三旋理论展望

大量微观和宏观物理现象都表明基本粒子不是类点结构，但这并非是弦学说才有的特色，三旋理论利用类圈体存在三种内禀自旋的发现，会有助于对微观和宏观量子现象及场的一些难题的探索。     

迈进二十一世纪的集成电路

文章讨论了进入二十一世纪微电子科学技术所面临的诸多问题：超微细加工新技术,高电导率金属和低介电常数介质的互连技术,SiCMOS工艺的限制以及GaAs集成电路的崛起等。     

生物信息学的现状与展望

本文阐述了生物信息学产生的背景,生物学数据库,生物信息学的主要研究内容,与生物信息学关系密切的数学和计算机科学技术领域,生物信息学产业等内容,展望了其未来并提出了若干在我国发展生物信息学的建议。着重指出,理解大量生物学数据所包括的生物学意义已成为后基因组时代极其重要的课题。生物信息学的作用将日益重要。有理由认为,今日生物学数据的巨大积累将导致重大生物学规律的发现。生物信息学的发展在国内、外基本上都处在起步阶段。因此,这是我国生物学赶超世界先进水平的一个百年一遇的极好机会。     

第二次现代化理论与中国现代化

第二次现代化理论认为：人类社会的发展可分为四个,即原始,农业社会,工业社会和知识社会,第一个阶段又分为四个时期,即起步期,发展期,成就期和过渡期;从农业社会向工业社会的转移过程是第一次现代化,从工业社会向知识社会的转移过程是第二次现代化。     

The parvins

The parvins are a family of proteins involved in linking integrins and associated proteins with intracellular pathways that regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell survival. Both α-parvin (PARVA) and β-parvin (PARVB) localize to focal adhesions and function in cell adhesion, spreading, motility and survival through interactions with partners, such as integrin-linked kinase (ILK), paxillin, α-actinin and testicular kinase 1. A complex of PARVA with ILK and the LIM protein PINCH-1 is critical for cell survival in a variety of cells, including certain cancer cells, kidney podocytes and cardiac myocytes. While PARVA inhibits the activities of Rac1 and testicular kinase 1 and cell spreading, PARVB binds αPIX and α-actinin, and can promote cell spreading. In contrast to PARVA, PARVB inhibits ILK activity and reverses some of its oncogenic effects in cancer cells. This review focuses on the structure and function of the parvins and some possible roles in human diseases. Received 5 August 2005; received after revision 5 September 2005; accepted 22 September 2005     

The angiogenins

The angiogenic and other biological functions of the angiogenins, members of the pancreatic RNase superfamily of proteins, are reviewed in the context of their primary and tertiary structures. The ribonucleolytic activity and interactions with the placental ribonuclease inhibitor have seen much study in the last few years. The mechanism of the angiogenic activity of angiogenin has recently been postulated as involving multiple interactions with other proteins through specific regions on the molecular surface of angiogenin. These molecular partners include heparin, plasminogen, elastase, angiostatin, actin and most importantly a 170-kilodalton receptor on subconfluent endothelial cells. The existence of the latter receptor was established in conjunction with a mitogenic activity of angiogenin on subconfluent cells. The levels of angiogenin in various physiological and disease states are summarized, including various studies on pregnancy and angiogenin. Correlations are seen between states of enhanced angiogenesis and angiogenin levels. An overview of the relationship of angiogenin and the other RNases of the superfamily showed that their genes all are in relative close proximity on human chromosome 14. Examination of the many expressed sequence tags published in the public databanks, for angiogenin and the other RNases, revealed that angiogenin and RNase-4 (the most evolutionarily conserved RNase), share various identical 5′-untranslated regions on their sets of messenger RNAs, suggesting that their genes are in very close proximity on chromosome 14 and that they are products of differential splicing. This in turn suggests that, in both humans and mice, expression of these two proteins is under identical control, with obvious implications for their biological activities. The evolutionary history of the angiogenins is examined briefly on the basis of the protein sequences of the human, rabbit, pig, two bovine and four mouse angiogenins, and two mouse angiogenin pseudogene sequences. The discrepancy between the conventional requirement for conservatism in structure to allow multimolecule interactions, and the actual fast-changing sequence of the angiogenins, in concert with the wide-ranging activity even in birds, of human angiogenin, is discussed.     

The hydroxyskatoles

Zusammenfassung Synthesen und Eigenschaften von 4-, 5-, 6- und 7-Hydroxyskatol werden beschrieben.     

The alcohol syndromes: The intrarecombigenic effect of acetaldehyde

Summary Sister chromatid exchange was studied in lymphocyte and fibroblast cultures. Alcohol caused no disturbance under normal conditions but an acetaldehyde level above 40 M inhibited cell multiplication and elevated SCE considerably. A high acetaldehyde level is thought to elicit the fetal alcohol syndrome, a view supported by clinical and experimental observations.     

当前我国垄断现状及反垄断立法指向—兼论垄断与资源配置的关系

本文首先阐述我国垄断现状。目前我国经济生活中的垄断现象主要表现为两种形式：经济垄断和行政垄断，其中行政垄断表现得尤为普遍和突出，并且已对我国经济产生了许多不利的影响。其次从垄断与资源配置的关系讨论我国反垄断立法的指向。由于垄断结构的大企业更易提高生产效率，节约交易费用和提高技术效率，从而优化资源配置，所以我国反垄断立法的指向不应是垄断结构，更不应是垄断结构下的大企业，而应是限制竞争和不正当竞争的垄断行为。对于行政垄断，应针对不同表现形式具体对待，最后还提到在制定反垄断法时应同步配套地制定反垄断适用除外立法。     

改革开放中前进的中国科学院基础研究

中国科学院在改革开放新时期积极探索适合于基础研究发展的模式，几组统计数字各基础科学获国家自然科学奖情况可以表明改革所取得的进展。     

论我国学制的改革

我国的学制，从基础教育到高等教育，一路上节节有关卡，示学之路崎岖坎坷，应予改革，具体有以下做法；１．打通我国目前学制，改单轨制为多轨制，实现条条大路通大学；２．增加高考次数；３．允许各高校单独命题招生；４．鼓励高校招收一些有一技之长的低分学生。     

生命的哲学--兼论人的生物属性

本文从自然和哲学的角度上论述生命的本质，并对人的生物属性、人的本质和行为及某些相关问题作了简要的分析与阐述。     

The early history of ship magnetism: The Airy-Scoresby controversy

With the advent of iron-built ships in the early nineteenth century the problem of managing a magnetic compass on board presented considerable difficulty. Prominent among the early scientists who tackled the problem were George Biddell Airy and William Scoresby. Airy had provided a mechanical system, employing correctors in the form of steel magnets and wrought iron masses, by which the ship's magnetic field at the compass position is neutralized. He based his system on the concept that the magnetism acquired by an iron ship during her construction remained with the ship throughout her life. Scoresby, on the other hand, thought differently. After having conducted a thorough and systematic series of experiments on iron plates and bars, he concluded that the magnetic character of an iron ship is liable to sudden and unexpected change. Scoresby argued, therefore, that Airy's system was defective and, indeed, dangerous. The aim of this paper is to discuss the two views which brought Airy and Scoresby into a conflict which is documented in a series of letters to the editor of The Athenaeum.     

人类社会发展新理论:第二次现代化理论

１９９９年,高等教育出版社出版了中国科学院何传启研究员的专著《第二次现代化》该书提出了人类社会发展新理论－第二次现代化理论,本文介绍了《第二次现代化》和第二次现代化理论,并对《第二次现代化》和《第三次浪潮》作了比较。     

The eosinophil ribonucleases

The eosinophil ribonucleases, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN/RNase 2) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP/RNase 3) are two closely related proteins with intriguing functional and evolutionary properties. While both EDN and ECP maintain the structural and catalytic residues typical of the RNase A superfamily, the role of ribonuclease activity in the physiologic function of these proteins remains unclear. The biochemistry and physiology of EDN, ECP and the recently discovered ribonuclease k6 (RNase 6) will be reviewed in this chapter.     

The tetracycline resistome

Resistance to tetracycline emerged soon after its discovery six decades ago. Extensive clinical and non-clinical uses of this class of antibiotic over the years have combined to select for a large number of resistant determinants, collectively termed the tetracycline resistome. In order to impart resistance, microbes use different molecular mechanisms including target protection, active efflux, and enzymatic degradation. A deeper understanding of the structure, mechanism, and regulation of the genes and proteins associated with tetracycline resistance will contribute to the development of tetracycline derivatives that overcome resistance. Newer generations of tetracyclines derived from engineering of biosynthetic genetic programs, semi-synthesis, and in particular recent developments in their chemical synthesis, together with a growing understanding of resistance, will serve to retain this class of antibiotic to combat pathogens.