杂多酸催化合成聚氧丙烯甘油醚

采用可溶性固体杂多酸作均相反应催化剂,以及不可溶性固体杂多酸盐作非均相反应催化剂,合成了聚氧丙烯甘油醚。实验结果表明,采用杂多酸作催化剂在中温、常压条件下,就可合成了产率较高的符合工业技术指标的聚氧丙烯甘油醚。用元素分析、IR、1HNMR和羟值的测定确定了产物的组成和分子量,得出最佳合成条件。     

杂多酸催化合成淀粉聚醚多元醇及其反应中间体稳定性及反应活性的量子化学研究

采用可溶性固体杂多酸作均相反应催化剂,两步反应使用一种催化剂,在中温、常压条件下,就合成了产率较高的符合工业技术指标的淀粉聚醚多元醇,而且催化剂能得到95%以上的回收,简化了工艺过程,提高了产品的质量,降低了其成本.用元素分析、IR、1H NMR和羟值的测定确定了产物的组成和分子量,对中试实验进行了初步探索,得出最佳合成条件.同时采用量子化学B3LYP方法在6-31 G(d)基组水平上对反应物模型体系进行几何优化,分析体系的前线分子轨道分布规律、净电荷、以及自由基的稳定性及反应活性特征,揭示接枝共聚反应机理.     

环境友好催化剂催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

综述了固体超强酸、杂多酸、固栽杂多酸、分子筛、树脂、碘、维生素C、硫酸盐、氯化物、高分子栽体氯化物、钒磷氧等20多种不同催化剂催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的方法和反应条件.评述了各类催化剂的催化性能、特点、能否重复使用等内容.结果表明:固体超强酸、固栽杂多酸、分子筛、D61和D72离子交换树脂几种环境友好催化剂是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的优良催化剂.     

杂多酸催化合成淀粉聚醚多元醇及其反应中间体稳定性及反应活性的量子化学研究

采用可溶性固体杂多酸作均相反应催化剂,两步反应使用一种催化剂,在中温、常压条件下,就合成了产率较高的符合工业技术指标的淀粉聚醚多元醇,而且催化剂能得到95％以上的回收,简化了工艺过程,提高了产品的质量,降低了其成本。用元素分析、IR、1H NMR和羟值的测定确定了产物的组成和分子量,对中试实验进行了初步探索,得出最佳合成条件。同时采用量子化学B3LYP方法在6-31+G(d)基组水平上对反应物模型体系进行几何优化,分析体系的前线分子轨道分布规律、净电荷、以及自由基的稳定性及反应活性特征,揭示接枝共聚反应机理。     

含二氧化硅的杂多酸催化合成丙烯酸四氢糠酯

本文利用溶胶－凝胶技术溶于水的杂多酸负载于二氧化硅基质上。实验证，在液相反应体系中，用于合成丙烯酸四氢糖酯比只有杂多酸作催化剂更为有效。     

催化醇酸脱水合成乙酸乙酯的研究进展

乙酸乙酯是一种具有广泛用途的有机化合物,合成乙酸乙酯催化剂的研究对于乙酸乙酯的生产具有重大影响.评述了苯磺酸、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、分子筛、固体超强酸、离子液体、硫酸盐、路易斯酸和杂多酸及其盐等催化剂催化醇酸脱水制备乙酸乙酯的方法,并指出固体超强酸、杂多酸及其盐和离子液体是醇酸脱水制备乙酸乙酯的优良催化剂.     

活性炭固载磷钼钨杂多酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的研究

采用在80~90℃的水浴中蒸发水分的方法,用活性炭对磷钼钨杂多酸进行了固载.并利用所制备的活性炭固载型磷钼钨杂多酸催化剂,探讨了邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的合成反应条件.考察了杂多酸固载化条件、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、带水剂用量对酯化反应的影响.在优化条件下回流反应,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的收率为92.2%,催化剂可重复使用.     

固体磷钨杂多酸催化合成α—萘乙酸甲酯

采用固体磷钨杂多酸为催化剂合成α—萘乙酸甲酯，并对酯化反应的条件进行了研究。结果表明，该方法工艺简便，产率较高，产品易分离，且无腐蚀，无污染。     

合成肉桂酸正丁酯固体酸催化的研究进展

介绍了对甲苯磺酸、甲烷磺酸盐、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、六水三氯化铁、聚氯乙烯三氯化铁树脂、五水四氯化锡、十二水合硫酸铁铵、硫酸镓、硫酸高铈、一水硫酸氢钠、硫酸氢钾、固体超强酸和杂多酸等固体酸催化剂催化合成肉桂酸正丁酯的方法.它们是催化合成肉桂酸正丁酯的良好催化剂.微波辐射是合成肉桂酸正丁酯的良好方法.     

固体酸催化合成水杨酸异戊酯

评述了芳基磺酸、氨基磺酸、阳离子交换树脂、铁系固体酸、一水硫酸氢钠、固体超强酸和杂多酸等催化剂催化合成水杨酸异戊酯的方法．建议对近年来开发的有应用前景的催化剂进行扩大试验与筛选．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that