Influence ofCurvularia infection of the free and bound amino acid composition of orange (Citrus aurantium L.) fruits

Zusammenfassung Der Befall von reifen Orangen (Citrus aurantium) durch den pathogenen PilzCurvularia lunata bewirkt beträchtliche Veränderungen in der Anzahl und Menge der freien und gebundenen Aminosäuren im Gewebe.     

Highly reactive oxygen species: detection, formation, and possible functions

The so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS) are defined as oxygen-containing species that are more reactive than O(2) itself, which include hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Although these are quite stable, they may be converted in the presence of transition metal ions, such as Fe(II), to the highly reactive oxygen species (hROS). hROS may exist as free hydroxyl radicals (HO·), as bound ("crypto") radicals or as Fe(IV)-oxo (ferryl) species and the somewhat less reactive, non-radical species, singlet oxygen. This review outlines the processes by which hROS may be formed, their damaging potential, and the evidence that they might have signaling functions. Since our understanding of the formation and actions of hROS depends on reliable procedures for their detection, particular attention is given to procedures for hROS detection and quantitation and their applicability to in vivo studies.     

Insect photoperiodism: the linden bug,Pyrrhocoris apterus,a species that measures daylength rather than nightlength

Summary Independent variation of the dark and light components of the daily photocycle has shown that the linden bug,Pyrrhocoris apterus, unlike other species, measures daylength rather than nightlength. Greatly extended dark periods coupled with a short photophase (a Nanda-Hamner protocol) shows peaks and troughs of diapause at about 16-h intervals, an extremely short period for a circadian clock. If circadian oscillations are involved in photoperiodic time measurement in this species, a photoinducible phase might lie in the early rather than the late subjective night.27 October 1986     

Homology of L-gulonolactone oxidase of species belonging to Mammalia, Aves, and Amphibia

Immunological cross-reactivity of L-gulonolactone oxidase of different species (rat, chicken, and bullfrog) was tested by the Ouchterlony technique. Antiserum directed against the enzyme from chicken kidney reacted with rat liver enzyme as well as with bullfrog kidney enzyme. This finding suggests that there is, at least partly, sequence homology among the enzyme from species belonging to the three classes, Mammalian, Aves, and Amphibia.     

Peritoneal exudate, with mononucleated cells, during normal pregnancy in different species]

A peritoneal cell rich fluid, containing mononucleated leukocytes, macrophages, monocytes, mast cells and lymphocytes, was observed during normal pregnancy in animals belonging to various species. These cells might be concerned in a homograft-like, mother-foetus, relationship.     

Homology of L-gulonolactone oxidase of species belonging to Mammalia,Aves, and Amphibia

Summary Immunological cross-reactivity of L-gulonolactone oxidase of different species (rat, chicken, and bullfrog) was tested by the Ouchterlony technique. Antiserum directed against the enzyme from chicken kidney reacted with rat liver enzyme as well as with bullfrog kidney enzyme. This finding suggests that there is, at least partly, sequence homology among the enzymes from species belonging to the three classes, Mammalia, Aves, and Amphibia.     

Karyotypes of three species of Caviinae (Rodentia,Caviidae)

Summary Chromosomes ofCavia aperea aperea (2n=64; FN=116Galea spixii (2n=64; FN=118) andKerodon rupestris (2n=52; FN=92) are described with data on banding patterns. Comparisons with karyotypes of others species of Caviinae are taken into consideration.The research was supported by Projeto Integrado de Genética (PIG-CNPq) and Academia Brasileira de Ciências (FINEP-85-I).     

Chromosomes in four species of rodents of the genusCtenomys (Rodentia,Octodontidae) from Argentina

Résumé Les chromosomes de 4 espèces de rongeurs fouisseurs du genreCtenomys de la Province de Tucumán, Argentine, ont été étudiés dans des cellules somatiques de la moelle osseuse. Le nombre diploïde est de 22 chromosomes dansC. occultus, de 28 dansC. tucumanus et de 42 dansC. latro. Un seul individu mâle deC. tucunax a présenté un complément de 2N=61.     

Thymidine-teratogenesis in different species of the genusDrosophila

Zusammenfassung Der Autor hat bereits früher über den teratogenen Effekt von Thymidin beiD. melanogaster berichtet. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit demselben Phänomen bei anderenDrosophila-Arten undMegaselia scalaris (Phoridae). Während der teratogene Effekt beiD. simulans, D. mercatorum undD. funebris der gleiche wie beiD. melanogaster ist, tritt beiD. subobscura andMegaselia scalaris keine teratogene Wirkung auf. Die für die genannten Arten verwendete Thymidinkonzentration erweist sich fürD. hydei als stark toxisch und verhindert die Verpuppung vollkommen. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass verschiedene genetische Systeme sehr unterschiedlich auf ein und dieselbe chemische Substanz reagieren können.

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This work was done in the Institute of Biology of the University of Vienna (Head: Prof. Dr. F.Mainx) and the author is thankful for guidance and laboratory facilities.     

Chromosome complements of three species of Mugilidae (Pisces,Perciformes)

Riassunto Sono stati determinati i numeri diploidi di tre specie di Mugilidi:Mugil cephalus, Liza ramada eChelon labrosus. La morfologia del cariotipo diMugil cephalus mostra 24 coppie di piccoli cromosomi acrocentrici; nel cariotipo diLiza ramada e diChelon labrosus fa invece spicco, tra gli acrocentri, una coppia di subtelocentrici. Il dato cariologico è discusso in rapporto al problema della collocazione sistematica dei Mugilidae ed alla revisione del genereMugil, Linneo.     

The karyotype ofMicrotus cabrerae Thomas,another species with giant sex chromosomes

Summary The karyotype ofMicrotus cabrerae, a species endemic to Spain, is described. It comprises 2n=54 chromosomes, with a fundamental number of 64, and with very large sex chromosomes. An evolutionary relationship between this species andM. chrotorrhinus is suggested.     

The somatic chromosomes of 3 lizard species:Gekko gecko,Iguana iguana,andCrotaphytus collaris

Zusammenfassung Die somatischen Chromosomen der 3 EidechsenartenGekko gecko (2N=38),Iguana iguana (2N=34) undCrotophytus collaris (2N=36), werden dargestellt.G. gecko besitzt metazentrische, subteleozentrische und teleozentrische Elemente, aber keine Mikrochromosomen.I. iguana undC. collaris besitzen Makrochromosomen (6 Paare) und Mikrochromosomen. Bei den ArtenG. gecko undI. iguana waren in keinen von beiden Geschlechtern heteromorphische Chromosomenpaare nach zuweisen.

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Supported by Project No. 417 from the U.S. Children's Bureau and Grant No. 08737 from the National Cancer Institute.     

Genetic basis of moult,wing length,and body weight in a migratory bird species,Sylvia atricapilla

Summary In hand-raised groups of 4 populations of Blackcaps, different patterns of juvenile moult as well as differences in wing length and body weight, adaptive to the various degrees of migratory performance, could be demonstrated. 33 F₁-hybrids which were produced experimentally with 2 of these groups (1 African×1 European) showed an intermediate expression of these adaptations relevant to migration, indicating that these physiological and morphological features are under strong direct genetic control.