Cr和Mn元素强化的α钛合金的制备及其组织性能

在前人已经优化评估的Ti-Al-Cr-Mn四元热力学数据库的基础上,设计了一种新型α钛合金Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn,并利用分瓣式水冷铜坩埚成功制得了该合金。该合金在770℃下经轧机轧制成6mm厚的板材,然后于750℃保温90min进行真空退火热处理,出炉后置于空气中冷却。通过组织观察,发现无论是铸锭还是退火后的板材,室温下均为α型钛合金,与设计相符。室温力学性能试验表明,Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn合金的力学性能良好,平均屈服强度为894.9MPa,抗拉强度为926.7MPa,断后延伸率为15.2%。Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn合金与典型的α型钛合金TA15相比,室温强度相当,但塑性更好,成本更低。Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn合金的自腐蚀电位为-0.21V,自腐蚀电流密度为7.7×10-7 A·cm-2,耐腐蚀性能良好。     

1123 K燃气环境中钛铝合金的氧化特征研究

研究了金属间化合物-γTiAl基合金:Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb在1 123 K燃气环境中的高温氧化特征.检测了该合金在上述氧化条件下循环氧化总计1 080 ks(300 h,15次循环)的氧化增重情况,并对其氧化层的组成和结构用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行了分析和观测.研究发现:Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb在1 123 K燃气环境中具有优异的抗氧化能力,经历1 080 ks循环氧化后试样的氧化增重小于0.01 kg.m-2,而且其氧化动力学曲线近似符合抛物线氧化增重规律.对其氧化层结构的分析和检测表明:氧化层完整致密,无剥落现象发生.研究认为,Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb在1 123 K燃气环境中所表现的较强抗氧化能力主要是合金元素Cr和Nb的添加以及外在氧化条件的影响.其中大量合金元素的存在有效地促进了保护性Al2O3氧化层的形成,有利于氧影响层的稳定存在,并阻止了该合金内氧化的发生.     

玻璃成分对TiAI基合金高温氧化防护行为的影响

研究不同成分的玻璃防护Ti-47Al-2Cr-0.2Mo(原子数分数,%)合金在1 200℃时的氧化行为.研究结果表明:在1 200℃时,黏流态的玻璃能很好地包裹在合金的表面,并随着玻璃成分的变化,对合金的保护效果发生明显的变化;当玻璃成分为60SiO2-23Na2O-17CaO(质量分数,%)时,包裹在合金表面的玻璃在1 200℃保温30 min 后大部分脱落,防护效果降低;随着玻璃成分中SiO2质量分数的提高,玻璃脱落的面积逐渐减少;当玻璃成分为80SiO2-11Na2O-9CaO时,合金完全被玻璃包裹,有效地防止了合金被氧化.     

化学配比对TiAl有序合金微观组织和变形特性的影响

本研究用三点弯曲实验测定了铝含量为43at·％～56at·％的Ti-Al二元合金的力学性能;利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜研究了不同成分合金的微观组织和变形亚结构。实验结果表明:根据不同成分合金的微观组织可将其分成三类,即:γ-TiAl单相组织(52at·％～56at·％Al);双态组织(46at·％～50at·％Al)和全片层结构晶粒组织(43at·％～46at·％Al),其中以具有细晶双态组织的合金具有较好的塑性变形能力。本文从微观组织结构和变形位错组态的变化,探讨了合金成分对TiAl基有序合金塑性变形的影响机制。     

淬火温度对Ti2AlNb基钛铝合金组织和热疲劳寿命的影响

研究了淬火温度对Ti-22Al-27Nb粉末烧结合金的组织和热疲劳寿命的影响，结果表明，在试验条件下，热疲劳寿命与O相的形态有关；1100℃热处理状态下的合金，O相最为细小，热疲劳寿命最长。     

Ti-47Al-1.5Cr-0.5Mn-2.8Nb合金高温力学性能应变速率敏感性及机制分析

在温度1123～1273K和应变速率5×10-5～5×10-3s-1范围内,研究了具有复相组织的Ti-47Al-1.5Cr-0.5Mn-2.8Nb合金拉伸性能的应变速率敏感性.发现提高应变速率或降低温度均可使合金的延伸率下降、强度增加,不同温度下拉伸强度与应变速率对数之间存在线性关系;利用热激活理论不仅解释了这一关系,还获得了应变速率方程,指出控制合金拉伸形变的微观机制是原子扩散过程.形变亚结构透射电镜观察证实该微观机制是位错攀移     

多孔Ti-45Nb合金的微观组织与力学性能研究

新型多孔Ti-Nb合金因为具有良好的生物相容性,在硬组织植入材料领域中受到关注。本文利用纯Ti和Nb粉采用粉末烧结法制备多孔Ti-45Nb合金。通过造孔剂NH4HCO3调控多孔钛合金的孔隙度、孔隙尺寸、孔隙形貌、弹性模量和抗压强度。研究结果表明:随着造孔剂含量的增加,多孔Ti-45Nb合金的孔隙度和孔隙尺寸增大,孔隙连通性增加;弹性模量和抗压强度减小。多孔Ti-45Nb合金的孔隙特性和力学性能满足硬组织植入材料的基本要求。     

（ZrNb）2Fe合金相的晶体结构及成分范围

为了研究更低温度下Zr-Nb-Fe三元系中（ZrNb）2Fe相存在的成分范围，熔炼了3个合金样品，其中Fe的含量保持为33．3at．％，Nb的含量分别为5at．％，10at．％和15at．％．经700℃均匀化退火720h后，采用x射线衍射、带能谱的扫描电镜对合金进行物相及成分分析．结果表明700℃时，Nb在（ZrNb）2Fe相中的含量处于5．0at．％-13．79at．％间；文章还给出了（ZrNb）2Fe相的晶体结构数据．     

Ti—12Co—5Al合金高速低温超塑变形

采用合适的冶炼及形变热处理工艺获得了具有x-Ti+Ti_2Co金属间化合物双相超细组织的Ti-12Co-5Al合金板材。该合金呈现出优异的高速低温超塑性,在700℃的较低温度和3×10~(-2)s~(-1)的高应变速率条件下获得了延伸率为1550％的超塑性。微观组织研究表明,超塑变形促进了Ti_2Co粒子的长大和形状变化,且在延伸率达500％时试样中仍无孔洞产生。     

Ti-44Al-5V-1Cr-0.3Ni-0.1Hf-0.15Gd 合金的微观组织和拉伸性能

针对变形量达86%的锻造Ti-44Al-5V-1Cr-0.3Ni-0.1Hf-0.15Gd(原子分数,%)合金,对其进行热处理获得近层片组织,研究变形合金及其近层片组织的微观组织特征,并进行了室温、700℃和800℃拉伸实验.组织观察发现,近层片组织由层片团、分布于层片团界的β相以及弥散分布于基体的椭圆状Gd析出物组成.层片团的平均尺寸为40μm,层片组织、β相和Gd析出物的体积分数分别为93.73%、5.25%和1.02%.拉伸结果显示,室温下合金试样的平均抗拉强度为865MPa,平均延伸率可达4.17%,700℃时其平均抗拉强度和延伸率分别为643MPa和22%.Ti-44Al-5V-1Cr-0.3Ni-0.1Hf-0.15Gd合金不仅具有与高β相TiAl合金相当的塑性变形能力,且室温塑性也得到显著提高,这主要归因于β相体积分数的下降和Gd化合物对微观组织室温塑性的贡献.     

Nb 对氢在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用

采用电化学氢渗透方法研究氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 和 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo-0.5Nb 合金中的扩散行为, 分析了 0.5%Nb(质量分数, 下同)对氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用. 研究结果表明: 当在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中添加 0.5%Nb 后, 合金的晶粒得到细化, 同时合金中析出大量弥散分布的细小 Fe$_{2}$Nb 相. 0.5%Nb 的添加大幅度降低了氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中的表观扩散系数, 使氢原子在合金中的扩散激活能提高了 50.3%. Nb 原子通过提高合金中的氢陷阱浓度, 有效降低了氢原子在 FeCrAlMo 基合金中的扩散速率.     

VAR熔炼TiAl铸锭的成分分布及显微偏析

 采用XRD、SEM和化学成分分析等方法,分析了VAR二次熔炼获得的Ti-46Al-2Cr-2Nb铸锭的成分分布、微观组织及显微偏析,研究了其形成的规律。结果表明,沿铸锭径向,Al元素在R/2处质量分数最高,边缘及中心质量分数较低,Cr元素由边缘向中心质量分数逐渐增多,Nb元素从铸锭边缘到中心质量分数逐渐减少;沿铸锭轴向,Al元素自底部到顶部质量分数逐渐降低,Cr元素分布遵循正偏析元素规律,Nb元素偏析规律与Al元素相似。铸锭大部分区域为由α₂+γ片层团及晶界处少量等轴状γ相组成的近全片层组织,在铸锭中心偏上的区域存在由(α₂+γ)片层团组成的全片层结构。铸锭中显微偏析主要存在于片层团交界处,其中Cr元素的显微偏析比较严重。     

Macrosegregation and the underlying mechanism in Ti-6.5Al-1.0Cr-0.5Fe-6.0Mo-3.0Sn-4.0Zr alloy

A novel method for the analysis of composition distribution of titanium alloys over a large area(64 mm × 72 mm) was investigated by exploring the original position statistic distribution based on spark spectrum(OPA-SS) in Ti-6.5 Al-1.0 Cr-0.5 Fe-6.0 Mo-3.0-Sn-4.0 Zr titanium alloy. The results showed that OPA-SS could characterize the distribution of elements in different positions on the titanium alloy. The macrosegregation of Sn was the most pronounced, with a statistic segregation degree higher than 18%; the macrosegregation of Mo followed with a statistic segregation degree of 10%; the macrosegregation of Al and Fe was relatively milder,lower than 8%. The main reason for the macrosegregation state of the as-cast Ti-6.5 Al-1.0 Cr-0.5 Fe-6.0 Mo-3.0 Sn-4.0 Zr alloy can be the solute redistribution during liquid solidification and the diffusion rate of each element in the solid phase.     

大块准晶材料的制备

给出了一种大块准晶材料的制取方法,并且对所得材料的性能进行了研究。采用快速凝固制取几乎完全为二十面体相的准晶粉末,通过爆炸成形得到大块准晶材料。研究结果表明,在Al-Mn,Al-Cr和Al-Mn-Cr合金系列中,调整合金成分和冷却速度能够制得几乎完全为二十面体相的Al_(77.5)Mn_(22.5),Al_(82)Cr_(18)和Al_(78)Mn_(18)Cr_4准晶粉末,经爆炸成形后,所得的大块准晶材料仍然保持其二十面体相结构。     

Inter-phase selective corrosion of γ-TiAl alloy in molten salt environment at high temperature

Hot corrosion behavior of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy in molten salt environment of 75%Na_2SO_4 and 25%NaCl(mass fraction) at 800℃was studied using oxidation kinetics analysis,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray energy dispersive and X-ray diffraction analyses.The inter-phase selective corrosion,which caused the corrosion pits initiated from lamellar interfaces and the preferential corrosion ofα_2 phases,was observed during the hot corrosion of the alloy.The common controls of thermodynamic and kinetics in corr...     

Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金热加工图及其组织演变

采用热模拟试验机对Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金进行等温压缩试验,获得变形温度为750~900℃和应变速率为0.001~1 s 1时的真应力真应变曲线,并运用修正后的试验数据建立真应变为0.7的热加工图。通过显微组织观察,分析合金的变形机理,确定热变形失稳区。研究结果表明:Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金加工温度范围较宽,当加工温度低于800℃且变形速率大于0.1 s 1时易发生绝热剪切,造成流变失稳;随着变形温度升高,功率耗散因子η有增大趋势,合金的流动软化机制由动态回复逐渐变为动态再结晶,显微组织也随之细化、均匀。     

Ti60合金电弧离子镀Ti-Al-Cr防护涂层的抗循环热冲击性能

利用电弧离子镀技术在Ti60合金表面制备了Ti-48Al-5Cr和Ti-48Al-12Cr(原子分数,%)两种涂层.研究了Ti60及涂层样品在高温(900℃和950℃)和室温(强制水冷)之间的抗循环热冲击能力.分析了热冲击过程中样品的质量变化、相组成、表面及截面形貌的显微照片.结果显示Ti-48Al-12Cr涂层具有较好的抗循环热冲击性能,能有效地保护Ti60基体.而Ti-48Al-5Cr涂层不能有效地保护基体,这是因为Cr元素含量不同导致氧化机制的差异.热冲击实验加速了氧化物的剥落和破坏,因此加速了内氧化的发生和裂纹的萌生、扩展.     

Static coarsening of titanium alloys in single field by cellular automaton model considering solute drag and anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries

Static coarsening is an important physical phenomenon that influences microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. How to simulate this process effectively has become an important topic which needs to be dealt with. In this paper, a new cellular automaton (CA) model, which considers the effect of solute drag and anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries, was developed to simulate static grain coarsening of titanium alloys in the beta-phase field. To describe the effect of the drag caused by different solute atoms on coarsening, their diffusion velocities in beta titanium were estimated relative to that of titanium atoms (Ti). A formula was proposed to quantitatively describe the relationship of the diffusion velocity of Ti to that of solute atoms; factors influencing the diffusion velocity such as solute atom radius, mass, and lattice type were considered. The anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries was represented by the parameter c0, which was set to 1 for a fully anisotropic effect. These equations were then implemented into the CA scheme to model the static coarsening of titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V, Ti17 (Ti-5Al-4Mo-4Cr-2Sn-2Zr, wt%), TG6 (Ti-5.8Al-4.0Sn-4.0Zr-0.7Nb-1.5Ta-0.4Si-0.06C, wt%) and TA15 (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V, wt%) in the beta field. The predicted results, including coarsening kinetics and microstructural evolution, were in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, the effects of time, temperature, and chemical composition on grain coarsening and the limitations of the model were discussed.     

High-temperature mechanical properties and deformation behavior of high Nb containing TiAl alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering

A high Nb containing TiAl alloy was prepared from the pre-alloyed powder of Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2B-0.2W-0.02Y (at%) by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Its high-temperature mechanical properties and compressive deformation behavior were investigated in a temperature range of 700 to 1050℃ and a strain rate range of 0.002 to 0.2 s-1. The results show that the high-temperature mechanical properties of the high Nb containing TiAl alloy are sensitive to deformation temperature and strain rate, and the sensitivity to strain rate tends to rise with the deformation temperature increasing. The hot workability of the alloy is good at temperatures higher than 900℃, while fracture occurs at lower temperatures. The flow curves of the samples compressed at or above 900℃ exhibit obvious flow softening after the peak stress. Under the deformation condition of 900-1050℃ and 0.002-0.2 s-1, the interrelations of peak flow stress, strain rate, and deformation temperature follow the Arrhenius' equation modified by a hyperbolic sine function with a stress exponent of 5.99 and an apparent activation energy of 441.2 kJ·mol-1.     

Kinetic analysis and strain-compensated constitutive models of Ti-42.9Al-4.6Nb–2Cr during isothermal compression

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-42.9Al-4.6Nb–2Cr (at. %) was investigated by isothermal compression tests at the deformation temperature range of 1373–1573 K, strain rate range of 0.001–1.0 s⁻¹, up to the strain of 0.69. The flow stress test results of Ti-42.9Al-4.6Nb–2Cr showed negative temperature and positive strain rate sensitivity. Besides, strain had a great effect on the hot deformation behavior of Ti-42.9Al-4.6Nb–2Cr. Kinetic analysis was adopted to assess the hot workability of Ti-42.9Al-4.6Nb–2Cr via apparent activation energy (Q) of hot deformation, strain-rate sensitivity index (m) and strain hardening index (n). The Q value varied from 607.1 ± 0.7 kJ·mol⁻¹ to 512.6 ± 10.8 kJ mol⁻¹ with the increasing of strain from 0.1 to 0.6. The effect of strain on the Q value at the deformation temperatures below 1473 K was mainly related to dynamic recrystallization of γ phase and kinking of γ lamellae, while the Q value at the deformation temperature above 1473 K might be linked to γ→α phase transformation and DRV of α phase. Based on the kinetic analysis, strain-compensated Arrhenius model and Hensel-Spittel model were successfully established to predict the hot workability (flow stress). Average absolute relative errors of established strain-compensated Arrhenius model and Hensel-Spittel model were 7.52% and 11.95%, respectively. Moreover, both established constitutive models can be extrapolated for predicting the flow stress of Ti-42.9Al-4.6Nb–2Cr to larger strain levels.