Expression and regulation of metalloproteinases-2, -9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in rat corpus luteum

The expression and regulation of metalloproteinases-2, -9 (MMP-2, -9) and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, -2, -3 mRNA were studied in this experiment. In the PMSG- hCG primed pseudopregnant rat, MMP-2, -9 mRNA levels were the highest at Day 1, decreased from Day 4, and reached the minimal level at Day 8, then increased at Day 14; no significant changes were observed in TIMP-2 mRNA expression from Day 1 to Day 14; TIMP-3 mRNA expression was the lowest at Day 1, increased from Day 4, reached the maximal level at Day 8, and persisted to Day 14. TNF-αcould significantly increase the expression of MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1 mRNA in the in vitro perfused pseudopregnant CL, and decrease the expression of TIMP-3 mRNA, but had no effect on TIMP-2 mRNA expression. The results indicate that MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1, -2, -3 might be involved in the regulation of CL function and maintenance of CL structure via their coordinated gene expression. TNF-α could inhibit luteal regression via increasing MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1 mRNA in the in vitro perfused pseudopregnant ovary.     

Involvement of receptor-interacting protein 2 in innate and adaptive immune responses

Host defences to microorganisms rely on a coordinated interplay between the innate and adaptive responses of immunity. Infection with intracellular bacteria triggers an immediate innate response requiring macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells, whereas subsequent activation of an adaptive response through development of T-helper subtype 1 cells (TH1) proceeds during persistent infection. To understand the physiological role of receptor-interacting protein 2 (Rip2), also known as RICK and CARDIAK, we generated mice with a targeted disruption of the gene coding for Rip2. Here we show that Rip2-deficient mice exhibit a profoundly decreased ability to defend against infection by the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Rip2-deficient macrophages infected with L. monocytogenes or treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have decreased activation of NF-kappaB, whereas dominant negative Rip2 inhibited NF-kappaB activation mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 and Nod1. In vivo, Rip2-deficient mice were resistant to the lethal effects of LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Furthermore, Rip2 deficiency results in impaired interferon-gamma production in both TH1 and natural killer cells, attributed in part to defective interleukin-12-induced Stat4 activation. Our data reflect requirements for Rip2 in multiple pathways regulating immune and inflammatory responses.     

Histamine regulates T-cell and antibody responses by differential expression of H1 and H2 receptors

Many pathological processes, including those causing allergies and autoimmune diseases, are associated with the presence of specialized subsets of T helper cells (TH1 and TH2) at the site of inflammation. The diversity of TH1 and TH2 function is not predetermined but depends on signals that drive the cells towards either subset. Histamine, released from effector cells (mast cells and basophils) during inflammatory reactions can influence immune response. Here we report that histamine enhances TH1-type responses by triggering the histamine receptor type 1 (H1R), whereas both TH1- and TH2-type responses are negatively regulated by H2R through the activation of different biochemical intracellular signals. In mice, deletion of H1R results in suppression of interferon (IFN)-gamma and dominant secretion of TH2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13). Mutant mice lacking H2R showed upregulation of both TH1 and TH2 cytokines. Relevant to T-cell cytokine profiles, mice lacking H1R displayed increased specific antibody response with increased immunoglobulin-epsilon (IgE) and IgG1, IgG2b and IgG3 compared with mice lacking H2R. These findings account for an important regulatory mechanism in the control of inflammatory functions through effector-cell-derived histamine.     

远志皂苷对小鼠行为习得及海马CA3区突触形态的影响

为了探讨远志皂苷对小鼠学习能力及海马CA3区突触形态的影响,把30只小鼠随机分为2组:药物组灌胃生药量为4.50 g/kg的远志皂苷溶液,对照组灌胃相等剂量的生理盐水,14 d后进行行为学训练,期间继续给药10 d.训练结束后,各取7只小鼠检测海马CA3区突触密度、活性带长度、突触间隙宽度、PSD厚度及穿孔突触的比例....     

小鼠子宫内膜LIF基因表达与孕激素的关系研究

白血病抑制因子（LIF）是一种多功能活性的糖蛋白，LIF基因在大多数妊娠第4天的小鼠子宫内膜进行着强烈的表达，然而LIF基因表达调控的机理目前尚不清楚，本实验对130只妊娠4－5d的小鼠LIF基因表达和血清中孕激素水平分别进行了检测，发现12只小鼠（占总数的9．23％）无LIF基因表达，无该基因表达小鼠血清中孕激素水平显著低于其它表达的小鼠。实验结果表明：孕激素可能是LIF基因表达的复杂的调控体系中的一个重要的调控因素。     

Expression of the T-cell-specific gamma gene is unnecessary in T cells recognizing class II MHC determinants

Subtractive complementary DNA cloning combined with partial protein sequencing has allowed identification of the genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of T-cell receptors. The subtractive cDNA library prepared from the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (Tc) clone 2C has been found to contain a third type of clone encoding the gamma chain. The gamma gene shares several features with the alpha and beta genes: (1) assembly from gene segments resembling immunoglobulin V, J and C (respectively variable, joining and constant region) DNA segments; (2) rearrangement and expression in T cells and not in B cells; (3) sequences reminiscent of transmembrane and intracytoplasmic regions of integral membrane proteins; (4) a cysteine residue at the position expected for an interchain disulphide bond. The alpha and beta genes are expressed at equivalent levels in both Tc cells and helper T cells (TH). The gamma gene, obtained from 2C, has been found to be expressed in all Tc cells studied. Here we present evidence that strongly suggests that TH cells do not require gamma gene expression.     

扩展青霉碱性脂肪酶cDNA的克隆和表达

采用TRIzol试剂一步法所抽提的总RNA的D（260）／D（280）值为1.82,甲醛变性电泳呈现真核微生物所特有的28S rRNA和18S rRNA条带。根据扩展青霉所产碱性脂肪酶（Lip PE)N末端20个氨基酸残基序列和真核生物mRNA3‘端具有poly(A)等所提供的生物信息,采用RT－PCR技术和3‘－RACE法扩增了Lip PE成熟肽编码区和3‘非编码区的cDNA,直接将该PCR产物克隆至pUCm-T载体中。序列分析表明,该碱性脂肪酶含有258个氨基酸,其中保守的五肽序列为Gly-His-Ser-Leu-Gly。进一步采用Clot Tech公司的SMART^TM PCR cDNA文库构建试剂盒,扩增、克隆和测定了自转录起始点至编码区的cDNA片段,从而完成了Lip EP完整cDNA的分析测定。最后将编码完整脂肪酶蛋白的cDNA克隆至pGEX-5X-3表达载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21中进行IPTG诱导表达,SDS－PAGE检测结果表明,所表达的GST－Lip EP融合蛋白分子质量约为53ku;免疫印迹（Western Blotting)技术证明了所克隆的cDNA确为编码扩展青霉WMC20718脂肪酶的基因。     

Enhancing cellular immune response to HBV M DNA vaccine in mice by codelivery of interleukin-18 recombinant

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on immune response induced by plasmid encoding hepatitis B virus middle protein antigen and to explore new strategies for prophylactic and therapeutic HBV DNA vaccines. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized with pCMV-M alone or co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M and then their sera were collected for analysing anti-HBsAg antibody by ELISA; splenocytes were isolated for detecting specific CTL response and cytokine assay in vitro. RESULTS: The anti-HBs antibody level of mice co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was slightly higher than that of mice immunized with pCMV-M alone, but there was not significantly different (P>0.05). Compared with mice injected with pCMV-M, the specific CTL cytotoxity activity of mice immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was significantly enhanced (P<0.05) and the level of IFN-Gamma in supernatant of splenocytes cul-tured with HBsAg in vitro was significantly elevated (P<0.05) while the level of IL-4 had no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The plasmid encoding IL-18 together with HBV M gene DNA vaccines may enhance specific TH1 cells and CTL cellular immune response induced in mice, so that IL-18 is a promising immune adjuvant.     

有氧运动改善心肌梗塞大鼠血流动力学异常和自主神经功能紊乱

目的:观察8周有氧运动对心肌梗塞大鼠血流动力学和自主神经功能的影响并探讨其可能机制.方法:27只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(S组,n=10)、心肌梗塞组(M组,n=9)和心肌梗塞运动组(ME组,n=8),心肌梗塞模型采用冠状动脉结扎术,ME组进行8周跑台训练.末次训练后48h处死动物,分别测定大鼠心脏结构与功能、血流动力学、心率变异性以及心肌神经生长因子(NGF)和酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)基因表达水平.结果:(1)与S组比较,M组大鼠左室扩张、心功能下降,血流动力学异常,心率变异性显示自主神经功能紊乱,心肌NGF和TH mRNA与蛋白表达下调(P0.05);(2)与M组比较,ME组心功能增强,血流动力学异常和自主神经功能紊乱得以改善,心肌NGF和TH mRNA与蛋白表达上调(P0.05).结论:长期有氧运动可能通过改善血流动力学异常和自主神经功能紊乱抑制心肌梗塞大鼠心脏重塑并提高心功能.     

IL-2与猪瘟病毒E_2基因真核双表达载体的构建及其免疫增强作用的研究

应用DNA重组技术构建了猪瘟病毒E2 基因与IL 2基因的双表达真核表达载体 ,观察其表达水平 ,并对其免疫增强效果进行了观察。结果是构建了猪瘟病毒E2 基因与白细胞介素 2的真核表达质粒pIRSTIL 2。将质粒转染BHK 2 1细胞 ,可在体外表达E2 和有生物活性IL 2。pIRSTIL 2质粒能诱导产生CSFV的特异性免疫反应。pIRSTIL 2所诱导的免疫应答反应比使用单表达质粒pIRST强。实验表明 :IL 2与猪瘟病毒E2 基因构建的双表达基因疫苗能有效提高基因疫苗的免疫效果     

小鼠睾丸发育过程中Si1基因表达的研究

 以1天龄、未成熟(3周龄)、成熟期(10周龄以上)的昆明正常小鼠睾丸组织为实验材料,利用地高辛标记的Si1基因探针在其组织切片上进行DNA-mRNA分子原位杂交,探讨Si1基因在小鼠睾丸发育过程中的表达变化.同时,分别在生后15,20 d及25 d的昆明小鼠睾丸组织切片上进行凋亡细胞原位检测,验证小鼠睾丸上述发育时期的细胞凋亡情况.结果发现:①Si1基因在1天龄小鼠的睾丸组织生精上皮内无杂交信号;在未成熟小鼠的睾丸组织部分生精上皮内有极强的杂交信号;在成熟小鼠的睾丸组织生精上皮内无杂交信号.②小鼠睾丸组织生精上皮内,凋亡细胞数从生后第15-20天呈增加趋势,于生后第20天出现峰值,生后第25天又降低.上述结果表明Si1基因可能参与了小鼠睾丸的发育过程,在小鼠睾丸发育的特定时期发挥作用,由于Si1基因的表达与小鼠生精细胞凋亡发生的时期同步,表明该基因可能与小鼠睾丸发育过程中的细胞凋亡有关.     

炭黑/聚乙烯导电复合材料PTC特性的研究(Ⅰ)——影响PTC特性的因素

从探讨影响聚合物型正温度系数 (PTC)材料电性能的因素出发 ,采用炭黑 (CB)填充聚乙烯 (PE) ,分析了不同种类CB的含量 ,以及不同种类PE基体的结晶性能对复合材料导电性和PTC效应的影响 .结果发现 ,采用结构性高和比表面积大的CB进行填充 ,有利于复合材料的导电性和PTC效应 ,而基体的结晶度高 ,复合材料的PTC强度大 ,渗滤阈值小     

重组人促性腺激素-铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A蛋白的可溶性表达、纯化和对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性

以人促性腺激素-铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A衍生物（GnRH-PE39KDEL）为研究对象,根据大肠杆菌密码子偏好性优化,通过基因合成的方法获得重组蛋白核酸序列,连接至pET-24b载体中,并转化入大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)及BL21 ( DE3) plyS中进行诱导表达。结果显示,在含有2 mg/mL葡萄糖的LB培养基中37 ℃培养至OD-600约为0.6 h,加入0.2 mmol/L IPTG在30 ℃诱导2 h后,重组蛋白可以实现可溶性高表达。工程菌经超声波破碎、高速离心后,经镍柱纯化和脱盐后得到重组蛋白,蛋白纯度达到95 %以上,蛋白最终得率在2.6 mg/g菌体。重组蛋白经IC-50检测,可以较好地抑制肿瘤细胞株的生长。     

双功能促胰岛素水蛭素(5rolGLP-HV)的构建及功能分析

采用分子克隆方法获得5拷贝口服长效促胰岛素多肽（rolGLP-1）和水蛭素（rHV）融合基因促胰岛素水蛭素（5rolGLP-HV）, 并将该基因克隆至pET22b(+)表达载体上, 转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）, 实现了高效表达. 表达产物经SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot鉴定后用Ni-NTA]亲和层析柱纯化, 得到高纯度的5rolGLP-HV. 用STZ诱导Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠和血栓模型鼠进行药物功能分析, 结果表明, 5rolGLP-HV有较好的降糖和抗血栓效果.     

Effect of HS2 and HS3 elements on erythroid-specific expression in transgenic mice

The expression plasmids CMV/GFP, HS2ALL, HS3ALL and HS23ALL were selected to investigate the effect of HS2 and HS3 element on erythroid-specific expression in transgenic mice. These plasmids were digested with restriction enzymes and purified. And five DNA fragments, CMV/GFP, HS2/GFP, CMV/HS2/GFP, HS23/GFP and HS3/GFP were obtained. After purification, the above DNA fragments were microinjected into the pre-nuclei of the mice fertilized eggs and transgenic mice were generated, with an integration rate of 10.89%. The green fluorescence protein(GFP) expression in many transgenic mouse tissues was determined by FACS analysis. The results showed that the HS2 and 1.7 kb of β-globin gene promoter were sufficient for the erythroid-specific expression of β-globin gene. The GFP expression of different recombinant constructs was also analyzed in blood of all the transgenic mice with FACS. The results indicated that HS2 and HS3 had the same enhancement activity on the regulation of β-globin gene expression. Moreover, these two elements showed a significant synergistic effect on gene expression at the transgenic mouse level, although the GFP expression varied largely among different transgenic mouse litters.     

一种改进的CIR法用于单历元模糊度解算

针对级联整周模糊度解算（CIR）法在载波相位和伪距观测噪声很大的场合,模糊度固定成功率很低这一问题,提出了一种改进的CIR法,该算法以CIR法为基础,利用排序和连续（逆）乔里斯基降相关法对每步最小二乘法求得的模糊度浮点解和协方差矩阵进行降相关,最后采用改进的最近点搜索（MAEVZ）法固定整周模糊度.仿真实验表明,在伪距观测噪声为2.0 m,载波相位观测噪声为0.03周的短基线环境下,CIR法单历元整周模糊度解算成功率已经低于5%,无法正确固定整周模糊度,而改进的CIR法单历元整周模糊度解算成功率仍能达到90%以上.      

非妊娠小鼠子宫内膜白血病抑制因子基因表达研究

白血病抑制因子（LIF）能抑制胚胎干细胞的分化和保持其增殖能力,并与胚泡着床及胚胎早期发育有着密切的关系。经实验证实,LIF基因在子宫内膜中的表达具有高度的时间限制性。采用反转录聚合酶链式反应技术（RT－RCR）对小鼠子宫内膜LIF基因表达进行了研究,结果显示：妊娠第4天小鼠的子宫内膜组织的样本在电泳图的538bp处出现清晰的电泳带,表明该组织有LIF基因的强表达;而在所检测的13只非妊娠小鼠子宫内膜的组织样本中均未发现LIF基因表达讨论了小鼠动情周期中各阶段的孕激素水平对子宫内膜LIF基因表达产生的影响,提出了一定的孕激素水平是启动LIF基因表达的必要条件     

Cortico-striatal synaptic defects and OCD-like behaviours in Sapap3-mutant mice

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety-spectrum disorder characterized by persistent intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive actions (compulsions). Dysfunction of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuitry is implicated in OCD, although the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. SAP90/PSD95-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3; also known as DLGAP3) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein at excitatory synapses that is highly expressed in the striatum. Here we show that mice with genetic deletion of Sapap3 exhibit increased anxiety and compulsive grooming behaviour leading to facial hair loss and skin lesions; both behaviours are alleviated by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Electrophysiological, structural and biochemical studies of Sapap3-mutant mice reveal defects in cortico-striatal synapses. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated selective expression of Sapap3 in the striatum rescues the synaptic and behavioural defects of Sapap3-mutant mice. These findings demonstrate a critical role for SAPAP3 at cortico-striatal synapses and emphasize the importance of cortico-striatal circuitry in OCD-like behaviours.     

中药材玫瑰花抗氧化及作用机制的研究

采用测定红细胞溶血抑制率、肝组织匀浆脂质过氧化产物，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性测定方法和现代分子生物学技术RT-PCR基因扩增法检测中药材玫瑰花(F21)对小鼠(SAM-P／8)体内抗氧化作用，并探讨抗氧化作用机制．经过体内实验，F21对不同月龄小鼠的抗氧化效果不同，对8月龄以上的小鼠抗氧化作用效果显，同时明显提高了SOD基因的表达量．结果表明F21对衰老的鼠不仅在组织水平上和细胞水平上有显的抗氧化作用，而且在分子水平上能提高基因表达量．F21含有高效抗氧化成分，是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂，具有进一步研究价值．