Heteroseneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on mineral oxides

Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide （OCS） on mineral oxides including SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, ZnO and TiO2, which are the main components of atmospheric particles, were investigated using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy （in situ DRIFTS）, ion chromatography （IC）, temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） methods. The main products and intermediates of the heterogeneous oxidation of OCS on these oxides were identified with in situ DRIFTS and IC. The reaction mechanism and kinetics were also discussed. It is found that the reaction mechanism on these mineral oxides is the same as that on Al2O3 for the same final products and the intermediates at room temperature. Namely, OCS can be catalytically oxidized to produce surface SO4^2- species and gaseous CO2 through the surface hydrogen thiocarbonate （HSCO2-） and HSO; species. The activity series for heterogeneous oxidation of OCS follows： Al2O3 ≈ CaO 〉 MgO 〉 TiO2 ≈ ZnO 〉 Fe2O3 〉 SiO2. The specific area, basic hydroxyl and surface basicity of these oxides have effect on the reactivity. This study suggests that heterogeneous reactions of OCS on mineral dust may be an unneglectable sink of OCS.     

液相催化氧化净化烟气中SO2和NOx的实验研究

 采用Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺,Zn²⁺,Al³⁺4种金属离子进行了催化氧化SO₂和NO废气的实验.对循环吸收液的酸度、催化剂浓度最佳配比及操作条件的改变等对SO₂和NO催化氧化效率的影响及其变化规律进行了研究.结果表明,当Fe²⁺,Mn²⁺,Zn²⁺,Al³⁺质量分数分别为0.5%,0.2%,0.5%,1.0%,气体流量为0.1 m³/h;循环液流量为6~8 L/h时,SO₂和NO催化氧化效率分别为95%和50%以上.     

白光LED用新型低温玻璃荧光体SiO2YAG:Ce3+的制备及性能研究

 采用溶胶凝胶法制备并研究了白光LED用新型低温玻璃荧光体SiO₂YAG:Ce³⁺的发光性能。X-射线衍射(XRD)图谱分析表明所得荧光体主相为Y₃Al₅O₁₂;扫描电镜照片(SEM)显示其粒径在10 μm左右;双指数拟合后的荧光寿命是10.29和58.89 ns;该玻璃荧光体与蓝光芯片组合成的白光LED器件具有良好的色坐标(0.303,0.319),研究表明SiO₂YAG:Ce³⁺是一种潜在的无环氧树脂的新型白光LED用荧光体。     

Novel photocatalysis oxidation system UV/Fe^2＋/air to degrade 4-CP wastewater

This paper reported the degradation of 4-CP wastewater by a novel photocatalysis oxidation system-- UV/Fe^2＋/air system, in which air was used as a cheap oxidant that reacted with the excitation state of organics to form H2O2 under the UV light. The formed H2O2 reacted with the added ferrous ion to form Fenton reaction and led to the quick degradation of organic pollutants. It was found that 4-CP could be completely removed within 40 min. The degradation of 4-CP in the UV/Fe^2＋/air system was superior to the conventional UV/Fenton system （the initial concentration of H2O2 was 22 mg·L^-1）. UV/Fe^2＋/air is an effective and cheap method for treatment of the organics that can be excited by UV light.     

铁酸钙粘结相自身强度的研究

以烧结矿中的铁酸钙粘结相为研究对象,考察了粘结相自身的抗折、抗压强度随粘结相组成的变化规律.实验考察了不同n(CaO)∶n(Fe2O3)(摩尔比)以及MgO,SiO2和Al2O3含量对铁酸钙粘结相的抗折、抗压强度的影响规律.结果表明,n(CaO):n(Fe2O3)=1∶2时,粘结相的抗折、抗压强度最高,添加MgO使粘结相抗折、抗压强度下降,适量的SiO2(w(SiO2)<3%)能提高粘结相的抗折、抗压强度,但随Al2O3含量的增加,粘结相的抗折、抗压强度下降.     

基于层层自组装的{壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管}9/玻碳电极电催化氧化H2 O2

 基于带正电荷的壳聚糖(CHIT)和功能化的带负电荷的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)之间的静电吸附,通过层层自组装的方法制备了均一、 稳定的{CHIT/MWNTs}₉多层膜。组装{CHIT/MWNTs}₉多层膜的玻碳(GC)电极用来研究H₂ O₂的电催化氧化,测定H₂ O₂的线性范围﹑响应时间和检测下限分别为：8×10^-6～1.0×10^-2 mol/L (相关性系数为0.997)﹑2 s 和4×10^-6 mol/L。另外,{CHIT/MWNTs}₉/GC电极具有较好的稳定性能。     

Experimental research and statistical analysis on the dielectric properties of lunar soil simulators

To support the microwave brightness data retrieval of future China space-borne lunar exploration microwave radiometer, based on the collection of plentiful terrestrial basalts and anorthosites and their chemical compositions got by X-ray fluorescence, nine lunar soil simulators were prepared and made respectively into 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 g/cm3 five densities each. We measured their relative dielectric constants over the range of 0.5-20 GHz with open-ended coaxial line model on the HP8722C Network Analyzer and then processed and analyzed the measurement data. This study shows that among the three parameters of density, frequency and composition, density has the strongest effect on the relative dielectric constants, frequency comes second, composition the least. The three parameters account for 45%, 33% and 22% respectively of the changed real part of a relative dielectric constant, and 55%, 27% and 19% respectively of the changed imaginary part. The real parts of the relative dielectric constants are linearly linearly correlated with density or frequency, and the imaginary parts have a linear relation with both approximately over the range of 0.5-10 GHz and tend to be poorly correlated with them in 10-20 GHz. The effect of composition on a relative dielectric constant seems very complicated, both probably do not follow a simple function relation, with the least correlation. Multiple regression analysis indicates that major element oxides SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, TiO2 and AFe are correspondent to a one-order polynomial, and TiO2 or AFe or TiO2 ΔFe has not been proven to be the indicators in the contribution to the relative dielectric constants.     

单层Al2O3膜在SiO2表面的第一性原理计算研究

通过建立的匹配生长超晶胞模型,研究了Al2O3/SiO2纳米异质薄膜的结构特点和电子结构.通过第一性原理计算,并与单一相的Al2O3薄膜表面进行了对比,讨论了相关的结构变化.通过分析原子位置、键长和键角的改变,研究了这种Al2O3单层膜的电子结构和化学成键.     

Structure and 57Fe conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy study of Mn-Zn ferrite nanocrystal thin films by electroless plating in aqueous solution

Mn1-xZnxFe2O4thin films with various Zn contents and of different thickness were synthesized on glass substrates directly by electroless plating in aqueous solution at 90℃ without heat treatment. The Mn-Zn ferrite films have a single spinel phase structure and well-crystallized columnar grains growing per- pendicularly to the substrates. The results of conversion electron ^57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy （CEMS） Indicate that the cation distribution of Mn1-xZnxFe204 ferrite nanocrystal thin films fabricated by electroless plating is different from the bulk materials＇ and a great quantity of Fe^3＋ ions are still present on A sites for x〉0.5. When the Zn content of the films increases, Fe^3＋ ions in the films transfer from A sites to B sites and the hyperfine magnetic field reduces, suggesting that Zn2. has strong chemical affinity towards the A sites. On the other side, with the increase of the thickness of the films, Fe3＋ ions, at B sites in the spinel structure, increase and the array of magnetic moments no longer lies in the thin film plane completely. At x = 0.5, Hc and Ms of Mn1-xZnxFe204thin films show a minimum of 3.7 kA/m and a maximum of 419.6 kA/m, respectively.     

由呋喃制备吡咯的催化剂研究

使用SiO2-Al2O3催化剂,以呋喃和氨水为反应物,通过芳香环上杂原子取代的气固相催化反应制备吡咯.确定了催化剂的最佳制备条件:灼烧温度600℃,Al质量分数10%～25%,反应的pH值2.5～3.2.在催化反应温度(420±1)℃范围内,反应物的摩尔比呋喃∶氨∶水为1∶8∶37,液时空速0.27h-1,该催化剂表现出改善的稳定性和良好的催化活性及反应选择性.     

固体超强酸S2O2-8/Fe2O3-ZrO2-La2O3催化制备生物柴油

用沉淀—浸渍法制备固体超强酸S₂O^2-₈/Fe₂O₃-ZrO₂-La₂O₃催化剂，通过XRD和FTIR对其结构进行表征。将该催化剂用于催化制备生物柴油并考察了反应条件对生物柴油产率的影响。结果表明，当Fe、Zr和La的摩尔比为1∶0.42∶0.075时，催化剂活性最高。其催化制备生物柴油的最佳工艺条件为，催化剂用量为菜籽油质量的2%，醇和油的摩尔比为12∶1，反应温度为220℃，反应时间为10h，产率可达90.3%。催化剂重复使用5次反应时间达50h，产率仍达83%。GC-MS表征表明制得的生物柴油的纯度较高。     

纳米复合铁-硅氧化物的制备、性能及其应用

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米γ-Fe₂O₃及γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂复合氧化物，以透视电镜(TEM)、热重 差热分析(TG-DTA)、Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET)分析和X射线衍射分析(XRD)对纳米粒子进行表征，以CH₄为模型反应，在固定床流动反应器中对复合氧化物进行催化活性评价，并制作了气敏元件。考察了γ-Fe₂O₃及γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂敏感元件对CO和其他还原性气体的灵敏度及焙烧温度对敏感度的影响，得到对CO检测的合适焙烧温度分别为500℃和600℃和最佳操作温度310℃。结果表明，γ-Fe₂O₃/SiO₂纳米复合氧化物中SiO₂对γ-Fe₂O₃的相变温度、加强热稳定性及提高气体灵敏度起到较大的作用。     

低价铝化合物法炼铝的热力学分析

 对低价铝化合物法自铝合金及直接从氧化铝炼铝进行了热力学分析,讨论了真空度对各反应吉布斯自由能的影响.     

PdCl_2-CuCl_2/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂室温催化氧化CO的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列PdCl2-CuCl2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,以CO催化氧化作为目标反应,分别考察了活性组分负载量、反应气浓度及湿度、反应温度对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:水气的存在是该催化反应能够发生的前提;反应温度的变化对催化效能影响较小,而反应气浓度变化对催化性能影响显著;实验条件下负载2%Pd-2%Cu的催化剂效果最好。室温下,该催化剂在相对湿度为50%～60%、体积空速为30000h-1,对2.23×10-4mol/L的CO转化率可达90%以上。     

硅铝摩尔比对MCM-22的酸性及苯与丙烯烷基化催化性能的影响

以六亚甲基亚胺为模板剂,通过动态水热晶化法合成硅铝摩尔比为20～60的分子筛,采用XRD表征其物相结构;并采用NH₃-TPD,吡啶吸附等方法表征其酸性质;利用气-液固反应和液-固反应,比较不同硅铝摩尔比的MCM-22分子筛在苯与丙烯烷基化反应的催化性能。结果表明:当硅铝摩尔比在30～60时,可以合成出比较纯的MCM-22分子筛,且随着硅铝摩尔比的增加,分子筛的B酸量逐渐增加,所表现出的烷基化活性也随之增加。当硅铝摩尔比为40时,目标产物异丙苯的选择性达最高值,副产物二异丙苯和三异丙苯的摩尔分数最低,但正丙苯的摩尔分数却最高,这与催化剂中B酸量及其所占比例有关。     

Activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag and their application to the recycling of Ni-Co-Fe-based end-of-life superalloys via remelting

To design optimal pyrometallurgical processes for nickel and cobalt recycling, and more particularly for the end-of-life process of Ni-Co-Fe-based end-of-life (EoL) superalloys, knowledge of their activity coefficients in slags is essential. In this study, the activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ slag, a candidate slag used for the EoL superalloy remelting process, were measured using gas/slag/metal equilibrium experiments. These activity coefficients were then used to consider the recycling efficiency of nickel and cobalt by remelting EoL superalloys using CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ slag. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ slag both show a positive deviation from Raoult's law, with values that vary from 1 to 5 depending on the change in basicity. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO peak in the slag with a composition near B=(%CaO)/(%SiO₂)=1, where B is the basicity. We observed that controlling the slag composition at approximately B=1 effectively reduces the cobalt and nickel oxidation losses and promotes the oxidation removal of iron during the remelting process of EoL superalloys.     

缺位磷钨杂多阴离子PW11O7-39电催化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

 以Keggin型缺位磷钨杂多阴离子PW₁₁O^7-₃₉(PW₁₁)为电催化剂,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)为模型污染物,详细研究了PW₁₁对DMP降解的电催化作用。实验结果表明,在pH=2.5,E=-0.6 V和60 mL·min^-1O₂流速下,0.05 mmol·L^-1DMP反应120 min的降解率达96%,总有机碳(TOC)去除约34%。DMP的电催化降解服从准一级反应动力学模型,准一级表观速率常数(k obs)与DMP的初始浓度有关, 当DMP的初始浓度为0.05, 0.2 和0.3 mmol·L^-1时,kobs分别为2.9×10^-2, 7.5×10^-3和4.9×10^-3min^-1。     

基于铁矿粉液相流动性的塞拉利昂高铝铁矿配矿研究

以塞拉利昂高铝铁矿粉及其他5种烧结常用铁矿粉为原料,通过添加CaO、SiO2、Al2O3纯试剂改变铁矿粉中三种组分的含量,并分析了其对铁矿粉液相流动性的影响,比较了6类铁矿粉液相流动性对SiO2、Al2O3含量的敏感性差异,研究了混合矿粉液相流动性随塞拉利昂高铝铁矿粉配比的变化并进行了烧结试验。结果表明,随着CaO配比的增加,铁矿粉的液相流动性变好,其中塞拉利昂高铝铁矿粉变化的幅度最大;SiO2含量对塞拉利昂高铝铁矿粉液相流动性的影响较Al2O3含量更为明显;随着塞拉利昂高铝铁矿粉配比增加,混合矿粉的液相液动性指数降低,烧结矿的强度和成品率下降。     

304不锈钢在闭塞区溶液中钝化膜组成和结构性能

采用X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)和交流阻抗法 (EIS)研究了 304不锈钢在闭塞区溶液中钝化膜的组成和性能。研究结果表明：在闭塞区溶液中 304不锈钢表面钝化膜的外层主要为CrO₃、CrCl₃、CrOOH、Fe₂O₃、γ-FeOOH、Fe(OH)₃、CrO^2-₄ 、Cr(OH)₃、NiCl₂ 、FeCl₂ 和FeCl₃；溅射 3min时膜内层主要为Cr₂O₃、CrO₂ 、FeCl₂ 、FeCl₃以及少量的FeO。Cl^-吸附在钝化膜表面，破坏了钝化膜的完整性，改变了钝化膜的结构性能。     

Effect of aluminum oxide on the compressive strength of pellets

Analytical-reagent-grade Al₂O₃ was added to magnetite ore during the process of pelletizing, and the methods of mercury intrusion, scanning electron microscopy, and image processing were used to investigate the effect of Al₂O₃ on the compressive strength of the pellets. The results showed that, as the Al₂O₃ content increased, the compressive strength of the pellets increased slightly and then decreased gradually. When a small amount of Al₂O₃ was added to the pellets, the Al₂O₃ combined with fayalite (2FeO·SiO₂) and the aluminosilicate (2FeO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂) was generated, which releases some iron oxide and reduces the inhibition of fayalite to the solid phase of consolidation. When Al₂O₃ increased sequentially, high melting point of Al₂O₃ particles hinder the oxidation of Fe₃O₄ and the recrystallization of Fe2O3, making the internal porosity of the pellets increase, which leads to the decrease in compressive strength of the pellets.