DINSAR measurement of glacier motion in Antarctic Grove Mountain

Grove Mountain is an important nunatak region on East Antarctic Glacier that blocks the ice flow to- ward Lambert Glacier. The existence of nunataks and subglacial mountains leads to complex ice flow patterns, which are difficult to be measured by conventional ground-based methods. In this study, several JERS-1 and ERS-1/2 SAR images covering this area are used for 3-pass and 4-pass differential interferometric processing. The ice flow field of Grove Mountain and the eastern zone are derived and validated with related knowledge. The research shows that DINSAR is an effective method for meas- uring complex ice flow in Antarctic inland glacier. L-band DINSAR is more suitable for mid or fast ice flow than C-band over this region.     

Preliminary evidence indicating Dome A （Antarctica） satisfying preconditions for drilling the oldest ice core

Lowest temperature and snow accumulation rate are preconditions for retrieving the oldest ice core from the polar ice sheets. The 10-m depth firn temperature at Dome A, the summit of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, recorded by an automatic weather station （AWS） was -58.3℃ in 2005 and -58.2℃ in 2006, respectively. The 10-m firn temperature is an approximation of the annual mean air temperature （AMAT）, and this is the lowest AMAT that has been recorded on the surface of the Earth. The stable isotopic ratios （δ^18O and δD） of surface snow at Dome A are also lower than at other ice sheet domes along the East Antarctic Ice Divide such as Dome C, Dome F, Dome B and Vostok. These facts indicate that Dome A is the ＂pole of cold＂ on the Earth. The total amount of snow accumulation rate in 2005 and 2006 was only 0.16 cm, equaling 0.016 m water equivalent per year, the lowest precipitation ever recorded from Antarctica. Preliminary evidences indicate that Dome A is a candidate site for recovering the oldest ice core.     

电阻率冰厚监测装置在南极海冰考察中的应用

电阻率冰厚监测装置是中国第21次南极考察中海冰厚度监测的技术设备之一。结合南极极端环境,对基于冰、水不同电传导性质的电阻率冰厚监测装置首次在南极海冰考察中所取得的数据进行了分析,总结出极地海冰不稳定的现场环境和低温是影响该装置测量精度的主要因素,并依据分析结果对该装置提出了改进措施。     

Recent accumulation rate at Dome A, Antarctica

Based on the horizon of β activity and the density profiles, recent accumulation rate at Dome A, Ant-arctica is calculated to be 0.023 m water equivalent per year. This value is comparative to the accumu-lation rates deduced from the other inland sites of Antarctica. Clear-sky precipitation (or diamond dust) dominates the total precipitation at Dome A region. We speculate Dome A as a potential site to discover the oldest ice in Antarctica due to its tremendous ice thickness (>3000 m), extremely low accumulation rate, and low ice velocity.     

航海雷达识别与跟踪海冰试验

在辽东湾某座石油平台上安装了监测海冰的航海雷达。首先对该雷达探测与识别海冰的效果进行了试验。结果表明,它可识别莲叶冰、平整冰、粗糙冰与冰脊,其识别能力主要与雷达性能、天线高度以及海冰表面粗度有关;为了增大雷达对海冰的探测距离,在平台顶部架设了天线塔,使天线高度达到５５ｍ;该雷达系统有对海冰连续跟踪的能力,可为研究海冰生消和运动规律提供依据,同时也是局部海冰实时监测与海冰管理的有力手段。     

The 4700 aB.P. volcanic signal detected in Vostok BH8 ice core, Antarctica

The detailed electrical conductivity measuremerit （ECM）, trace chemical compositions and microparticles concentration analysis are performed for BH8 ice core from the depth of 126.0m to 130.0m at Vostok Station. At depth 128.7m, a volcanic signal 4726 a B.P. is detected. The volcanic sulphate flux is 95.8 kg·km^-2, sulphate peak concentration 1352.8 ng·g^-1, duration time about 10.1 years, comparable with some well-known volcanic events. The results indicate that it seems to be a relatively large scale, long lasting volcanic signal with farther volcanic origin.     

数字温度传感器DSl8820在冰情测报系统中的应用

提出了一种利用冰与水的温度特性差异来区分冰,水分界面进行接触式检测的新的冰层厚度检测思路。选用美国DALI．AS公司的单总线数字温度传感器DSl8820来实现温度的检测,运用DSl8820和MSP430F449单片机组成多点温度检测系统。本系统的温度传感器精度高、体积小、测量电路简单,而且能够在低温下工作。     

数字温度传感器DS18B20在冰情测报系统中的应用

提出了一种利用冰与水的温度特性差异来区分冰,水分界面进行接触式检测的新的冰层厚度检测思路.选用美国DALLAS公司的单总线数字温度传感器DS18B20来实现温度的检测,运用DS18B20和MSP430F449单片机组成多点温度检测系统.本系统的温度传感器精度高、体积小、测量电路简单,而且能够在低温下工作.     

渤海连续冰层关键力学参数预报模式

为反映海冰的物理和力学特性,利用实验室获取水平方向加载冰样的单轴压缩强度、三点弯曲强度和侧限剪切强度与孔隙率间的统计关系,把海冰温度、盐度和密度对强度的效应统一起来,建立了预报模式。之后,依据渤海海冰多年调查资料和近期研究成果,将冰层内的温度、盐度和密度表示成气温、水温和冰厚的函数,获得冰层的孔隙率剖面,进而得到冰层力学参数剖面。在选取冰层平均强度时还考虑了渤海冰层底部骨架部分有厚度无强度的特点,实现了利用已知冰厚、气温和水温预报冰层水平方向强度分布的目标。     

平衡冰塞厚度与水流条件和冰流量关系的试验研究

平衡冰塞出现时河道冰塞的厚度最大,它是冰塞发展过程中的一个重要阶段,又是开河冰塞的前期基础,对于凌洪灾害、冬季河床演变具有重要的影响。本文通过水槽试验,对平衡冰塞的形成与变化机理进行了试验研究,揭示了平衡冰塞厚度与冰流量及水流条件等因素间的相互关系,依据试验资料定性得出了平衡冰塞厚度计算的表达式,并分析了影响平衡时间的一些因素。     

GMS红外通道实时资料遥感海冰的研究

利用１９９４年１，２月的ＧＭＳ－４的红外亮温和可见光反照率资料，以辽江湾海冰为对象，得到了海冰参数的提以方法和冰厚遥感数字分布。根据冰水物理特性的差异，建立了冰水识别的判据，发现用亮温可以较好地识别冰水，由此和到了冰水区分的亮温疮阀值。     

利用冰的挠曲强度特性减轻桥墩冰压力

浮冰对桥墩的作用力在某些情况下是一项重要的荷载。冰的挠曲强度远小于其挤压强度。在桥墩上设置破冰锥体,可大大减轻浮冰的水平压力,同时还可把大块浮冰破碎成小块浮冰,有可能减少产生冰坝、冰塞。在北方地区河道中修建大跨度桥梁时,采用此方案,可能产生有利的效果。这一设想也可应用到有类似冰害的结构中。     

Distribution of <Emphasis Type=\"Italic\">δ</Emphasis><Superscript>18</Superscript>O in surface snow along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A,East Antarctica

Surface snow samples were collected during the 14th (1997/1998) and 24th (2007/2008) Chinese National Antarctica Research Expeditions along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A. The stable oxygen isotope ratios of these samples were measured to investigate their relationships with temperature and geographical parameters (latitude, longitude, altitude and distance to the coast). The results reveal a strong positive correlation (R=0.945) between δ¹⁸O and mean annual temperature, with a gradient of 0.84‰°C ^–1, which is a little higher than that in Terre Adelie Land. Regression analyses also show that the δ¹⁸O of surface snow is strongly correlated with distance to the coast (R=0.942), latitude (R=0.942), and altitude (R=0.941). But no significant correlation was found between δ¹⁸O and longitude in study area. Altitude should be the most important factor influencing the δ¹⁸O distribution because of distinctive topography. The δ¹⁸O-altitude and T-altitude gradients along this transect are determined to be –1.1‰/100 m and 1.31°C/100 m, respectively.