岩石统计损伤本构模型及对比分析

损伤力学是研究岩石破坏过程中本构关系的一种有效手段.假定岩石微元强度分布服从Weibull分布和幂函数分布的概率分布理论,将Drucker-Prager准则作为岩石统计分布变量,同时引入一个能够反映岩石微元破坏部分承载力的修正系数,建立基于不同概率分布的岩石损伤统计本构模型,并用极值法求解模型参数.最后通过理论结果和试验结果的对比分析发现:Weibull分布比较适合于作为岩石微元强度的概率分布函数,而幂函数分布不适合作为岩石微元强度的概率分布函数.     

钦州市台风影响下风雨联合概率分布模型研究

受台风影响,钦州市洪涝灾害频发,基于copula联合概率分布模型研究台风条件下风雨相关关系。选择1971～2016年中引起钦州市降雨的125场台风的最大风速、时段降雨及累积雨量系列作为统计样本,分别采用Gumbel(2P)、Frechet(3P)、Weibull(2P)、Weibull(3P)、GEV、Gamma(2P)和Burr七种边缘分布进行最大风速、各时段雨量的分布拟合,并应用危险率函数法、累计误差法和Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验进行拟合优度评价,选出合适的风、雨边缘分布;采用Archimedean copula族四种函数构建风雨联合概率模型,并根据AIC、OLS准则做风雨联合分布拟合优度评价,选出符合钦州市各风雨联合概率分布的函数模型;通过对2017年"天鸽"和"帕卡"两场台风降雨数据检验可知,该风雨联合模型,结果可靠。表明了基于Archimedean copula函数构造的风雨联合分布模型可应用于台风影响下钦州市降雨情势的预测与分析。     

长江三角洲太湖流域湖西浙西区降水极值特性分析

长江三角洲太湖流域属于典型的北亚热带季风气候区,气候变化、快速城镇化和人类活动使得极端气象灾害的影响加剧.极端降水是形成洪水的主要来源之一,分析降水极值特性是研究洪水的一种必要且有效的手段.以湖西浙西区96个站点2006—2012年的日降水数据为例,选取极端降水量(R95P)、一日最大降水量(RX1D)、最大连续五日降水量(RX5D)、降水强度(SDⅡ)和强降水日数(R10,R20和R50)七个极端降水指数,研究降水极值空间分布规律.结果表明,极端降水量在湖西区北部呈现较高值,降水强度在浙西山区和湖西山区以及东北部地区呈现较高值,其余五个指数均显示,地势较高的浙西山区极端降水指数相应较高.进一步对丹阳、金坛、溧阳、宜兴、安吉和湖州六个代表站1961—2015年的降水极值分析,利用广义极值分布(Generalized Extreme Value Distribution,GEV)和广义帕累托分布(Generalized Pareto Distribution,GPD)两种极值模型进行分布拟合.研究发现,GPD的拟合效果优于GEV,各个站点的分布模型参数也有差异,对两种分布下不同重现期的极端降水量值进行对比,为风险防范和工程设计安全提供了科学依据.另外,汛期降水的空间分布差异性较大,汛期和非汛期的对比结果显示极值统计模型参数也有较大差异,主要体现在阈值和尺度参数上.对于特定季节尤其是暴雨多发期的极端降水事件,建议利用汛期的降水极值进行统计模拟,有助于更好地刻画降水极值特性.     

广东极端降水的三参数概率分布模式对比

 采用包括广义极值分布、威布尔分布、广义逻辑斯特分布和皮尔逊3型分布在内的4种三参数概率分布模式推算广东省85个气象站历年日最大降水不同重现水平的分位数。主要结果如下：1）参数估计结果表明不存在普遍适用的极端降水概率分布模式;2）广东极端降水以珠江三角洲和沿海较为突出。其中,清远、汕尾、阳江为广东三大极端降水中心区;3）采用4种概率分布模式推算的极端降水重现水平差别很大。东     

降水极值的非平稳性特征及其重现期研究--以福建省为例?

变化环境下降水序列具有普遍的非平稳性.为深入探究降水极值的非平稳特征及其对极端降水重现期的影响,本文以福建省22个站点为例,针对表征降水序列非平稳特征的2个重要变量均值和方差,利用经验模态分解法(EMD)、Mann-Kendall趋势检验法分析了1960—2012年前汛期、后汛期降水极值序列非平稳特征;运用贡献分析法分析降水极值序列均值和方差变化对非平稳的降水极值确定性趋势的增量贡献;构建非平稳模型,基于均值、方差趋势探讨极端降水的重现期变化特征.结果表明:1)福建省前、后汛期降水极值序列非平稳性较强,前汛期闽西、闽北、闽中方差增加显著,部分站点方差变化对降水极值确定性趋势的增量贡献较大;后汛期全省降水极值均值普遍呈现增加趋势,对降水极值的确定性趋势起主导作用.2)福建省前汛期极端降水趋势增大的站点位于闽北地区,因为降水序列方差的线性增加趋势导致极端降水量显著增加;后汛期极端降水趋势增大的站点位于闽西和闽南2个区域,其中多数站点因为均值的增加趋势导致极端降水量增加,但是增加幅度平缓.3)降水序列方差的改变更加显著地影响了极端降水重现风险,变化环境下极端降水趋势和风险研究需充分考虑降水序列的非平稳性.     

台风引起的长江口及杭州湾沿岸极值风速分布研究

根据台风强度和近岸水位等选取了对上海影响较大的4个典型台风,并根据实测资料比选确定适合长江口及杭州湾区域的台风最大风速半径公式.建立了研究区域的台风模型,并采用典型台风期间实测的风速资料对模型进行了验证.采用台风模型计算了1949-2014年所有影响上海的台风期间以及4个典型台风期间上海沿岸极值风速、有效极值风速,定量...     

结合台风模拟的混合气候下分风向极值风速估计方法

采用Monte Carlo方法分别获取台风和良态风气候的极值风速样本.其中,台风气候极值风速采用Yan Meng台风模型进行模拟,而良态风气候则是对气象站风速数据拟合极值分布后再模拟一定数量的极值数据,然后对两者进行组合.最后,结合风速风向分布模型提出一种考虑风向的极值风速估计方法.利用该方法对上海地区极值风速设计值进行了估算,并讨论了其特性.模拟结果不仅同时展现台风和良态风两种气候的极值分布形态,还表明了受台风影响的地区各个风向上极值风速具有一定程度的相关性.     

台风风场研究及其数值模拟

对近年来台风风场研究及其数值模拟方法作了论述.阐述了浮标和地面台站观测、飞机侦察、雷达卫星高空观测等台风观测手段;阐明了简易参数分析模型、定常动力学模型、非定常动力学模型、运动学模型等台风风场模型;分析了既有风场模型对我国东南、华南沿海海域台风风场模拟的适用性,又论述了基于台风内各站点、基于台风影响区域、台风全路径等极值风速预测研究手段.最后,展望了台风风场数值模拟的发展趋势和需解决的问题.     

基于改进广义极值分布的核管道最大腐蚀深度预测

针对核管道腐蚀的环境复杂性和过程随机性问题以及极值分布模型选择不当所引起的拟合误差问题,采用广义极值分布模型预测核管道腐蚀深度的发展规律,并提出基于免疫遗传算法参数优化的核管道最大腐蚀深度预测及评估方法:对核管道取样管段上腐蚀深度进行统计分析,计算相应的累计概率;利用免疫遗传算法优化广义极值分布函数的统计参数,得到核管道最大腐蚀深度的概率分布函数;由小样本腐蚀深度预测整条管道的最大腐蚀深度ydi,并评估超过最大腐蚀深度ydi的概率.利用不同核管道腐蚀深度进行计算机预测仿真.研究结果表明:改进后的广义极值分布模型不会受限于样本极值数据的具体分布,具有较好的通用性,且模型参数寻优过程收敛速度快,拟合效果较理想.     

二参数Weibull分布形状参数β的渐近置信估计

通过对Weibull分布作变换,将对Weibull分布形状参数β的研究转化为对极值分布尺度参数σ的研究,利用极值分布的样本均值和样本方差,构造极值分布尺度参数σ的渐近正态估计量,进而得到Weibull分布形状参数β的渐近置信区间估计.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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