（ＤＭＢＡ） , ２ ,２′－ 二磺酸基－ ９ ,９′－ 双吖啶二硝酸盐（ＤＳＢＡＤＮ） , １０ ,１０′－ 二甲基－ ２ ,２′－ 二磺酸基－ ９ ,９′－ 双吖啶（ＤＭＤＳＢＡ） ,１０,１０′－ 二甲基－ ９ ,９′－ 双吖啶二硝酸盐（ＤＭＢＡＤＮ） 等４ 种发光剂,其中ＤＳＢＡＤＮ 和ＤＭＤＳＢＡ 是首次报道的新发光剂．     

聚醚醚酮酮－聚醚砜有规嵌段共聚物的合成与部分性能

将氟端基聚醚醚酮酮齐聚物和羟端基聚醚砜齐聚物通过溶液缩聚，合成聚醚醚酮酮－聚醚砜有规嵌段共聚物，并用ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＴＧＡ、ＷＡＸＤ等测试手段进行表征，结果表明：共聚物没有相分离，是组分相容体系。聚醚砜组分含量变化对共聚物的热性能和结晶行为影响很大，对聚醚醚酮酮改性效果明显。     

新的筒状大三环穴醚的合成

由二苯并－１８冠－６与二元酸反应制得的冠醚酮酸１用黄鸣龙法还原成冠醚烷酸２，２经酰氯化生成４′，４″（５″）－双（氯甲酰基亚烷基）二苯并－１８－冠－６（３），再将３与４′，５′－二氨基二苯并－１８－冠－６缩合，制得新的筒状大五三环穴醚４ａ和４ｂ。     

含间苯基及甲基侧基聚芳醚砜醚酮酮的合成与表征

以2,2’-二甲基-4,4’-二苯氧基二苯砜(α—CH3-DPODPS)、对苯二甲酰氯(TPC)和间苯二甲酰氯(IPC)为单体,通过亲电缩聚反应,合成了一系列主链含四面体构型的砜基及其醚键邻位含有甲基的新型聚芳醚砜醚酮酮聚合物．结果表明,该类聚合物具有较高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和良好的耐热性．     

双邻位甲基取代的含间苯基聚芳醚砜醚酮酮/聚醚酮酮三元无规共聚物的合成与表征

以2，2’，6，6’-四甲基-4，4’-二苯氧基二苯砜(o-M2DPODPS)作为第三单体与二苯醚(DPE)、间苯二甲酰氯(IPC)，在无水AlCl3和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的存在下，于1，2-二氯乙烷(DCE)中进行低温溶液缩聚，合成了一系列含有双邻位甲基侧基的聚芳醚砜醚酮酮共聚物，用IR、DSC、WAXD、TGA等方法对其进行了表征．结果表明：随着o-M2DPODPS／DPE比例的不断增加，共聚物的熔融温度逐渐下降，结晶度也随之下降，而玻璃化转变温度升高，具有良好的耐热性能，溶解性能也得到较大的改善．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to