海洋温差能发电系统新型热力循环理论分析

 海洋温差能发电系统新型热力循环在Kalina循环基础上增加贫氨溶液回热支路和抽气回热支路以提高热力循环效率。应用能量守恒原理和热平衡方程对新型热力循环--国海循环进行理论研究,计算了不同的透平入口蒸汽压力、氨水混合工质浓度、温海水温度和冷海水温度条件下的循环效率。理论计算结果表明,氨水混合工质浓度对国海循环效率影响显著,冷热源温度确定的条件下存在最优的氨水混合工质浓度使得循环效率最高,当温、冷海水温度分别为26、5℃,氨水工质浓度为92%时,系统效率最大达到4.56%;当氨水混合物浓度不变时,循环效率随透平入口蒸汽压力的升高先升高后降低,存在极大值;冷海水入口温度对循环效率影响很明显,而温海水温度对循环效率影响较小。     

Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA

Identification of complementary DNAs encoding the human glucocorticoid receptor predicts two protein forms, of 777 (alpha) and 742 (beta) amino acids, which differ at their carboxy termini. The proteins contain a cysteine/lysine/arginine-rich region which may define the DNA-binding domain. Pure radiolabelled glucocorticoid receptor, synthesized in vitro, is immunoreactive and possesses intrinsic steroid-binding activity characteristic of the native glucocorticoid receptor.     

Domain structure of human glucocorticoid receptor and its relationship to the v-erb-A oncogene product

The interaction of steroids with their nuclear receptors induces a cascade of regulatory events that results from the activation of specific sets of genes by the hormone/receptor complex. Steroids, either acting alone or possibly synergistically with other growth factors, can influence the DNA synthesis and proliferation of specific target cells, initiate developmental pathways and activate expression of the differentiated phenotype. Moreover, steroid hormones have been implicated in abnormal growth regulation both in tumours and tumour-derived cell lines. The identification of complementary DNAs encoding the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) predicts two protein forms (alpha and beta; 777 and 742 amino acids long, respectively) which differ at their carboxy termini. We report here that both forms of the receptor are related, with respect to their domain structure, to the v-erb-A oncogene product of avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV), which suggests that steroid receptor genes and the c-erb-A proto-oncogene are derived from a common primordial regulatory gene. Therefore, oncogenicity by AEV may result, in part, from the inappropriate activity of a truncated steroid receptor or a related regulatory molecule encoded by v-erb-A. This suggests a mechanism by which transacting factors may facilitate transformation. We also identify a short region of hGR that is homologous with the Drosophila homoeotic proteins encoded by Antennapedia and fushi tarazu.     

Steroid-free glucocorticoid receptor binds specifically to mouse mammary tumour virus DNA

Steroid hormones are thought to modulate gene expression through their interaction with receptor proteins. The intracellular localization of unoccupied receptor proteins has been a subject of controversy: free glucocorticoid receptor appears to reside in the cytoplasm and moves to the cell nucleus only after binding the steroid. The purified hormone-bound glucocorticoid receptor has been shown to bind selectively to hormone regulatory elements (HRE) in the vicinity of hormonally-inducible promoters and, in particular, in the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV). We have tackled the question of whether the hormone itself is required for the interaction of the receptor protein with the HRE. Using monoclonal antibodies to the receptor we find that upon heat-activation the steroid-free glucocorticoid receptor present in rat liver cytosol binds specifically in vitro to the HRE of MMTV. No qualitative differences in the DNaseI-footprints were detected when hormone-free receptor was compared to the hormone-receptor complex or even receptor complexed with the hormone antagonist RU486. We conclude that the steroid ligand is not an absolute requirement for generating the conformation of the glucocorticoid receptor that allows its interaction with the HRE in vitro. An alternative function of the hormone in vivo could be to modulate nuclear partitioning of the receptor.     

Crystallographic analysis of the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with DNA

Two crystal structures of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain complexed with DNA are reported. The domain has a globular fold which contains two Zn-nucleated substructures of distinct conformation and function. When it binds DNA, the domain dimerizes, placing the subunits in adjacent major grooves. In one complex, the DNA has the symmetrical consensus target sequence; in the second, the central spacing between the target's half-sites is larger by one base pair. This results in one subunit interacting specifically with the consensus target half-site and the other nonspecifically with a noncognate element. The DNA-induced dimer fixes the separation of the subunits' recognition surfaces so that the spacing between the half-sites becomes a critical feature of the target sequence's identity.     

Molecular cloning of the receptor for human antidiuretic hormone.

Antidiuresis, the recovery of water from the lumen of the renal collecting tubule, is regulated by the hypothalamic release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which binds to specific receptors on renal collecting tubule cells, stimulates adenylyl cyclase and promotes the cyclic AMP-mediated incorporation of water pores into the luminal surface of these cells. We report here the isolation of the human ADH receptor gene using a genomic expression cloning approach. The gene was used to clone the complementary DNA from a human renal library. The deduced amino-acid sequence of the receptor yields a hydropathy profile characteristic of receptors with seven putative transmembrane regions. This and the comparison with other cloned receptors indicates that the ADH receptor is a member of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors.     

The c-erb-A gene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor

The cDNA sequence of human c-erb-A, the cellular counterpart of the viral oncogene v-erb-A, indicates that the protein encoded by the gene is related to the steroid hormone receptors. Binding studies with the protein show it to be a receptor for thyroid hormones.     

减压渣油热转化前后的氮分布

以胜利、孤岛、大庆 3种减压渣油为原料 ,在高压釜反应器中 4 0 5℃、恒温 1h条件下分别进行热转化反应 ,并对原料及热转化后的残渣油 (>5 0 0℃ )进行六组分分离 ,测定了原料、残渣油及其各组分的碱性氮与总氮含量。研究结果表明 ,3种减压渣油中随着组分的加重 ,碱性氮和总氮含量均增大 ,渣油各组分中约有 30 %的氮为碱性氮 ,碱性氮和总氮在渣油胶质、沥青质中含量相差不大。无论是热转化前还是热转化后 ,大多数氮都存在于胶质、沥青质中 ,但热转化后的氮在沥青质中所占比例高于热转化前     

生物质定向热转化研究进展

本文综述了生物质气化制备合成气和液化制备高附加值化学品的国内外研究进展?高活性?高选择性和高稳定性催化剂的研发是实现生物质高效热转化亟待解决的技术难题?气化制备合成气应重点开发能够促进焦油转化和CO/H₂比例调整的催化剂;制备高附加值化学品,催化剂要能够降低生物油中氧含量,提高目的化学品产率,提升生物油品质?     

减压渣油热转化前后的氮分布

以胜利、孤岛、大庆3种减压渣油为原料,在高压釜反应器中405 ℃、恒温1 h条件下分别进行热转化反应,并对原料及热转化后的残渣油(>500 ℃)进行六组分分离,测定了原料、残渣油及其各组分的碱性氮与总氮含量.研究结果表明,3种减压渣油中随着组分的加重,碱性氮和总氮含量均增大,渣油各组分中约有30%的氮为碱性氮,碱性氮和总氮在渣油胶质、沥青质中含量相差不大.无论是热转化前还是热转化后,大多数氮都存在于胶质、沥青质中,但热转化后的氮在沥青质中所占比例高于热转化前.     

太阳能光伏/光热复合集热器能量转换性能的数值模拟

建立太阳能光伏/光热(PV/T)复合集热器的光电与光热耦合能量转换的数值模型,利用TRNSYS软件模拟PV/T集热器的光电、光热转换性能,分析结构参数和运行参数对PV/T集热器的能量转换性能的影响.计算结果表明:减小集热板排管的管间距与管径的比值有利于提高光热与光电转换性能;冷却流体的入口温度对PV/T集热器的性能影响显著,较低的入口流体温度有利于保持更高的光热和光电转换效率.增加冷却流体的入口质量通量可提高光热和光电效率;当入口质量通量增加至6.9 g/(s·m2)时,PV/T集热器的热、电效率分别为66.2％和10.8％,进一步增加入口质量通量对提高光热、光电效率的作用不大.     

基于软件开发的需求开发及需求管理

软件需求是否彻底与成功,直接关系到软件开发的成败问题.本文主要从软件开发过程中的需求开发及需求管理两方面来论述,指出了软件需求开发原则和需求变更的一些对策以及在软件开发过程中的重要作用.     

电位滴定法测定聚酰胺酸固相热环化动力学

针对二步法合成聚酰亚胺的固相热环化过程,采用改进的自动电位滴定法和GPC测定了反应的剩余聚酰胺酸含量及相对分子质量随反应时间及反应温度的变化.结果表明:聚合物平均相对分子质量随热处理时间和温度的增加而逐步增大,相对分子质量分布指数则呈现先增后降的变化趋势.聚合物剩余聚酰胺酸的质量分数随热处理时间增加而逐渐降低,并出现初期的快速和后期的慢速2个阶段.提高热处理温度,则环化速率明显增大,环化程度亦增大.采用两步一级动力学模型关联并得到了2个阶段的热环化动力学参数,快速和慢速阶段的活化能较为接近,而指前因子和过渡熵相差较大.