含B钒微合金钢的连续冷却相变行为

为开发一种新的低成本高性能含B钒微合金钢和建立其TMCP生产工艺,用MMS-200热力模拟试验机研究了实验钢在连续冷却条件下的相变规律,绘制出实验钢的静态CCT曲线和动态CCT曲线.结果表明:微量的B提高了钒微合金钢过冷奥氏体稳定性,促进了针状铁素体形成,在比较宽的冷却速度范围内能得到贝氏体组织;未变形钢相比于变形钢,在更低的冷却速度甚至0.5℃/s的冷却速度下能得到大部分的贝氏体组织,但两者在5℃/s以上的冷却速度下都得到全部贝氏体组织;变形降低了奥氏体稳定性,促进铁素体转变,含硼钢铁素体转变存在的冷速升高到2℃/s,不含硼钢的其冷速升高到15℃/s;钒微合金钢中B有利于获得高强度的贝氏体组织,冷速5℃/s以上时相变后含硼钢的硬度都高于变形及未变形不含硼钢的硬度.     

奥氏体变形对耐候钢相变行为及显微组织的影响

在MMS-100热力模拟实验机上采用热膨胀法结合硬度测试,对耐候钢进行了未变形和变形后的连续冷却的实验研究,建立了未变形和变形奥氏体的CCT曲线.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析研究了冷却速度、变形条件对显微组织的影响.实验结果表明,从未变形到变形的过程,多边形铁素体相变开始温度升高,相变区左移,获得铁素体加珠光体混合组织的临界冷速增大.变形奥氏体的位错缠结抑制贝氏体长大,从而细化转变后的显微组织.     

RPC对800 MPa级低合金高强度钢的影响

利用一种特殊的机械热处理工艺技术,即在控轧终轧后经过一段控制时间与温度的弛豫,使得基体中出现应变诱导析出以及变形奥氏体中缺陷组态重组,在随后的直接淬火或加速冷却过程中, 获得细化的板条贝氏体/马氏体组织.利用该弛豫-析出-控制相变(RPC)技术能得到屈服强度大于800MPa级12mm厚超细贝氏体/马氏体复合组织微合金钢板.     

冷却速度对5Ni钢组织和相变温度的影响

应用Formastor-FⅡ相变膨胀仪测定并研究了5Ni钢的静态CCT曲线,测定了相变临界点A c1与A c3,为制定热处理工艺提供依据.通过万能硬度计及OM,SEM和EPMA分析了冷却速度对5Ni钢硬度、显微组织及微观成分偏析的影响.结果表明:随着冷却速度的增大,试样显微组织由多边形铁素体和珠光体变成贝氏体和马氏体.从CCT曲线上可以看出,淬火热处理时为了避免铁素体和贝氏体相变,临界冷却速度要大于20℃/s;在不同冷速下,Ni元素都存在偏析,这有助于回火时产生逆转奥氏体,进而改善5Ni钢的韧性.     

冷却速度对5Ni钢组织和相变温度的影响

应用Formastor-FⅡ相变膨胀仪测定并研究了5Ni钢的静态CCT曲线,测定了相变临界点Ac1与Ac3,为制定热处理工艺提供依据.通过万能硬度计及OM,SEM和EPMA分析了冷却速度对5Ni钢硬度、显微组织及微观成分偏析的影响.结果表明:随着冷却速度的增大,试样显微组织由多边形铁素体和珠光体变成贝氏体和马氏体.从CCT曲线上可以看出,淬火热处理时为了避免铁素体和贝氏体相变,临界冷却速度要大于20℃/s;在不同冷速下,Ni元素都存在偏析,这有助于回火时产生逆转奥氏体,进而改善5Ni钢的韧性.     

奥氏体变形及冷却速率对低碳贝氏体组织中大角晶界分布的影响

使用电子背散射衍射技术研究了低C高Mn高Nb成分设计下,非再结晶奥氏体变形及加速冷却速率对低碳贝氏体组织取向差特征和大角晶界分布的影响.结果表明,与原奥氏体晶粒内部的相变组织相比,原奥氏体晶界附近具有更高的大角晶界密度,非再结晶区奥氏体变形及快速冷却都有利于提高共格相变的驱动力、弱化变体选择以及有效增加大角晶界密度.此外,非再结晶区的大变形除了可充分压扁奥氏体晶粒和增加单位面积的奥氏体晶界密度外,还导致奥氏体晶界上细小的非共格转变铁素体晶粒生成,且这些铁素体晶粒与相邻组织表现出大取向差.     

货油舱用耐蚀钢连续冷却的转变规律

在MMS-300热模拟试验机上测得货油舱用耐蚀钢在不同冷速下的连续冷却膨胀曲线,结合金相-硬度法,研究了该耐蚀钢变形和未变形过冷奥氏体冷却过程中的组织演变,建立了连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线.结果表明,动态CCT曲线较静态CCT曲线明显向左上方移动,提高了奥氏体转变的开始温度;随着冷却速度的增大,显微组织由多边形铁素体、珠光体和少量贝氏体逐渐过渡到针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体,最后为板条贝氏体和马氏体.     

高钢级X100管线钢中的M-A岛

通过显微组织分析方法,研究了冷却开始温度及冷却速度对高钢级X100管线钢热模拟试样中M-A岛的体积分数和尺寸的影响.结果表明降低冷却开始温度和提高冷却速度都可以细化组织,导致M-A岛的体积分数降低,使M-A岛由尺寸较大的块状、条状转变成尺寸较小且弥散分布的块状、条状.利用透射电镜观察了热轧后以不同冷却速度冷却所得试样组织中M-A岛的形貌.发现在低的冷却速度下,M-A岛由残余奥氏体、尺寸及取向均不同的马氏体板条组成.在马氏体板条中存在孪晶,证明了碳的扩散,也说明M-A岛中M是孪晶马氏体.在高的冷却速度下,转变为针状、薄膜状的M-A岛弱化了铁素体板条的界面,降低了管线钢的韧性.因此只有控制冷速在一定范围内,才能获得尺寸细小、弥散分布的M-A岛.     

低碳微合金钢在过冷奥氏体亚稳定区的转变

通过对低碳Mo-Cu-Nb-B系微合金钢进行连续冷却和等温实验,发现低碳Mo-Cu-Nb-B系微合金钢在过冷奥氏体亚稳定区等温,能发生针状铁素体转变.非再结晶区变形奥氏体连续冷却时虽然能得到各类低碳贝氏体组织,但各类组织特别是针状铁素体的份额却不能有效控制.通过分阶段冷却,可以控制得到针状铁素体和板条贝氏复相组织.利用针状组织分割原奥氏体晶粒能细化组织,达到优化高强度低碳微合金钢的力学性能目的.     

热变形工艺参数对超低碳贝氏体钢转变行为和显微结构的影响

研究了超低碳贝氏体钢在1200～400℃范围内。用常规轧制工艺(CCR)、再结晶控制轧制(RCR)和动态再结晶控制轧制(DRCR)3种热模拟变形工艺进行变形后再进行连续冷却转变行为．结果发现，3种变形工艺均可细化奥氏体的晶粒，而且细化晶粒程度的变形工艺顺序依次为DRCR、RCR和CCR．此外，奥氏体的转变行为受到CCR、RCR和DRCR工艺的影响．同一冷却速度下，3种不同的变形工艺获得过冷奥氏体发生贝氏体转变的开始温度不同．显微结构观察表明，在试验冷却速度下，用CCR工艺变形。全部获得铁素体且存在少量的化合物；用RCR和DRCR工艺变形，全部获得贝氏体，贝氏体呈板条状，其尺寸随冷速的增大而减小，体积分数随冷速的增大而增加．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has